International concerns about the effects of global change on permafrost-affected soils and responses of permafrost terrestrial landscapes to such change have been increasing in the last two decades. To achieve a varie...International concerns about the effects of global change on permafrost-affected soils and responses of permafrost terrestrial landscapes to such change have been increasing in the last two decades. To achieve a variety of goals including the determining of soil carbon stocks and dynamics in the Northern Hemisphere,the understanding of soil degradation and the best ways to protect the fragile ecosystems in permafrost environment,further study development on Cryosol classification is being in great demand. In this paper the existing Cryosol classifications contained in three representative soil taxonomies are introduced,and the problems in the practical application of the defining criteria used for category differentiation in these taxonomic systems are discussed. Meanwhile,the resumption and reconstruction of Chinese Cryosol classification within a taxonomic frame is proposed. In dealing with Cryosol classification the advantages that Chinese pedologists have and the challenges that they have to face are analyzed. Finally,several suggestions on the study development of the further taxonomic frame of Cryosol classification are put forward.展开更多
The rational usage of low productive cryogenic landscapes in the North-Eastern part of Russia is impossible without carrying out special engineering preparation\. The preventing from negativethat often has destructive...The rational usage of low productive cryogenic landscapes in the North-Eastern part of Russia is impossible without carrying out special engineering preparation\. The preventing from negativethat often has destructive cryogenic processesin the area of ice-covered permafrost soils, provided by its thawing into the marginally necessary depth in thewhole area. The simplest and the most effective engineering method of faulting as anage-old stock （reserve）of surplus moisture in the form of ice from the upper parts of permafrost soils is the creation of continuous furrows net on the wholesurface. This method also raises the fertility of soils, reducesacidity, and raises microbiological activity and the degree of internal structure decaying. Thermophysical calculations and the results of the field study in the experimental firing grounds are the availableevidences of this methodwhich raises thethermal stability of cryogenic landscapes while mastering of global climate changes in different parts of cryolithozone.展开更多
Cryosols and Gleysols were described which form the basis of soil cover of drained spaces of trans-polar territory of Pur-Taz interfluve (Western Siberia, Russia). Their properties were characterized by a series of ph...Cryosols and Gleysols were described which form the basis of soil cover of drained spaces of trans-polar territory of Pur-Taz interfluve (Western Siberia, Russia). Their properties were characterized by a series of physical and chemical indices such as soil texture, field humidity, content of carbon and its group composition, рН values, exchange bases and hydrolytic acidity. The soils under study were named by World Reference Base, 2007. Conformity was considered to concern names of the studied soils with those of soil groups represented in Soil Atlas of the Northern Circumpolar Region, 2010. Iodine content in the profile of soils was under consideration. It was correlated with some physical and chemical indices, and also environmental estimation of iodine content was given for soils of the north.展开更多
The soil landscape relationship was investigated in the Upper Urumqi River Basin of the Tienshan Mountain Range, Xinjiang, China. Cryosols occurred in glaciated valleys and north\|facing toeslopes at elevations above ...The soil landscape relationship was investigated in the Upper Urumqi River Basin of the Tienshan Mountain Range, Xinjiang, China. Cryosols occurred in glaciated valleys and north\|facing toeslopes at elevations above \{3 000\} m. Most cryosols developed in moraine are Aquiturbels. The microrelief is dominated by earth hummocks, thus the surface organic layers are either discontinuous or broken due to frost action. The Bg horizons are either gleyed or mottled and frost\|churned organic matter is common in the lower Bg horizons. Stratified horizons and buried organic or A horizons are also common on gentle sloping or undulating moraines indicating the effects of gelifluction. Reticular structures formed in the lower active layers due to ice lens formation and freeze\|thaw cycles. The active layer thickness ranges from 140～200 cm. The organic cryosols (Hemistels) occur in depressions and north\|facing toeslopes with an active layer thickness ranging from 90～110 cm. Soils formed on south\|facing slopes have a mollic epipedon 20～25 cm thick and a strong brown cambic horizon and are classified as Haplocryolls. The distribution of cryosols is smaller as compared with the extent of permafrost due to the depth requirement of permafrost in cryosol classification. However, the existence of permafrost at greater depth cannot be ignored in land use interpretations.展开更多
文摘International concerns about the effects of global change on permafrost-affected soils and responses of permafrost terrestrial landscapes to such change have been increasing in the last two decades. To achieve a variety of goals including the determining of soil carbon stocks and dynamics in the Northern Hemisphere,the understanding of soil degradation and the best ways to protect the fragile ecosystems in permafrost environment,further study development on Cryosol classification is being in great demand. In this paper the existing Cryosol classifications contained in three representative soil taxonomies are introduced,and the problems in the practical application of the defining criteria used for category differentiation in these taxonomic systems are discussed. Meanwhile,the resumption and reconstruction of Chinese Cryosol classification within a taxonomic frame is proposed. In dealing with Cryosol classification the advantages that Chinese pedologists have and the challenges that they have to face are analyzed. Finally,several suggestions on the study development of the further taxonomic frame of Cryosol classification are put forward.
文摘The rational usage of low productive cryogenic landscapes in the North-Eastern part of Russia is impossible without carrying out special engineering preparation\. The preventing from negativethat often has destructive cryogenic processesin the area of ice-covered permafrost soils, provided by its thawing into the marginally necessary depth in thewhole area. The simplest and the most effective engineering method of faulting as anage-old stock （reserve）of surplus moisture in the form of ice from the upper parts of permafrost soils is the creation of continuous furrows net on the wholesurface. This method also raises the fertility of soils, reducesacidity, and raises microbiological activity and the degree of internal structure decaying. Thermophysical calculations and the results of the field study in the experimental firing grounds are the availableevidences of this methodwhich raises thethermal stability of cryogenic landscapes while mastering of global climate changes in different parts of cryolithozone.
文摘Cryosols and Gleysols were described which form the basis of soil cover of drained spaces of trans-polar territory of Pur-Taz interfluve (Western Siberia, Russia). Their properties were characterized by a series of physical and chemical indices such as soil texture, field humidity, content of carbon and its group composition, рН values, exchange bases and hydrolytic acidity. The soils under study were named by World Reference Base, 2007. Conformity was considered to concern names of the studied soils with those of soil groups represented in Soil Atlas of the Northern Circumpolar Region, 2010. Iodine content in the profile of soils was under consideration. It was correlated with some physical and chemical indices, and also environmental estimation of iodine content was given for soils of the north.
文摘The soil landscape relationship was investigated in the Upper Urumqi River Basin of the Tienshan Mountain Range, Xinjiang, China. Cryosols occurred in glaciated valleys and north\|facing toeslopes at elevations above \{3 000\} m. Most cryosols developed in moraine are Aquiturbels. The microrelief is dominated by earth hummocks, thus the surface organic layers are either discontinuous or broken due to frost action. The Bg horizons are either gleyed or mottled and frost\|churned organic matter is common in the lower Bg horizons. Stratified horizons and buried organic or A horizons are also common on gentle sloping or undulating moraines indicating the effects of gelifluction. Reticular structures formed in the lower active layers due to ice lens formation and freeze\|thaw cycles. The active layer thickness ranges from 140～200 cm. The organic cryosols (Hemistels) occur in depressions and north\|facing toeslopes with an active layer thickness ranging from 90～110 cm. Soils formed on south\|facing slopes have a mollic epipedon 20～25 cm thick and a strong brown cambic horizon and are classified as Haplocryolls. The distribution of cryosols is smaller as compared with the extent of permafrost due to the depth requirement of permafrost in cryosol classification. However, the existence of permafrost at greater depth cannot be ignored in land use interpretations.
