AIM:To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:Thirty patients with crowded discs,and 47 control...AIM:To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:Thirty patients with crowded discs,and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study.One eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm^(2) rectangular area.Radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)density,peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)thickness,cup volume,rim area,disc area,cup-to-disc(c/d)area ratio,and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically using device software.Automated parapapillary choroidal microvasculature(PPCMv)density was calculated using MATLAB software.When the vertical c/d ratio of the optic disc was absent or small cup,it was considered as a crowded disc.RESULTS:The mean signal strength index of OCT-A images was similar between the crowded discs and control eyes(P=0.740).There was no difference in pRNFL between the two groups(P=0.102).There were no differences in RPC density in whole image(P=0.826)and peripapillary region(P=0.923),but inside disc RPC density was higher in crowded optic discs(P=0.003).The PPCMv density in the inner-hemisuperior region was also lower in crowded discs(P=0.026).The pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary RPC density(r=0.498,P<0.001).The inside disc RPC density was negatively correlated with c/d area ratio(r=-0.341,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The higher inside disc RPC density and lower inner-hemisuperior PPCMv density are found in eyes with crowded optic discs.展开更多
To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyze...To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyzed by observing the temporal distribution of inflow passengers each hour and the spatial distribution concerning cross-section passenger flow.Secondly,the identification method of crowded passenger flow is proposed to calculate the threshold via the probability density function fitted by Matlab and classify the early-warning situation based on the threshold obtained.Finally,a case study of Xinjiekou station is conducted to prove the validity and practicability of the proposed method.Compared to the traditional methods,the proposed comprehensive method can remove defects such as efficiency and delay.Furthermore,the proposed method is suitable for other rail transit companies equipped with automatic fare collection systems.展开更多
Crowded scene analysis is currently a hot and challenging topic in computer vision field. The ability to analyze motion patterns from videos is a difficult, but critical part of this problem. In this paper, we propose...Crowded scene analysis is currently a hot and challenging topic in computer vision field. The ability to analyze motion patterns from videos is a difficult, but critical part of this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the analysis of motion patterns by clustering the tracklets using an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm, where the similarity between tracklets is measured by the Longest Common Subsequences. The tracklets are obtained by tracking dense points under three effective rules, therefore enabling it to capture the motion patterns in crowded scenes. The analysis of motion patterns is implemented in a completely unsupervised way, and the tracklets are clustered automatically through hierarchical clustering algorithm based on a graphic model. To validate the performance of our approach, we conducted experimental evaluations on two datasets. The results reveal the precise distributions of motion patterns in current crowded videos and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.展开更多
An estimation approach is proposed in this paper based on the binocular stereovision to collect the degree of crowdedness in public transports. The proposed method combines the disparity with frame differences to extr...An estimation approach is proposed in this paper based on the binocular stereovision to collect the degree of crowdedness in public transports. The proposed method combines the disparity with frame differences to extract the foreground object. An adaptive window normalized cross correlation （NCC） matching and interpolated method is applied to get the sub-pixel image disparity value. Then, the foreground object is projected to the horizontal plane to eliminate the influence of the occlusion and perspective effect. Finally the degree of crowdedness is calculated from the area and the perimeter of the foreground objects. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain good estimation results in the simulated scenes in the laboratory and on parking or moving buses. This approach is effective to illumination changes, shadows and occlusion of passengers.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to reduce the arson or accidental fire losses, we developed a gas sensitive detector used for the rapid detection and early warning of flammables in crowded p...<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to reduce the arson or accidental fire losses, we developed a gas sensitive detector used for the rapid detection and early warning of flammables in crowded places such as buses. A MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) based thin film semiconductor was fabricated as the gas sensor. To obtain the target gas selective response, the surface of the sensitive film was modified with highly active metal catalytic nano-particles. Thus the anti-interference ability was improved and the false alarm rate was effectively reduced. Furthermore, the modular embedded system for information acquisition and transmission was developed. Supported by the Airflow Precision control system (APs), the rapid warning of volatile gas of flammable substances was realized. Experiments showed that RAs has satisfied selectivity to volatiles of usual flammable liquid, such as the output voltage reaches 3 V (0 - 3.3 V). With simulation about the actual installation state in bus, MWs sounds an alarm at 2 minutes after splashing 50 mL 92# petrol to the floor. For the last two years, FEVMEW has been integrated into more than 4000 buses in Hefei. This design has been proved feasible according to the actual operation. </div>展开更多
BACKGROUND:Patients backlogged in the emergency department(ED) waiting for an inpatient bed(boarders) continue to require the attention of ED physicians,exacerbating crowding in the ED.To address this problem,we added...BACKGROUND:Patients backlogged in the emergency department(ED) waiting for an inpatient bed(boarders) continue to require the attention of ED physicians,exacerbating crowding in the ED.To address this problem,we added a "float shift" to our winter schedule solely to care for boarders.We sought to quantify the effect of this float shift,hypothesizing greater physician productivity.METHODS:We performed a retrospective observational study in our community hospital ED,measuring the number of new patients seen in each 10-hour shift in the presence or absence of a float shift physician.We calculated the number of new patients seen per shift for each of the 7 daily shifts,during February(float shift scheduled) and May(float shift unscheduled) of 2008.We then compared the mean number of patients seen per shift in February with May.RESULTS:Total monthly patient volume was 6 656 for February and 6 775 for May,with the mean daily census being 230 and 219 patients,respectively.The number of new patients seen during each shift was greater in February than in May,with a mean increase of 1.1 patients per shift(with the float shift).Surveying participants about intervention effectiveness showed 92%of residents,but only 65%of attending physicians,in favor of maintaining the float shift.CONCLUSION:The presence of a "float shift" physician caring only for boarding patients allows other physicians to maintain and even increase their productivity in our ED,despite the presence of longer throughput times and increased time on diversion.展开更多
We review the use of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy to assess the exchange of amide protons for deuterons(HDX)in efforts to understand how high concentration of cosolutes,especially macromolecules,affect ...We review the use of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy to assess the exchange of amide protons for deuterons(HDX)in efforts to understand how high concentration of cosolutes,especially macromolecules,affect the equilibrium thermodynamics of protein stability.HDX NMR is the only method that can routinely provide such data at the level of individual amino acids.We begin by discussing the properties of the protein systems required to yield equilibrium thermodynamic data and then review publications using osmolytes,sugars,denaturants,synthetic polymers,proteins,cytoplasm and in cells.展开更多
The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and security.Crowd counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of con...The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and security.Crowd counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of congested scenes for prompt reactionary actions.The crowd is always unexpected,and the benchmarked available datasets have a lot of variation,which limits the trained models’performance on unseen test data.In this paper,we proposed an end-to-end deep neural network that takes an input image and generates a density map of a crowd scene.The proposed model consists of encoder and decoder networks comprising batch-free normalization layers known as evolving normalization(EvoNorm).This allows our network to be generalized for unseen data because EvoNorm is not using statistics from the training samples.The decoder network uses dilated 2D convolutional layers to provide large receptive fields and fewer parameters,which enables real-time processing and solves the density drift problem due to its large receptive field.Five benchmark datasets are used in this study to assess the proposed model,resulting in the conclusion that it outperforms conventional models.展开更多
Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients,yet its mechanism remains poorly understood.Among the known cancer-related factors,lifestyle and environmental influences such as tobacco use,diet,...Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients,yet its mechanism remains poorly understood.Among the known cancer-related factors,lifestyle and environmental influences such as tobacco use,diet,and viral infections have been considered“stressors”.Prolonged exposure to these stresses significantly increases the risk of tumor formation.Yet,the impact of these environmental factors on tumor metastasis remains an intriguing and open question.展开更多
Nanozymes are widely used in various applications as nanosized catalysts for replacing enzymes.An accurate estimation of the catalytic activity of nanozymes in real conditions is critical.In this article,for the first...Nanozymes are widely used in various applications as nanosized catalysts for replacing enzymes.An accurate estimation of the catalytic activity of nanozymes in real conditions is critical.In this article,for the first time,we systematically studied the effect of macromolecular molecules co-existing in the real system on the oxidoreductase(peroxidase,oxidase,and catalase)-mimicking nanozymes made of a gold nanoparticle core and a platinum shell,Prussian Blue,Mn_(2)O_(3) and CoO nanoparticles.Comparisons were made with horseradish peroxidase.We distinguished two main mechanisms of the negative impact of macromolecules on nanozyme catalysis—slowed diffusion and surface shielding of nanoparticles.While the first mechanism is typical for enzymes,the second one is specific only for nanozymes.Understanding the mechanisms is essential for developing approaches to reduce the unavoidable impact of macromolecules for various analytical and biomedical applications.展开更多
This summer holiday,my older brother and I paid a visit to my grandparents by bus.The bus was crowded,but everyone seemed to be friendly and helpful.We enjoyed beautiful views all the way.At first,we saw one hill afte...This summer holiday,my older brother and I paid a visit to my grandparents by bus.The bus was crowded,but everyone seemed to be friendly and helpful.We enjoyed beautiful views all the way.At first,we saw one hill after another.展开更多
In Arabidopsis, the phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） plays a vital role in inhibiting seed germination and in postgermination seedling establishment. In the ABA signaling pathway, ABI5, a basic Leu zipper transcript...In Arabidopsis, the phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） plays a vital role in inhibiting seed germination and in postgermination seedling establishment. In the ABA signaling pathway, ABI5, a basic Leu zipper transcription factor, has important functions in the regulation of seed germination. ABI5 protein localizes in nuclear bodies, along with AFP, COP1, and SIZ1, and was degraded through the 26S proteasome pathway. However, the mechanisms of ABI5 nuclear body formation and ABI5 protein degradation remain obscure. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis CROWDED NUCLEI （CRWN） proteins, predicted nuclear matrix proteins essential for maintenance of nuclear morphology, also participate in ABA-controlled seed germination by regulating the degradation of ABI5 protein. During seed germination, the crwn mutants are hypersensitive to ABA and have higher levels of ABI5 protein compared to wild type. Genetic analysis suggested that CRWNs act upstream of ABIS. The observation that CRWN3 colocalizes with ABI5 in nuclear bodies indicates that CRWNs might participate in ABI5 protein degrada- tion in nuclear bodies. Moreover, we revealed that the extreme C-terminal of CRWN3 protein is necessary for its function in the response to ABA in germination. Our results suggested important roles of CRWNs in ABI5 nuclear body organization and ABI5 protein degradation during seed germination.展开更多
Previous studies have investigated whether Chinese exports have crowaea oul mose from other countries. However, what has yet to be considered is the evidence based on different quality varieties. Using the most detail...Previous studies have investigated whether Chinese exports have crowaea oul mose from other countries. However, what has yet to be considered is the evidence based on different quality varieties. Using the most detailed Harmonized System 9-digit product- level data, the present paper provides evidence of crowding-out and crowded-out effects across different product quality segments and across manufacturing sectors by quality segments. The empirical evidence presented in this paper shows that the crowding-out effects of Chinese exports have been greatest at the lower end of the quality spectrum but less significant at the higher quality spectrum. Moreover, since 2007, China＇s own exports of lower quality manufactured goods have been increasingly crowded out. The key policy implication is that China＇s export path is in line with that taken by other Asian economies in previous decades; the crowded-out effect could achieve win-win outcomes for countries involved; and lower income countries would do well to be open to receive those relocated low value-added industries from China. However, the relocation policy in China is best implemented gradually as climbing up the product quality ladder takes time.展开更多
I had a three-day holiday for this May Day.So I went to the coastal city Qingdao.It was sunny and hot.So I had great fun playing in the water.In the afternoon,I went shopping.But there were too many people in the mark...I had a three-day holiday for this May Day.So I went to the coastal city Qingdao.It was sunny and hot.So I had great fun playing in the water.In the afternoon,I went shopping.But there were too many people in the market.I didn’t really enjoy it.展开更多
研究探讨了对话式阅读中的CROWD提示策略(完成性、回忆性、开放性、问题性、间距性)如何促进4~5岁幼儿心理理论(Theory of Mind, ToM)的发展。首先基于改进的卡西迪分析框架,确立了“心理状态的语言表征”和“错误信念的表征”两大标准...研究探讨了对话式阅读中的CROWD提示策略(完成性、回忆性、开放性、问题性、间距性)如何促进4~5岁幼儿心理理论(Theory of Mind, ToM)的发展。首先基于改进的卡西迪分析框架,确立了“心理状态的语言表征”和“错误信念的表征”两大标准,并以此为依据选取了7本富含心理理论内容的图画书作为分析样本。随后系统地剖析了五种CROWD提示策略在这些图画书阅读中的具体应用路径,通过列举实例说明了每种策略如何引导幼儿识别和推断角色的信念、意图、情绪等心理状态。最后得出结论:CROWD策略通过构建“行为–心理结果”的因果链条、训练双重表征能力、促进反事实推理等方式,能够有效提升幼儿的心理理论能力,并通过认知与情感的双向建构,实现对话式阅读教育效能的最优化。展开更多
Soft rock is one of the common geological conditions in coal mine underground water reservoir engineering.The cross-scale correlation analysis of water erosion soft lithology deterioration is very important for the sa...Soft rock is one of the common geological conditions in coal mine underground water reservoir engineering.The cross-scale correlation analysis of water erosion soft lithology deterioration is very important for the safety and stability of coal mine underground reservoir(CMUR)engineering.To address the issues of grain crowding and segmentation difficulties in cross-scale corelation analysis,as well as the limitations of traditional etching methods,this study proposes an image grain segmentation method based on deep learning algorithms,utilizing scanning electron microscopy and image process-ing techniques.The method successfully segments crowded grains and eliminates the interference from misplaced particles.In addition,indoor uniaxial compression tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of sandstone samples with different water content.By quantitatively characterizing the macroscopic and microscopic deterioration degree of red sandstone samples with different water contents,the relationship between the strength changes of rock samples and the pet-rographic parameters such as grain size and grain shape is analyzed,and the influence law of soft lithology deterioration in CMUR engineering is revealed.The results indicate:(1)Water significantly weakens the mechanical properties and stability of soft rock.With increasing water content,the strength of sandstone samples continuously decreases,and the failure mode transitions from brittle to ductile failure.(2)The deterioration of micro-micro structures is the main cause of the decrease in mechanical properties of water-eroded soft rock.Grain size,grain area,and aspect ratio are negatively correlated with water content,indicating that hydrophilic minerals in soft rock dissolve under the action of water,leading to rock damage.(3)Grain size,area,and aspect ratio can serve as significant indicators for quantifying the strength changes of water-eroded soft rock.The research findings can be applied to stability assessment and disaster prevention in CMUR engineering.展开更多
Over 4 million vehicles on road challenge Beijing’s city management Beijing, the city once known as the kingdom of bicycles, has become clogged with automobiles, the Beijing Municipal Government Publicity Office said...Over 4 million vehicles on road challenge Beijing’s city management Beijing, the city once known as the kingdom of bicycles, has become clogged with automobiles, the Beijing Municipal Government Publicity Office said on December 18.展开更多
This paper applies a gravity model to investigate the determinants of foreign direct investment （FDI） in East Asia. Economic fundamentals, such as market size, per capita income and country risk indicators, economic...This paper applies a gravity model to investigate the determinants of foreign direct investment （FDI） in East Asia. Economic fundamentals, such as market size, per capita income and country risk indicators, economic and cultural ties, exchange rate volatilities and information asymmetry are found to be important determinants for FDL Globally, the inward FDI among high-income OECD economies declined significantly on average over the period of 1990-2003, whereas the inward FDI of the high-income OECD economies in emerging market economies gained substantially. In the East Asian region, the ASEAN-4 （Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand） received above-average inward FDI from the high-income OECD economies after controlling for their economic fundamentals. By contrast, China＇s FDl from the high-income OECD economies is below average relative to its economic fundamentals. Therefore, it is difficult to establish that China has crowded out FDI from its developing ASEAN neighbors.展开更多
Aims In most natural plant populations,there is a strong right-skewed dis-tribution of body sizes for reproductive plants-i.e.the vast majority are relatively small,suppressed weaklings that manage not just to survive...Aims In most natural plant populations,there is a strong right-skewed dis-tribution of body sizes for reproductive plants-i.e.the vast majority are relatively small,suppressed weaklings that manage not just to survive effects of crowding/competition and other hazards but also to produce offspring.recent research has shown that because of their relatively large numbers,these relatively small resident plants collectively contribute most of the seed offspring production available for the population in the next generation.However,the success of these offspring will depend in part on their quality,e.g.reflected by seed size and resource content.accordingly,in the present study,we used material from natural populations of herbaceous species to test the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between body size variation in resident plants-resulting from between-site variation in the intensity of crowding/competition-and variation in the mass or N content of their individual seeds.Methods using populations of 56 herbaceous species common in eastern ontario,total above-ground dry plant mass,mean mass per seed and mean nitrogen(N)content per seed were recorded for a sample of the largest resident plants and also for the smallest reproduc-tive plants growing in local neighbourhoods with the most severe crowding/competition from near neighbours.Important Findingsmass per seed was numerically smaller from the smallest resident plants for most study species,but with few exceptions,this was not significantly different(P>0.05)from mass per seed from the larg-est resident plants.the results therefore showed no general effect of maternal plant body size on individual seed mass,or N content.this suggests that the reproductive output of the smaller half of the resident plant size distribution within these populations is likely to contribute not just most of the seed production available for the next generation but also seed offspring that are just as likely-on a per individual basis-to achieve seedling/juvenile recruitment success as the seed offspring produced by the largest resident plants.this conflicts with the traditional‘size-advantage’hypothesis for predicting plant fitness under severe competition,and instead supports the recent‘reproductive-economy-advantage’hypothesis,where competitive fitness is promoted by capacity to produce offspring that-despite severe body size suppression imposed by neighbour effects-in turn have capacity to produce grand-offspring.展开更多
文摘AIM:To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:Thirty patients with crowded discs,and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study.One eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm^(2) rectangular area.Radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)density,peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)thickness,cup volume,rim area,disc area,cup-to-disc(c/d)area ratio,and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically using device software.Automated parapapillary choroidal microvasculature(PPCMv)density was calculated using MATLAB software.When the vertical c/d ratio of the optic disc was absent or small cup,it was considered as a crowded disc.RESULTS:The mean signal strength index of OCT-A images was similar between the crowded discs and control eyes(P=0.740).There was no difference in pRNFL between the two groups(P=0.102).There were no differences in RPC density in whole image(P=0.826)and peripapillary region(P=0.923),but inside disc RPC density was higher in crowded optic discs(P=0.003).The PPCMv density in the inner-hemisuperior region was also lower in crowded discs(P=0.026).The pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary RPC density(r=0.498,P<0.001).The inside disc RPC density was negatively correlated with c/d area ratio(r=-0.341,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The higher inside disc RPC density and lower inner-hemisuperior PPCMv density are found in eyes with crowded optic discs.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFE0206800)
文摘To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyzed by observing the temporal distribution of inflow passengers each hour and the spatial distribution concerning cross-section passenger flow.Secondly,the identification method of crowded passenger flow is proposed to calculate the threshold via the probability density function fitted by Matlab and classify the early-warning situation based on the threshold obtained.Finally,a case study of Xinjiekou station is conducted to prove the validity and practicability of the proposed method.Compared to the traditional methods,the proposed comprehensive method can remove defects such as efficiency and delay.Furthermore,the proposed method is suitable for other rail transit companies equipped with automatic fare collection systems.
基金supported in part by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2011CB302203the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61273285
文摘Crowded scene analysis is currently a hot and challenging topic in computer vision field. The ability to analyze motion patterns from videos is a difficult, but critical part of this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the analysis of motion patterns by clustering the tracklets using an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm, where the similarity between tracklets is measured by the Longest Common Subsequences. The tracklets are obtained by tracking dense points under three effective rules, therefore enabling it to capture the motion patterns in crowded scenes. The analysis of motion patterns is implemented in a completely unsupervised way, and the tracklets are clustered automatically through hierarchical clustering algorithm based on a graphic model. To validate the performance of our approach, we conducted experimental evaluations on two datasets. The results reveal the precise distributions of motion patterns in current crowded videos and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
基金supported by the Development Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology (Grant No.072112007)the Shanghai Leading Acdemic Discipline Project (Grant No.J50104)
文摘An estimation approach is proposed in this paper based on the binocular stereovision to collect the degree of crowdedness in public transports. The proposed method combines the disparity with frame differences to extract the foreground object. An adaptive window normalized cross correlation （NCC） matching and interpolated method is applied to get the sub-pixel image disparity value. Then, the foreground object is projected to the horizontal plane to eliminate the influence of the occlusion and perspective effect. Finally the degree of crowdedness is calculated from the area and the perimeter of the foreground objects. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain good estimation results in the simulated scenes in the laboratory and on parking or moving buses. This approach is effective to illumination changes, shadows and occlusion of passengers.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> In order to reduce the arson or accidental fire losses, we developed a gas sensitive detector used for the rapid detection and early warning of flammables in crowded places such as buses. A MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) based thin film semiconductor was fabricated as the gas sensor. To obtain the target gas selective response, the surface of the sensitive film was modified with highly active metal catalytic nano-particles. Thus the anti-interference ability was improved and the false alarm rate was effectively reduced. Furthermore, the modular embedded system for information acquisition and transmission was developed. Supported by the Airflow Precision control system (APs), the rapid warning of volatile gas of flammable substances was realized. Experiments showed that RAs has satisfied selectivity to volatiles of usual flammable liquid, such as the output voltage reaches 3 V (0 - 3.3 V). With simulation about the actual installation state in bus, MWs sounds an alarm at 2 minutes after splashing 50 mL 92# petrol to the floor. For the last two years, FEVMEW has been integrated into more than 4000 buses in Hefei. This design has been proved feasible according to the actual operation. </div>
文摘BACKGROUND:Patients backlogged in the emergency department(ED) waiting for an inpatient bed(boarders) continue to require the attention of ED physicians,exacerbating crowding in the ED.To address this problem,we added a "float shift" to our winter schedule solely to care for boarders.We sought to quantify the effect of this float shift,hypothesizing greater physician productivity.METHODS:We performed a retrospective observational study in our community hospital ED,measuring the number of new patients seen in each 10-hour shift in the presence or absence of a float shift physician.We calculated the number of new patients seen per shift for each of the 7 daily shifts,during February(float shift scheduled) and May(float shift unscheduled) of 2008.We then compared the mean number of patients seen per shift in February with May.RESULTS:Total monthly patient volume was 6 656 for February and 6 775 for May,with the mean daily census being 230 and 219 patients,respectively.The number of new patients seen during each shift was greater in February than in May,with a mean increase of 1.1 patients per shift(with the float shift).Surveying participants about intervention effectiveness showed 92%of residents,but only 65%of attending physicians,in favor of maintaining the float shift.CONCLUSION:The presence of a "float shift" physician caring only for boarding patients allows other physicians to maintain and even increase their productivity in our ED,despite the presence of longer throughput times and increased time on diversion.
文摘We review the use of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy to assess the exchange of amide protons for deuterons(HDX)in efforts to understand how high concentration of cosolutes,especially macromolecules,affect the equilibrium thermodynamics of protein stability.HDX NMR is the only method that can routinely provide such data at the level of individual amino acids.We begin by discussing the properties of the protein systems required to yield equilibrium thermodynamic data and then review publications using osmolytes,sugars,denaturants,synthetic polymers,proteins,cytoplasm and in cells.
基金This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2021R1I1A1A01055652).
文摘The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and security.Crowd counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of congested scenes for prompt reactionary actions.The crowd is always unexpected,and the benchmarked available datasets have a lot of variation,which limits the trained models’performance on unseen test data.In this paper,we proposed an end-to-end deep neural network that takes an input image and generates a density map of a crowd scene.The proposed model consists of encoder and decoder networks comprising batch-free normalization layers known as evolving normalization(EvoNorm).This allows our network to be generalized for unseen data because EvoNorm is not using statistics from the training samples.The decoder network uses dilated 2D convolutional layers to provide large receptive fields and fewer parameters,which enables real-time processing and solves the density drift problem due to its large receptive field.Five benchmark datasets are used in this study to assess the proposed model,resulting in the conclusion that it outperforms conventional models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31970536,32370891)the Fundamental Research Funds from Tongji University(No.2023-3-YB-06).
文摘Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients,yet its mechanism remains poorly understood.Among the known cancer-related factors,lifestyle and environmental influences such as tobacco use,diet,and viral infections have been considered“stressors”.Prolonged exposure to these stresses significantly increases the risk of tumor formation.Yet,the impact of these environmental factors on tumor metastasis remains an intriguing and open question.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC).
文摘Nanozymes are widely used in various applications as nanosized catalysts for replacing enzymes.An accurate estimation of the catalytic activity of nanozymes in real conditions is critical.In this article,for the first time,we systematically studied the effect of macromolecular molecules co-existing in the real system on the oxidoreductase(peroxidase,oxidase,and catalase)-mimicking nanozymes made of a gold nanoparticle core and a platinum shell,Prussian Blue,Mn_(2)O_(3) and CoO nanoparticles.Comparisons were made with horseradish peroxidase.We distinguished two main mechanisms of the negative impact of macromolecules on nanozyme catalysis—slowed diffusion and surface shielding of nanoparticles.While the first mechanism is typical for enzymes,the second one is specific only for nanozymes.Understanding the mechanisms is essential for developing approaches to reduce the unavoidable impact of macromolecules for various analytical and biomedical applications.
文摘This summer holiday,my older brother and I paid a visit to my grandparents by bus.The bus was crowded,but everyone seemed to be friendly and helpful.We enjoyed beautiful views all the way.At first,we saw one hill after another.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation(31100211)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014CB943402)
文摘In Arabidopsis, the phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） plays a vital role in inhibiting seed germination and in postgermination seedling establishment. In the ABA signaling pathway, ABI5, a basic Leu zipper transcription factor, has important functions in the regulation of seed germination. ABI5 protein localizes in nuclear bodies, along with AFP, COP1, and SIZ1, and was degraded through the 26S proteasome pathway. However, the mechanisms of ABI5 nuclear body formation and ABI5 protein degradation remain obscure. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis CROWDED NUCLEI （CRWN） proteins, predicted nuclear matrix proteins essential for maintenance of nuclear morphology, also participate in ABA-controlled seed germination by regulating the degradation of ABI5 protein. During seed germination, the crwn mutants are hypersensitive to ABA and have higher levels of ABI5 protein compared to wild type. Genetic analysis suggested that CRWNs act upstream of ABIS. The observation that CRWN3 colocalizes with ABI5 in nuclear bodies indicates that CRWNs might participate in ABI5 protein degrada- tion in nuclear bodies. Moreover, we revealed that the extreme C-terminal of CRWN3 protein is necessary for its function in the response to ABA in germination. Our results suggested important roles of CRWNs in ABI5 nuclear body organization and ABI5 protein degradation during seed germination.
文摘Previous studies have investigated whether Chinese exports have crowaea oul mose from other countries. However, what has yet to be considered is the evidence based on different quality varieties. Using the most detailed Harmonized System 9-digit product- level data, the present paper provides evidence of crowding-out and crowded-out effects across different product quality segments and across manufacturing sectors by quality segments. The empirical evidence presented in this paper shows that the crowding-out effects of Chinese exports have been greatest at the lower end of the quality spectrum but less significant at the higher quality spectrum. Moreover, since 2007, China＇s own exports of lower quality manufactured goods have been increasingly crowded out. The key policy implication is that China＇s export path is in line with that taken by other Asian economies in previous decades; the crowded-out effect could achieve win-win outcomes for countries involved; and lower income countries would do well to be open to receive those relocated low value-added industries from China. However, the relocation policy in China is best implemented gradually as climbing up the product quality ladder takes time.
文摘I had a three-day holiday for this May Day.So I went to the coastal city Qingdao.It was sunny and hot.So I had great fun playing in the water.In the afternoon,I went shopping.But there were too many people in the market.I didn’t really enjoy it.
文摘研究探讨了对话式阅读中的CROWD提示策略(完成性、回忆性、开放性、问题性、间距性)如何促进4~5岁幼儿心理理论(Theory of Mind, ToM)的发展。首先基于改进的卡西迪分析框架,确立了“心理状态的语言表征”和“错误信念的表征”两大标准,并以此为依据选取了7本富含心理理论内容的图画书作为分析样本。随后系统地剖析了五种CROWD提示策略在这些图画书阅读中的具体应用路径,通过列举实例说明了每种策略如何引导幼儿识别和推断角色的信念、意图、情绪等心理状态。最后得出结论:CROWD策略通过构建“行为–心理结果”的因果链条、训练双重表征能力、促进反事实推理等方式,能够有效提升幼儿的心理理论能力,并通过认知与情感的双向建构,实现对话式阅读教育效能的最优化。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51774196,52304093)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741968)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023ME086).
文摘Soft rock is one of the common geological conditions in coal mine underground water reservoir engineering.The cross-scale correlation analysis of water erosion soft lithology deterioration is very important for the safety and stability of coal mine underground reservoir(CMUR)engineering.To address the issues of grain crowding and segmentation difficulties in cross-scale corelation analysis,as well as the limitations of traditional etching methods,this study proposes an image grain segmentation method based on deep learning algorithms,utilizing scanning electron microscopy and image process-ing techniques.The method successfully segments crowded grains and eliminates the interference from misplaced particles.In addition,indoor uniaxial compression tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of sandstone samples with different water content.By quantitatively characterizing the macroscopic and microscopic deterioration degree of red sandstone samples with different water contents,the relationship between the strength changes of rock samples and the pet-rographic parameters such as grain size and grain shape is analyzed,and the influence law of soft lithology deterioration in CMUR engineering is revealed.The results indicate:(1)Water significantly weakens the mechanical properties and stability of soft rock.With increasing water content,the strength of sandstone samples continuously decreases,and the failure mode transitions from brittle to ductile failure.(2)The deterioration of micro-micro structures is the main cause of the decrease in mechanical properties of water-eroded soft rock.Grain size,grain area,and aspect ratio are negatively correlated with water content,indicating that hydrophilic minerals in soft rock dissolve under the action of water,leading to rock damage.(3)Grain size,area,and aspect ratio can serve as significant indicators for quantifying the strength changes of water-eroded soft rock.The research findings can be applied to stability assessment and disaster prevention in CMUR engineering.
文摘Over 4 million vehicles on road challenge Beijing’s city management Beijing, the city once known as the kingdom of bicycles, has become clogged with automobiles, the Beijing Municipal Government Publicity Office said on December 18.
文摘This paper applies a gravity model to investigate the determinants of foreign direct investment （FDI） in East Asia. Economic fundamentals, such as market size, per capita income and country risk indicators, economic and cultural ties, exchange rate volatilities and information asymmetry are found to be important determinants for FDL Globally, the inward FDI among high-income OECD economies declined significantly on average over the period of 1990-2003, whereas the inward FDI of the high-income OECD economies in emerging market economies gained substantially. In the East Asian region, the ASEAN-4 （Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand） received above-average inward FDI from the high-income OECD economies after controlling for their economic fundamentals. By contrast, China＇s FDl from the high-income OECD economies is below average relative to its economic fundamentals. Therefore, it is difficult to establish that China has crowded out FDI from its developing ASEAN neighbors.
基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Research Grant(291-2009)to L.W.A.
文摘Aims In most natural plant populations,there is a strong right-skewed dis-tribution of body sizes for reproductive plants-i.e.the vast majority are relatively small,suppressed weaklings that manage not just to survive effects of crowding/competition and other hazards but also to produce offspring.recent research has shown that because of their relatively large numbers,these relatively small resident plants collectively contribute most of the seed offspring production available for the population in the next generation.However,the success of these offspring will depend in part on their quality,e.g.reflected by seed size and resource content.accordingly,in the present study,we used material from natural populations of herbaceous species to test the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between body size variation in resident plants-resulting from between-site variation in the intensity of crowding/competition-and variation in the mass or N content of their individual seeds.Methods using populations of 56 herbaceous species common in eastern ontario,total above-ground dry plant mass,mean mass per seed and mean nitrogen(N)content per seed were recorded for a sample of the largest resident plants and also for the smallest reproduc-tive plants growing in local neighbourhoods with the most severe crowding/competition from near neighbours.Important Findingsmass per seed was numerically smaller from the smallest resident plants for most study species,but with few exceptions,this was not significantly different(P>0.05)from mass per seed from the larg-est resident plants.the results therefore showed no general effect of maternal plant body size on individual seed mass,or N content.this suggests that the reproductive output of the smaller half of the resident plant size distribution within these populations is likely to contribute not just most of the seed production available for the next generation but also seed offspring that are just as likely-on a per individual basis-to achieve seedling/juvenile recruitment success as the seed offspring produced by the largest resident plants.this conflicts with the traditional‘size-advantage’hypothesis for predicting plant fitness under severe competition,and instead supports the recent‘reproductive-economy-advantage’hypothesis,where competitive fitness is promoted by capacity to produce offspring that-despite severe body size suppression imposed by neighbour effects-in turn have capacity to produce grand-offspring.
