This paper reports on the performance evaluation of a novel latching-type electromagnetic actuator which is designed to be embedded at selected joints along single-port laparoscopic surgical instruments (SLS). The aim...This paper reports on the performance evaluation of a novel latching-type electromagnetic actuator which is designed to be embedded at selected joints along single-port laparoscopic surgical instruments (SLS). The aim of this actuator is to allow these instruments to become articulated with a push of a button in order to provide the optimum angulation required during SLS operations. This new actuator is comprised of electromagnetic coil elements, soft magnetic frames and a permanent magnet. Unlike conventional electromagnetic actuators, latching-type electromagnetic actuators could maintain their positions at either end of the actuation stroke without any power application requirement. In the current design, magnetic attraction forces initiated between the permanent magnet and the magnetic frame are utilised to lock the position of the actuator whilst a certain angulation position of the actuator is achieved as a result of the magnetic repulsion forces established between the permanent magnet and the coil elements. The performance of the new actuator in terms of the output force, maximum angulation and patient’s safety, was evaluated experimentally and the results were found to compare well with those acquired numerically using finite element methods. This actuator was seen to exhibit sufficient actuation forces and hence, it was capable of providing adaptable angulation characteristics for SLS tools. Finally, thermal evaluation of the actuator’s operation was conducted, which was found to be within safety limits specified by clinicians.展开更多
The design of a new type of latching voltage comparator ZJ03 is described.Thecommon voltage comparators consist of multistage DC amplifiers,for which it is difficult to realizehigh speed and high precision.The ZJ03 co...The design of a new type of latching voltage comparator ZJ03 is described.Thecommon voltage comparators consist of multistage DC amplifiers,for which it is difficult to realizehigh speed and high precision.The ZJ03 comparator contains a controlled positive feedbackamplifier.Therefore,it is capable of realizing high speed and high precision.For improving theperformance and producibility,the tolerance extension,design centering and potential adaptingtechniques are used in the design of comparator ZJ03.展开更多
The latching control represents an attractive alternative to increase the power absorption of wave energy converters(WECs)by tuning the phase of oscillator velocity to the wave excitation phase.However,increasing the ...The latching control represents an attractive alternative to increase the power absorption of wave energy converters(WECs)by tuning the phase of oscillator velocity to the wave excitation phase.However,increasing the amplitude of motion of the floating body is not the only challenge to obtain a good performance of the WEC.It also depends on the efficiency of the power take-off system(PTO).This study aims to address the actual power performance and operation of a heaving point absorber with a direct mechanical drive PTO system controlled by latching.The PTO characteristics,such as the gear ratio,the flywheel inertia,and the electric generator,are analyzed in the WEC performance.Three cylindrical point absorbers are also considered in the present study.A wave-to-wire model is developed to simulate the coupled hydro-electro-mechanical system in regular waves.The wave energy converter(WEC)performance is analyzed using the potential linear theory but considering the viscous damping effect according to the Morison equation to avoid the overestimated responses of the linear theory near resonance when the latching control system is applied.The latching control system increases the mean power.However,the increase is not significant if the parameters that characterize the WEC provide a considerable mean power.The performance of the proposed mechanical power take-off depends on the gear ratio and flywheel.However,the gear ratio shows a more significant influence than the flywheel inertia.The operating range of the generator and the diameter/draft ratio of the buoy also influence the PTO performance.展开更多
This paper reports that the structures of AlGaAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） and AlAs/GaAs resonant tunnelling diode （RTD） are epitaxially grown by molecular beam epitaxy （MBE） in turn on a G...This paper reports that the structures of AlGaAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） and AlAs/GaAs resonant tunnelling diode （RTD） are epitaxially grown by molecular beam epitaxy （MBE） in turn on a GaAs substrate. An Alo.24Gao.76As chair barrier layer, which is grown adjacent to the top AlAs barrier, helps to reduce the valley current of RTD. The peak-to-valley current ratio of fabricated RTD is 4.8 and the transconductance for the 1-μm gate HEMT is 125mS/mm. A static inverter which consists of two RTDs and a HEMT is designed and fabricated. Unlike a conventional CMOS inverter, the novel inverter exhibits self-latching property.展开更多
针对图像匹配中AKAZE(Accelerated-KAZE)算法匹配精度较低以及计算复杂等问题,提出了一种基于高斯滤波和AKAZE-LATCH(AKAZE-Learned Arrangements of Three Patch Codes)算法相融合的图像匹配算法。首先,对输入图像进行高斯滤波预处理,...针对图像匹配中AKAZE(Accelerated-KAZE)算法匹配精度较低以及计算复杂等问题,提出了一种基于高斯滤波和AKAZE-LATCH(AKAZE-Learned Arrangements of Three Patch Codes)算法相融合的图像匹配算法。首先,对输入图像进行高斯滤波预处理,去除高斯噪声等连续性噪声,并且保留图像的边缘信息。然后通过LATCH算法为AKAZE算法构建高效的二进制描述子,再通过KNN(K Nearest Neighbors)算法得到对应的匹配对。最后结合USAC(Universal RANSAC)去除误匹配对方法进行再次筛选,得到最终的匹配结果。经实验对比,所设计的算法相较于AKAZE算法匹配精度更高,且具有良好的鲁棒性和可靠性,可用于多数复杂场景下的图像匹配。展开更多
The current research of nuclear control rod drive mechanism(CRDM)movable latch only makes a simple measurement of wear mass.The wear volume and difference in various claw surfaces are ignored and the degradation mecha...The current research of nuclear control rod drive mechanism(CRDM)movable latch only makes a simple measurement of wear mass.The wear volume and difference in various claw surfaces are ignored and the degradation mechanism of each claw surface is not clear.In this paper,a detailed degradation analysis was carried out on each claw surface of movable latch combined with wear result and worn morphology.Results indicate that the boundary of carbide is preferred for corrosion because carbide presents a nobler Volta potential compared to the metal matrix or boundary region.Due to the oscillation of drive shaft between the claw surfaces of movable latch,the dominant wear mechanism on the upper surface of claw(USC)and lower surface of claw(LSC)is plastic deformation caused by impact wear.Mechanical impact wear will cause the fragmentation of carbides because of the high hardness and low ductility of carbides.Corrosion promotes the broken carbides to fall off from the metal matrix.The generated fine carbides(abrasive particles)cause extra abrasive wear on USC when the movable brings the drive shaft upward or downward.As a result,USC has a higher wear volume than LSC.This research proposes a method to evaluate the wear on the whole movable latches using a 3D full-size scanner.展开更多
By using the pulsed laser single event effect facility and electro-static discharge （ESD） test system, the characteristics of the ＂high current＂, relation with external stimulus and relevance to impacted modes of ...By using the pulsed laser single event effect facility and electro-static discharge （ESD） test system, the characteristics of the ＂high current＂, relation with external stimulus and relevance to impacted modes of single event latch-up （SEL） and transient-induced latch-up （TLU） are studied, respectively, for a 12-bit complementary metal--oxide semiconductor （CMOS） analog-to-digital converter. Furthermore, the sameness and difference in physical mechanism between ＂high current＂ induced by SEL and that by TLU are disclosed in this paper. The results show that the minority carrier diffusion in the PNPN structure of the CMOS device which initiates the active parasitic NPN and PNP transistors is the common reason for the ＂high current＂ induced by SEL and for that by TLU, However, for SEL, the minority carder diffusion is induced by the ionizing radiation, and an underdamped sinusoidal voltage on the supply node （the ground node） is the cause of the minority carrier diffusion for TLU.展开更多
文摘This paper reports on the performance evaluation of a novel latching-type electromagnetic actuator which is designed to be embedded at selected joints along single-port laparoscopic surgical instruments (SLS). The aim of this actuator is to allow these instruments to become articulated with a push of a button in order to provide the optimum angulation required during SLS operations. This new actuator is comprised of electromagnetic coil elements, soft magnetic frames and a permanent magnet. Unlike conventional electromagnetic actuators, latching-type electromagnetic actuators could maintain their positions at either end of the actuation stroke without any power application requirement. In the current design, magnetic attraction forces initiated between the permanent magnet and the magnetic frame are utilised to lock the position of the actuator whilst a certain angulation position of the actuator is achieved as a result of the magnetic repulsion forces established between the permanent magnet and the coil elements. The performance of the new actuator in terms of the output force, maximum angulation and patient’s safety, was evaluated experimentally and the results were found to compare well with those acquired numerically using finite element methods. This actuator was seen to exhibit sufficient actuation forces and hence, it was capable of providing adaptable angulation characteristics for SLS tools. Finally, thermal evaluation of the actuator’s operation was conducted, which was found to be within safety limits specified by clinicians.
文摘The design of a new type of latching voltage comparator ZJ03 is described.Thecommon voltage comparators consist of multistage DC amplifiers,for which it is difficult to realizehigh speed and high precision.The ZJ03 comparator contains a controlled positive feedbackamplifier.Therefore,it is capable of realizing high speed and high precision.For improving theperformance and producibility,the tolerance extension,design centering and potential adaptingtechniques are used in the design of comparator ZJ03.
基金The authors acknowledge the support from the Brazilian Research Council(CNPq),contract numbers 380950/2018-9(INEOF-National Institute for Ocean and River Energy)and 305657/2017-8,respectivelySpecial thanks to FAPERJ for the support of the wave energy research at the Subsea Technology Lab(COPPE),contract number E-26/202.600/2019。
文摘The latching control represents an attractive alternative to increase the power absorption of wave energy converters(WECs)by tuning the phase of oscillator velocity to the wave excitation phase.However,increasing the amplitude of motion of the floating body is not the only challenge to obtain a good performance of the WEC.It also depends on the efficiency of the power take-off system(PTO).This study aims to address the actual power performance and operation of a heaving point absorber with a direct mechanical drive PTO system controlled by latching.The PTO characteristics,such as the gear ratio,the flywheel inertia,and the electric generator,are analyzed in the WEC performance.Three cylindrical point absorbers are also considered in the present study.A wave-to-wire model is developed to simulate the coupled hydro-electro-mechanical system in regular waves.The wave energy converter(WEC)performance is analyzed using the potential linear theory but considering the viscous damping effect according to the Morison equation to avoid the overestimated responses of the linear theory near resonance when the latching control system is applied.The latching control system increases the mean power.However,the increase is not significant if the parameters that characterize the WEC provide a considerable mean power.The performance of the proposed mechanical power take-off depends on the gear ratio and flywheel.However,the gear ratio shows a more significant influence than the flywheel inertia.The operating range of the generator and the diameter/draft ratio of the buoy also influence the PTO performance.
文摘This paper reports that the structures of AlGaAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） and AlAs/GaAs resonant tunnelling diode （RTD） are epitaxially grown by molecular beam epitaxy （MBE） in turn on a GaAs substrate. An Alo.24Gao.76As chair barrier layer, which is grown adjacent to the top AlAs barrier, helps to reduce the valley current of RTD. The peak-to-valley current ratio of fabricated RTD is 4.8 and the transconductance for the 1-μm gate HEMT is 125mS/mm. A static inverter which consists of two RTDs and a HEMT is designed and fabricated. Unlike a conventional CMOS inverter, the novel inverter exhibits self-latching property.
文摘针对图像匹配中AKAZE(Accelerated-KAZE)算法匹配精度较低以及计算复杂等问题,提出了一种基于高斯滤波和AKAZE-LATCH(AKAZE-Learned Arrangements of Three Patch Codes)算法相融合的图像匹配算法。首先,对输入图像进行高斯滤波预处理,去除高斯噪声等连续性噪声,并且保留图像的边缘信息。然后通过LATCH算法为AKAZE算法构建高效的二进制描述子,再通过KNN(K Nearest Neighbors)算法得到对应的匹配对。最后结合USAC(Universal RANSAC)去除误匹配对方法进行再次筛选,得到最终的匹配结果。经实验对比,所设计的算法相较于AKAZE算法匹配精度更高,且具有良好的鲁棒性和可靠性,可用于多数复杂场景下的图像匹配。
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2019ZDZX0001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2067221)Sichuan Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant No.22JCQN0111).
文摘The current research of nuclear control rod drive mechanism(CRDM)movable latch only makes a simple measurement of wear mass.The wear volume and difference in various claw surfaces are ignored and the degradation mechanism of each claw surface is not clear.In this paper,a detailed degradation analysis was carried out on each claw surface of movable latch combined with wear result and worn morphology.Results indicate that the boundary of carbide is preferred for corrosion because carbide presents a nobler Volta potential compared to the metal matrix or boundary region.Due to the oscillation of drive shaft between the claw surfaces of movable latch,the dominant wear mechanism on the upper surface of claw(USC)and lower surface of claw(LSC)is plastic deformation caused by impact wear.Mechanical impact wear will cause the fragmentation of carbides because of the high hardness and low ductility of carbides.Corrosion promotes the broken carbides to fall off from the metal matrix.The generated fine carbides(abrasive particles)cause extra abrasive wear on USC when the movable brings the drive shaft upward or downward.As a result,USC has a higher wear volume than LSC.This research proposes a method to evaluate the wear on the whole movable latches using a 3D full-size scanner.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41304148)
文摘By using the pulsed laser single event effect facility and electro-static discharge （ESD） test system, the characteristics of the ＂high current＂, relation with external stimulus and relevance to impacted modes of single event latch-up （SEL） and transient-induced latch-up （TLU） are studied, respectively, for a 12-bit complementary metal--oxide semiconductor （CMOS） analog-to-digital converter. Furthermore, the sameness and difference in physical mechanism between ＂high current＂ induced by SEL and that by TLU are disclosed in this paper. The results show that the minority carrier diffusion in the PNPN structure of the CMOS device which initiates the active parasitic NPN and PNP transistors is the common reason for the ＂high current＂ induced by SEL and for that by TLU, However, for SEL, the minority carder diffusion is induced by the ionizing radiation, and an underdamped sinusoidal voltage on the supply node （the ground node） is the cause of the minority carrier diffusion for TLU.
