OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of 7 commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training in improving limb function in patients with cerebral h...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of 7 commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training in improving limb function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage through a network Meta-analysis.METHODS:A computer-based search was conducted in 8 databases,including China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Wanfang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database,Pub Med,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Scopus,and Embase,from their inception until February 19,2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating the effectiveness of the combined use of 7 commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training in improving limb function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage were included.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data from the included studies,and performed quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration's standards.The software Stata 17.0 was used to create a network evidence graph for each combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training,and to generate a publication bias funnel plot.Network Meta-analysis was conducted using Rev Man 5.3 to assess the risk of bias in the included studies,with mean difference(MD)used for continuous variables and odds ratio(OR)used for dichotomous variables.If there was good consistency among the included studies(P>0.05),a consistency model was applied for data analysis.If there was poor consistency among the included studies(P<0.05),an inconsistency model was used.RESULTS:A total of 27 studies involving 2113 patients with limb dysfunction caused by cerebral hemorrhage were included.The results of the network Meta-analysis indicated that the combined use of 7 Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training was more effective in improving limb function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage compared to rehabilitation training alone.In terms of improving simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)scores,the effectiveness ranking was as follows:acupuncture+rehabilitation training>Acupoint sticking therapy+rehabilitation training>massage+rehabilitation training>electroacupuncture+rehabilitation training>moxibustion+rehabilitation training>Traditional Chinese Medicine therapy+rehabilitation training>Chinese herbal fumigation+rehabilitation training.In terms of improving Barthel Index(BI)scores,the effectiveness ranking was as follows:electroacupuncture+rehabilitation training>Acupoint sticking therapy+rehabilitation training>acupuncture+rehabilitation training>massage+rehabilitation training>moxibustion+rehabilitation training>Traditional Chinese Medicine fumigation+rehabilitation training>Traditional Chinese Medicine therapy+rehabilitation training.CONCLUSION:Based on existing literature evidence,our findings suggest the following:(a)The combination of the seven commonly used external treatment methods with rehabilitation training is superior to using rehabilitation training alone for the treatment of hemiplegia resulting from cerebral hemorrhage.(b)In terms of improving FMA scores,the combination of acupuncture and rehabilitation training shows the most significant effectiveness.(c)In terms of improving BI scores,the combination of electro-acupuncture and rehabilitation training demonstrates the most significant effectiveness.Therefore,we still need more multicenter,large-sample,high-quality randomized controlled trials to further validate the findings of this study.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate that significantly affects patient prognosis.Postoperative adjuvant external radiation therapy(RT)has been shown to effectively prevent ...BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate that significantly affects patient prognosis.Postoperative adjuvant external radiation therapy(RT)has been shown to effectively prevent recurrence after liver cancer resection.However,there are multiple RT techniques available,and the differ-ential effects of these techniques in preventing postoperative liver cancer re-currence require further investigation.AIM To assess the advantages and disadvantages of various adjuvant external RT methods after liver resection based on overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)and to determine the optimal strategy.METHODS This study involved network meta-analyses and followed the PRISMA guidelines.The data of qualified studies published before July 10,2023,were collected from PubMed,Embase,the Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.We included relevant studies on postoperative external beam RT after liver resection that had OS and DFS as the primary endpoints.The magnitudes of the effects were determined using risk ratios with 95%confidential intervals.The results were analyzed using R software and STATA software.RESULTS A total of 12 studies,including 1265 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after liver resection,were included in this study.There was no significant heterogeneity in the direct paired comparisons,and there were no significant differences in the inclusion or exclusion criteria,intervention measures,or outcome indicators,meeting the assumptions of heterogeneity and transitivity.OS analysis revealed that patients who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)after resection had longer OS than those who underwent intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)or 3-dimensional conformal RT(3D-CRT).DFS analysis revealed that patients who underwent 3D-CRT after resection had the longest DFS.Patients who underwent IMRT after resection had longer OS than those who underwent 3D-CRT and longer DFS than those who underwent SBRT.CONCLUSION HCC patients who undergo liver cancer resection must consider distinct advantages and disadvantages when choosing between SBRT and 3D-CRT.IMRT,a RT technique that is associated with longer OS than 3D-CRT and longer DFS than SBRT,may be a preferred option.展开更多
Urban shrinkage is a global phenomenon,and it will coexist with urban growth for many years.At the same time,the network connection between cities continuously improved due to the construction of the transportation an...Urban shrinkage is a global phenomenon,and it will coexist with urban growth for many years.At the same time,the network connection between cities continuously improved due to the construction of the transportation and information networks.However,the relationship between urban network externalities and urban population growth/shrinkage remains unclear.Therefore,based on high-speed railway(HSR)flow data,a spatial econometric model is used to explore the mechanism behind urban population growth and shrinkage from the perspective of network externalities in China.The results indicate that:1)the urban network experiences a certain clubbing effect.Growing cities that are strongly connected are concentrated along China’s main railway lines and the southeastern coastal areas,while shrinking cities that are weakly connected are distributed at the periphery of the network.2)Moreover,the network externality disregards spatial distance and together with the agglomeration externality influences the growth and shrinking of cities.3)Urban economic development still promotes the development of Chinese cities.However,the improvement of the urban economy has a negative cross-regional spillover effect on neighboring cities due to urban competition.4)Lastly,Local spillovers of urban network externalities are positive,while cross-regional ones are negative.Consequently,the government needs to promote the construction of multi-dimensional network connections between cities to promote cities’sustainable development.This study reveals the relationship between urban network externalities and urban development,enriches the theories of network externalities and urban growth/shrinkage,and provides a reference for regional coordinated development.展开更多
With the advent of Internet financial innovation,many commercial banks quietly have started to enter into the Ecommercial in order to prevent oligarchs from eroding financial market.From the perspective of industrial ...With the advent of Internet financial innovation,many commercial banks quietly have started to enter into the Ecommercial in order to prevent oligarchs from eroding financial market.From the perspective of industrial division,this paper reveals the nature of a phenomenon that E-commercial enterprises and banks have stepped into each other's field,which E-commerce of banks can give full play to network effects.Then it uses game theory to analyze the motions of banks to involve into E-commerce and the short-term competitive equilibrium of large incumbent Ecommercial enterprises as well.For individual rationality,the dominant strategy of banks and E-commercial enterprises is(enter,counterattack).Considering network externalities,it constructs a competing model on banks and incumbent E-commercial enterprises and simulates competitive trends and balanced results of their behaviors,which illustrates that banks can obtain network effect after choosing E-commerce strategy.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel multivalued recurrent neural network model driven by external inputs,along with two innovative learning algorithms.By incorporating a multivalued activation function,the proposed model can ...This paper proposes a novel multivalued recurrent neural network model driven by external inputs,along with two innovative learning algorithms.By incorporating a multivalued activation function,the proposed model can achieve multivalued many-to-one associative memory,and the newly developed algorithms enable effective storage of many-to-one patterns in the coefficient matrix while maintaining the indispensability of inputs in many-to-one associative memory.The proposed learning algorithm addresses a critical limitation of existing models which fail to ensure completely erroneous outputs when facing partial input missing in many-to-one associative memory tasks.The methodology is rigorously derived through theoretical analysis,incorporating comprehensive verification of both the existence and global exponential stability of equilibrium points.Demonstrative examples are provided in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed theory.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch through the application of network pharmacology.[Methods]The HIT 2.0 database and the TCMSP database were u...[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch through the application of network pharmacology.[Methods]The HIT 2.0 database and the TCMSP database were utilized to identify and gather the active ingredients and corresponding action targets of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch.Cytoscape software was utilized to create network diagrams and analyze the primary active ingredients and action targets of the herbal patch formulation.Gene Ontology(GO)functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis of the identified action targets were conducted using the DAVID database.The SymMap database was utilized to analyze the network information pertaining to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),syndromes and the associated symptoms of the medicinal plants found in the Chinese herbal patch.[Results]The network pharmacological analysis suggested that the primary Chinese herbal ingredients of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch may include Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata,Fructus Aurantii,Cyperi Rhizoma,Radix Codonopsis,etc.The primary active ingredients may include quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,fisetin,nobiletin,naringenin,isosinensetin,baicalin,etc.These ingredients exhibited a protective effect on the intestinal tract and were advantageous in the regulation of abnormal intestinal function.The primary targets of action included PTGS2,CASP3,HSP90AA1,PTGS1,AKT1,and MMP9.The active ingredients of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch may exert a regulatory effect on gastrointestinal inflammation by interacting with the pertinent targets within the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,the IL-17 signaling pathway,and other related pathways in the body.The principal symptoms associated with this condition may include qi stagnation,qi deficiency,and food accumulation.[Conclusions]This study offers a framework for analyzing the efficacy and mechanisms of action of external preparations derived from medicinal plants.展开更多
This paper proposes a new distributed formation flight protocol for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to perform coordinated circular tracking around a set of circles on a target sphere.Different from the previous results...This paper proposes a new distributed formation flight protocol for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to perform coordinated circular tracking around a set of circles on a target sphere.Different from the previous results limited in bidirectional networks and disturbance-free motions,this paper handles the circular formation flight control problem with both directed network and spatiotemporal disturbance with the knowledge of its upper bound.Distinguishing from the design of a common Lyapunov fiunction for bidirectional cases,we separately design the control for the circular tracking subsystem and the formation keeping subsystem with the circular tracking error as input.Then the whole control system is regarded as a cascade connection of these two subsystems,which is proved to be stable by input-tostate stability(ISS)theory.For the purpose of encountering the external disturbance,the backstepping technology is introduced to design the control inputs of each UAV pointing to North and Down along the special sphere(say,the circular tracking control algorithm)with the help of the switching function.Meanwhile,the distributed linear consensus protocol integrated with anther switching anti-interference item is developed to construct the control input of each UAV pointing to east along the special sphere(say,the formation keeping control law)for formation keeping.The validity of the proposed control law is proved both in the rigorous theory and through numerical simulations.展开更多
Traffic flow prediction is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Accurate multi-step traffic flow prediction plays an important role in improving the operational efficiency of the traffic network...Traffic flow prediction is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Accurate multi-step traffic flow prediction plays an important role in improving the operational efficiency of the traffic network. Since traffic flow data has complex spatio-temporal correlation and non-linearity, existing prediction methods are mainly accomplished through a combination of a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and a recurrent neural network. The combination strategy has an excellent performance in traffic prediction tasks. However, multi-step prediction error accumulates with the predicted step size. Some scholars use multiple sampling sequences to achieve more accurate prediction results. But it requires high hardware conditions and multiplied training time. Considering the spatiotemporal correlation of traffic flow and influence of external factors, we propose an Attention Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network considering External Factors (ABSTGCN-EF) for multi-step traffic flow prediction. This model models the traffic flow as diffusion on a digraph and extracts the spatial characteristics of traffic flow through GCN. We add meaningful time-slots attention to the encoder-decoder to form an Attention Encoder Network (AEN) to handle temporal correlation. The attention vector is used as a competitive choice to draw the correlation between predicted states and historical states. We considered the impact of three external factors (daytime, weekdays, and traffic accident markers) on the traffic flow prediction tasks. Experiments on two public data sets show that it makes sense to consider external factors. The prediction performance of our ABSTGCN-EF model achieves 7.2%–8.7% higher than the state-of-the-art baselines.展开更多
Buried natural gas pipelines are vulnerable to external corrosion because they are encased in a soil environment for a long time.Identifying the causes of external corrosion and taking specific maintenance measures is...Buried natural gas pipelines are vulnerable to external corrosion because they are encased in a soil environment for a long time.Identifying the causes of external corrosion and taking specific maintenance measures is essential.In this work,a risk analysis and maintenance decision-making model for natural gas pipelines with external corrosion is proposed based on a Bayesian network.A fault tree model is first employed to identify the causes of external corrosion.The Bayesian network for risk analysis is determined accordingly.The maintenance strategies are then inserted into the Bayesian network to show a reduction of the risk.The costs of maintenance strategies and the reduced risk after maintenance are combined in an optimization function to build a decision-making model.Because of the limitations of historical data,some of the parameters in the Bayesian network are obtained from a probabilistic estimation model,which combines expert experience and fuzzy set theory.Finally,a case study is carried out to verify the feasibility of the maintenance decision model.This indicates that the method proposed in this work can be used to provide effective maintenance schemes for different pipeline external corrosion scenarios and to reduce the possible losses caused by external corrosion.展开更多
Reliability evaluation is important in high speed railway external power supply design, based on probability reasoning bayesian network applied in high-speed railway external power supply reliability evaluation, estab...Reliability evaluation is important in high speed railway external power supply design, based on probability reasoning bayesian network applied in high-speed railway external power supply reliability evaluation, establish the minimum cut and the minimum path of bayesian network model, quantitative calculation external power supply system in each element posterior probability, and the example analysis verified the feasibility and correctness of the above method. Using bayesian network bidirection reasoning technology, quantitative calculation the posterior probability of each element in external power supply system, realized the identification of weak link in external power supply. The research methods and the results of the study can be used in the scheme optimization design of high speed railway external power supply.展开更多
The existing literature on innovation concentrates mostly on large industrial firms and high-technology industries,whereas,little attention has been given to agribusiness.Empirical evidence regarding the driving force...The existing literature on innovation concentrates mostly on large industrial firms and high-technology industries,whereas,little attention has been given to agribusiness.Empirical evidence regarding the driving forces behind innovation in agribusinesses in developing countries,China in particular is scarce.This paper helps fill that void.It develops a framework in which innovation results from synergies between internal resources and external networks.This paper applies and tests the framework using 2003-2005 data from a panel survey of 32 leading agribusiness firms in Shandong Province,China.The empirical results indicate the importance of internal resources,external networks and the synergies between them.We find that R&D expenditures and the number of technical employees are internal resources that are both important to product innovation.Surprisingly,management quality is negatively related to the possession of a unique technology and new products as a proportion of all products.It is possible that management quality is associated with more formalization and rigidity in decision-making,hindering creativity and lengthening the new product development cycle.In order to develop innovative products,our results suggest that investing in R&D and hiring more technical staff may be more effective approaches than spending on managerial talent.展开更多
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of different TCM external treatment combined with azithromycin in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: The keywords and free words were combined to s...Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of different TCM external treatment combined with azithromycin in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: The keywords and free words were combined to search the literatures of clinical randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials on the effects of TCM external treatment combined with azithromycin in the treatment of children with MPP in CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wan Fang Date, PubMed, Sciencedirect and Google Academic Database. The search time limit is from August 2019. After two independent reviewers selected the literature, extracted data and literature quality evaluation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the ADDI software, RevMan5.3 and stata14.0 software were used for mesh meta-analysis. Results: A total of 18 randomized controlled literatures were included, involving 1536 children with MPP, 6 Chinese medicine external treatment methods (ultra-short wave, acupoint application, cupping, enema, Chinese medicine patch, massage). The results of mesh meta-analysis showed that treatment In terms of MPP efficiency, ultrashort wave, acupoint application, cupping, enema, Chinese medicine patch, massage combined with azithromycin treatment is more effective than azithromycin alone, and the probability distribution shows that the Chinese medicine patch combined with azithromycin treatment is the best solution (P= 0.34). In the reduction of adverse reactions, because the ultrashort wave and traditional Chinese medicine patch literature did not mention the non-performing rate, this study only analyzed the other four external treatment methods, acupoint application, cupping, enema, massage combined with azithromycin is better than single With azithromycin, the probability distribution showed that the probability of massage combined with azithromycin was the best (P=0.67). Conclusion: In terms of efficiency and reduction of adverse reactions, each Chinese medicine external treatment combined with azithromycin has an advantage over single azithromycin. Probability distribution shows that in the treatment of MPP efficiency, Chinese medicine patch + Achi > ultrashort wave + AZM > enema + AZM > cupping + AZM > massage + Aqi, Chinese medicine patch + azithromycin program is the optimal program;In terms of reducing adverse reactions, massage + AZM > enema + AZM > acupressure application + AZM > cupping +AZM.展开更多
China Datang Group Company attaches great importance to information security and has formulated a security strategy of "dual networks, dual computers, sub-zones, hierarchical protection and multi-layer defense&qu...China Datang Group Company attaches great importance to information security and has formulated a security strategy of "dual networks, dual computers, sub-zones, hierarchical protection and multi-layer defense" to strengthen network border security and divide the management information network into an information internal network and an information external network, Logical strong isolation policy is used between information internal and external networks, and information internal and external networks use physical isolation and independent server and desktop computer respectively. According to the transformation of internal and external network isolation in Bikou Power Plant, some problems and solutions of internal and external network isolation in some power enterprises are understood.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Shaanxi Province:Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Cerebral Hemorrhage with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and Research on its Therapeutic Mechanisms(No.2019ZDLSF04-06-01)the National Key Research and Development Plan Project:Development and Implementation of a Clinical Research Information Sharing System for Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2017YFC1703500,No.2017YFC1703502)the Discipline Innovation Team Building Project of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine:Innovative Research Team for the Construction of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Cerebrovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment System and Its Clinical Application(No.2019-YL15)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of 7 commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training in improving limb function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage through a network Meta-analysis.METHODS:A computer-based search was conducted in 8 databases,including China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Wanfang Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database,Pub Med,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Scopus,and Embase,from their inception until February 19,2023.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating the effectiveness of the combined use of 7 commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training in improving limb function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage were included.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data from the included studies,and performed quality assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration's standards.The software Stata 17.0 was used to create a network evidence graph for each combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training,and to generate a publication bias funnel plot.Network Meta-analysis was conducted using Rev Man 5.3 to assess the risk of bias in the included studies,with mean difference(MD)used for continuous variables and odds ratio(OR)used for dichotomous variables.If there was good consistency among the included studies(P>0.05),a consistency model was applied for data analysis.If there was poor consistency among the included studies(P<0.05),an inconsistency model was used.RESULTS:A total of 27 studies involving 2113 patients with limb dysfunction caused by cerebral hemorrhage were included.The results of the network Meta-analysis indicated that the combined use of 7 Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment methods and rehabilitation training was more effective in improving limb function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage compared to rehabilitation training alone.In terms of improving simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)scores,the effectiveness ranking was as follows:acupuncture+rehabilitation training>Acupoint sticking therapy+rehabilitation training>massage+rehabilitation training>electroacupuncture+rehabilitation training>moxibustion+rehabilitation training>Traditional Chinese Medicine therapy+rehabilitation training>Chinese herbal fumigation+rehabilitation training.In terms of improving Barthel Index(BI)scores,the effectiveness ranking was as follows:electroacupuncture+rehabilitation training>Acupoint sticking therapy+rehabilitation training>acupuncture+rehabilitation training>massage+rehabilitation training>moxibustion+rehabilitation training>Traditional Chinese Medicine fumigation+rehabilitation training>Traditional Chinese Medicine therapy+rehabilitation training.CONCLUSION:Based on existing literature evidence,our findings suggest the following:(a)The combination of the seven commonly used external treatment methods with rehabilitation training is superior to using rehabilitation training alone for the treatment of hemiplegia resulting from cerebral hemorrhage.(b)In terms of improving FMA scores,the combination of acupuncture and rehabilitation training shows the most significant effectiveness.(c)In terms of improving BI scores,the combination of electro-acupuncture and rehabilitation training demonstrates the most significant effectiveness.Therefore,we still need more multicenter,large-sample,high-quality randomized controlled trials to further validate the findings of this study.
基金Supported by The Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou,No.202102010171National Natural Science Foundation。
文摘BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate that significantly affects patient prognosis.Postoperative adjuvant external radiation therapy(RT)has been shown to effectively prevent recurrence after liver cancer resection.However,there are multiple RT techniques available,and the differ-ential effects of these techniques in preventing postoperative liver cancer re-currence require further investigation.AIM To assess the advantages and disadvantages of various adjuvant external RT methods after liver resection based on overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)and to determine the optimal strategy.METHODS This study involved network meta-analyses and followed the PRISMA guidelines.The data of qualified studies published before July 10,2023,were collected from PubMed,Embase,the Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.We included relevant studies on postoperative external beam RT after liver resection that had OS and DFS as the primary endpoints.The magnitudes of the effects were determined using risk ratios with 95%confidential intervals.The results were analyzed using R software and STATA software.RESULTS A total of 12 studies,including 1265 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after liver resection,were included in this study.There was no significant heterogeneity in the direct paired comparisons,and there were no significant differences in the inclusion or exclusion criteria,intervention measures,or outcome indicators,meeting the assumptions of heterogeneity and transitivity.OS analysis revealed that patients who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)after resection had longer OS than those who underwent intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)or 3-dimensional conformal RT(3D-CRT).DFS analysis revealed that patients who underwent 3D-CRT after resection had the longest DFS.Patients who underwent IMRT after resection had longer OS than those who underwent 3D-CRT and longer DFS than those who underwent SBRT.CONCLUSION HCC patients who undergo liver cancer resection must consider distinct advantages and disadvantages when choosing between SBRT and 3D-CRT.IMRT,a RT technique that is associated with longer OS than 3D-CRT and longer DFS than SBRT,may be a preferred option.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41971167)Fundamental Scientific Research Funds of Central China Normal University (No.CCNU22JC0262022CXZZ005)。
文摘Urban shrinkage is a global phenomenon,and it will coexist with urban growth for many years.At the same time,the network connection between cities continuously improved due to the construction of the transportation and information networks.However,the relationship between urban network externalities and urban population growth/shrinkage remains unclear.Therefore,based on high-speed railway(HSR)flow data,a spatial econometric model is used to explore the mechanism behind urban population growth and shrinkage from the perspective of network externalities in China.The results indicate that:1)the urban network experiences a certain clubbing effect.Growing cities that are strongly connected are concentrated along China’s main railway lines and the southeastern coastal areas,while shrinking cities that are weakly connected are distributed at the periphery of the network.2)Moreover,the network externality disregards spatial distance and together with the agglomeration externality influences the growth and shrinking of cities.3)Urban economic development still promotes the development of Chinese cities.However,the improvement of the urban economy has a negative cross-regional spillover effect on neighboring cities due to urban competition.4)Lastly,Local spillovers of urban network externalities are positive,while cross-regional ones are negative.Consequently,the government needs to promote the construction of multi-dimensional network connections between cities to promote cities’sustainable development.This study reveals the relationship between urban network externalities and urban development,enriches the theories of network externalities and urban growth/shrinkage,and provides a reference for regional coordinated development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71501094)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.15BJY160)
文摘With the advent of Internet financial innovation,many commercial banks quietly have started to enter into the Ecommercial in order to prevent oligarchs from eroding financial market.From the perspective of industrial division,this paper reveals the nature of a phenomenon that E-commercial enterprises and banks have stepped into each other's field,which E-commerce of banks can give full play to network effects.Then it uses game theory to analyze the motions of banks to involve into E-commerce and the short-term competitive equilibrium of large incumbent Ecommercial enterprises as well.For individual rationality,the dominant strategy of banks and E-commercial enterprises is(enter,counterattack).Considering network externalities,it constructs a competing model on banks and incumbent E-commercial enterprises and simulates competitive trends and balanced results of their behaviors,which illustrates that banks can obtain network effect after choosing E-commerce strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62376105,12101208,and 61906072)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2662022XXQD001).
文摘This paper proposes a novel multivalued recurrent neural network model driven by external inputs,along with two innovative learning algorithms.By incorporating a multivalued activation function,the proposed model can achieve multivalued many-to-one associative memory,and the newly developed algorithms enable effective storage of many-to-one patterns in the coefficient matrix while maintaining the indispensability of inputs in many-to-one associative memory.The proposed learning algorithm addresses a critical limitation of existing models which fail to ensure completely erroneous outputs when facing partial input missing in many-to-one associative memory tasks.The methodology is rigorously derived through theoretical analysis,incorporating comprehensive verification of both the existence and global exponential stability of equilibrium points.Demonstrative examples are provided in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed theory.
基金Supported by Shanghai Putuo District Science and Technology R&D Platform Project(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch through the application of network pharmacology.[Methods]The HIT 2.0 database and the TCMSP database were utilized to identify and gather the active ingredients and corresponding action targets of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch.Cytoscape software was utilized to create network diagrams and analyze the primary active ingredients and action targets of the herbal patch formulation.Gene Ontology(GO)functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis of the identified action targets were conducted using the DAVID database.The SymMap database was utilized to analyze the network information pertaining to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),syndromes and the associated symptoms of the medicinal plants found in the Chinese herbal patch.[Results]The network pharmacological analysis suggested that the primary Chinese herbal ingredients of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch may include Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata,Fructus Aurantii,Cyperi Rhizoma,Radix Codonopsis,etc.The primary active ingredients may include quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,fisetin,nobiletin,naringenin,isosinensetin,baicalin,etc.These ingredients exhibited a protective effect on the intestinal tract and were advantageous in the regulation of abnormal intestinal function.The primary targets of action included PTGS2,CASP3,HSP90AA1,PTGS1,AKT1,and MMP9.The active ingredients of the Dangshen Xiangfu Chinese herbal patch may exert a regulatory effect on gastrointestinal inflammation by interacting with the pertinent targets within the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,the IL-17 signaling pathway,and other related pathways in the body.The principal symptoms associated with this condition may include qi stagnation,qi deficiency,and food accumulation.[Conclusions]This study offers a framework for analyzing the efficacy and mechanisms of action of external preparations derived from medicinal plants.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673106)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20171362)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242019K40024)
文摘This paper proposes a new distributed formation flight protocol for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to perform coordinated circular tracking around a set of circles on a target sphere.Different from the previous results limited in bidirectional networks and disturbance-free motions,this paper handles the circular formation flight control problem with both directed network and spatiotemporal disturbance with the knowledge of its upper bound.Distinguishing from the design of a common Lyapunov fiunction for bidirectional cases,we separately design the control for the circular tracking subsystem and the formation keeping subsystem with the circular tracking error as input.Then the whole control system is regarded as a cascade connection of these two subsystems,which is proved to be stable by input-tostate stability(ISS)theory.For the purpose of encountering the external disturbance,the backstepping technology is introduced to design the control inputs of each UAV pointing to North and Down along the special sphere(say,the circular tracking control algorithm)with the help of the switching function.Meanwhile,the distributed linear consensus protocol integrated with anther switching anti-interference item is developed to construct the control input of each UAV pointing to east along the special sphere(say,the formation keeping control law)for formation keeping.The validity of the proposed control law is proved both in the rigorous theory and through numerical simulations.
基金supported by the Nation Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.61462042 and No.61966018.
文摘Traffic flow prediction is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Accurate multi-step traffic flow prediction plays an important role in improving the operational efficiency of the traffic network. Since traffic flow data has complex spatio-temporal correlation and non-linearity, existing prediction methods are mainly accomplished through a combination of a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and a recurrent neural network. The combination strategy has an excellent performance in traffic prediction tasks. However, multi-step prediction error accumulates with the predicted step size. Some scholars use multiple sampling sequences to achieve more accurate prediction results. But it requires high hardware conditions and multiplied training time. Considering the spatiotemporal correlation of traffic flow and influence of external factors, we propose an Attention Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network considering External Factors (ABSTGCN-EF) for multi-step traffic flow prediction. This model models the traffic flow as diffusion on a digraph and extracts the spatial characteristics of traffic flow through GCN. We add meaningful time-slots attention to the encoder-decoder to form an Attention Encoder Network (AEN) to handle temporal correlation. The attention vector is used as a competitive choice to draw the correlation between predicted states and historical states. We considered the impact of three external factors (daytime, weekdays, and traffic accident markers) on the traffic flow prediction tasks. Experiments on two public data sets show that it makes sense to consider external factors. The prediction performance of our ABSTGCN-EF model achieves 7.2%–8.7% higher than the state-of-the-art baselines.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC0809300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51806247)+2 种基金the Key Technology Project of Petro China Co Ltd.(Grant No.ZLZX2020-05)the Foundation of Sinopec(Grant No.320034)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462020YXZZ052)
文摘Buried natural gas pipelines are vulnerable to external corrosion because they are encased in a soil environment for a long time.Identifying the causes of external corrosion and taking specific maintenance measures is essential.In this work,a risk analysis and maintenance decision-making model for natural gas pipelines with external corrosion is proposed based on a Bayesian network.A fault tree model is first employed to identify the causes of external corrosion.The Bayesian network for risk analysis is determined accordingly.The maintenance strategies are then inserted into the Bayesian network to show a reduction of the risk.The costs of maintenance strategies and the reduced risk after maintenance are combined in an optimization function to build a decision-making model.Because of the limitations of historical data,some of the parameters in the Bayesian network are obtained from a probabilistic estimation model,which combines expert experience and fuzzy set theory.Finally,a case study is carried out to verify the feasibility of the maintenance decision model.This indicates that the method proposed in this work can be used to provide effective maintenance schemes for different pipeline external corrosion scenarios and to reduce the possible losses caused by external corrosion.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11372170,11471150,41465002)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(31920130003)
文摘Reliability evaluation is important in high speed railway external power supply design, based on probability reasoning bayesian network applied in high-speed railway external power supply reliability evaluation, establish the minimum cut and the minimum path of bayesian network model, quantitative calculation external power supply system in each element posterior probability, and the example analysis verified the feasibility and correctness of the above method. Using bayesian network bidirection reasoning technology, quantitative calculation the posterior probability of each element in external power supply system, realized the identification of weak link in external power supply. The research methods and the results of the study can be used in the scheme optimization design of high speed railway external power supply.
文摘The existing literature on innovation concentrates mostly on large industrial firms and high-technology industries,whereas,little attention has been given to agribusiness.Empirical evidence regarding the driving forces behind innovation in agribusinesses in developing countries,China in particular is scarce.This paper helps fill that void.It develops a framework in which innovation results from synergies between internal resources and external networks.This paper applies and tests the framework using 2003-2005 data from a panel survey of 32 leading agribusiness firms in Shandong Province,China.The empirical results indicate the importance of internal resources,external networks and the synergies between them.We find that R&D expenditures and the number of technical employees are internal resources that are both important to product innovation.Surprisingly,management quality is negatively related to the possession of a unique technology and new products as a proportion of all products.It is possible that management quality is associated with more formalization and rigidity in decision-making,hindering creativity and lengthening the new product development cycle.In order to develop innovative products,our results suggest that investing in R&D and hiring more technical staff may be more effective approaches than spending on managerial talent.
基金NSFC(No.81373687&81874490)Liaoning province"hundreds of thousands of talents project"candidate fund project(No.[2018]47)4Shenyang science and technology innovation program for young and middle-aged talents(No.RC180246).
文摘Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of different TCM external treatment combined with azithromycin in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: The keywords and free words were combined to search the literatures of clinical randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials on the effects of TCM external treatment combined with azithromycin in the treatment of children with MPP in CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wan Fang Date, PubMed, Sciencedirect and Google Academic Database. The search time limit is from August 2019. After two independent reviewers selected the literature, extracted data and literature quality evaluation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the ADDI software, RevMan5.3 and stata14.0 software were used for mesh meta-analysis. Results: A total of 18 randomized controlled literatures were included, involving 1536 children with MPP, 6 Chinese medicine external treatment methods (ultra-short wave, acupoint application, cupping, enema, Chinese medicine patch, massage). The results of mesh meta-analysis showed that treatment In terms of MPP efficiency, ultrashort wave, acupoint application, cupping, enema, Chinese medicine patch, massage combined with azithromycin treatment is more effective than azithromycin alone, and the probability distribution shows that the Chinese medicine patch combined with azithromycin treatment is the best solution (P= 0.34). In the reduction of adverse reactions, because the ultrashort wave and traditional Chinese medicine patch literature did not mention the non-performing rate, this study only analyzed the other four external treatment methods, acupoint application, cupping, enema, massage combined with azithromycin is better than single With azithromycin, the probability distribution showed that the probability of massage combined with azithromycin was the best (P=0.67). Conclusion: In terms of efficiency and reduction of adverse reactions, each Chinese medicine external treatment combined with azithromycin has an advantage over single azithromycin. Probability distribution shows that in the treatment of MPP efficiency, Chinese medicine patch + Achi > ultrashort wave + AZM > enema + AZM > cupping + AZM > massage + Aqi, Chinese medicine patch + azithromycin program is the optimal program;In terms of reducing adverse reactions, massage + AZM > enema + AZM > acupressure application + AZM > cupping +AZM.
文摘China Datang Group Company attaches great importance to information security and has formulated a security strategy of "dual networks, dual computers, sub-zones, hierarchical protection and multi-layer defense" to strengthen network border security and divide the management information network into an information internal network and an information external network, Logical strong isolation policy is used between information internal and external networks, and information internal and external networks use physical isolation and independent server and desktop computer respectively. According to the transformation of internal and external network isolation in Bikou Power Plant, some problems and solutions of internal and external network isolation in some power enterprises are understood.
