Objective： The aim of the present study was to investigate Chinese nurses＇ perception of risk factors for phlebitis. Methods： A convenience sample of hospital nurses was recruited in Beijing, China. Data were colle...Objective： The aim of the present study was to investigate Chinese nurses＇ perception of risk factors for phlebitis. Methods： A convenience sample of hospital nurses was recruited in Beijing, China. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and a questionnaire measuring nurses＇ perception of risk factors for infusion phlebitis. Results： It was found that knowledge of risk factors for infusion phlebitis was incomplete, even among experienced nurses in the study participants. A high rate of incorrect answers to questions about the [oH of fluid （89.9%）, gauze or polyurethane catheter dressings （79.1%）, and steel needles for drug infusion （76.3%） was observed. Conclusions： These findings suggest that nurses should be trained about the risk factors for infusion phlebitis.展开更多
Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate str...Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children un-der 5 years of age in Kersa district, located in Eastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1456 randomly selected households with at least one child under 5 years of age. A questionnaire and an observational check list were used for col-lecting information on socio-economic charac-teristics, environmental hygiene and behavioral practices, and occurrence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age. Logistic regres-sion was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio of 95% confidence interval. The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age was 22.5% (95% CI: 20.3-24.6). Improper refuse disposal practices (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.20-4.03), lack of hand washing facilities (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.29-2.86), living in rural area (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-3.31), the presence of two or more siblings in a household (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.33-2.28), and age of the child (OR= 2.25, 95% CI;1.5-3.36) were the major risk factors for diarrhea. This study demonstrated that diarrhea morbidity was relatively high among children under 5 years of age residing in Eastern Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhea should focus on improving household sanitation, personal hygiene, and child birth spacing.展开更多
Using digital laser dynamic caustics experimental system and conducting simulation experiment researched the influence rule of blasting excavation of a new roadway on neighboring existed different cross-section roadwa...Using digital laser dynamic caustics experimental system and conducting simulation experiment researched the influence rule of blasting excavation of a new roadway on neighboring existed different cross-section roadways. The experimental results show that the influence of blast load on adjacent roadway has a good relationship with the cross-section of roadway. The expansion distance of precrack existed in circular, arch-wall, rectangular roadway is respectively 1.76, 1.61 and 0 cm under blast load.At the same time, the direct-blast side of rectangular roadway has more obvious damage compared with circular and arch-wall roadway. It explains that plane reflects more stress wave than arc, so that it exerts more tensile failure in the direct-blast side, which leads to less stress wave diffracting to the precrack in the back-blast side. When the precrack extends, higher value dynamic stress intensity factor in circular roadway works longer than that of arch-wall roadway. Indirectly, it explains that plane's weakening function on stress wave is significantly stronger than arc. Stress wave brings about self-evident influence on the upper and bottom endpoints of the rectangular roadway, and it respectively extends 1.03, 2.06 cm along the line link direction of the center of the blasthole and the upper and bottom endpoints on the right wall.展开更多
In this review, we highlight some recent methodological and theoretical develop- ments in estimation and testing of large panel data models with cross-sectional dependence. The paper begins with a discussion of issues...In this review, we highlight some recent methodological and theoretical develop- ments in estimation and testing of large panel data models with cross-sectional dependence. The paper begins with a discussion of issues of cross-sectional dependence, and introduces the concepts of weak and strong cross-sectional dependence. Then, the main attention is primarily paid to spatial and factor approaches for modeling cross-sectional dependence for both linear and nonlinear （nonparametric and semiparametric） panel data models. Finally, we conclude with some speculations on future research directions.展开更多
We estimate the electromagnetic form factor of the transverse part of cross section σTand provide a correction for the electromagnetic form factor of the longitudinal component of cross section σLfor the charged pio...We estimate the electromagnetic form factor of the transverse part of cross section σTand provide a correction for the electromagnetic form factor of the longitudinal component of cross section σLfor the charged pion within the frame work of hadronic operator. To achieve this, we consider a slightly deformed curve deviating from a straight line and construct a set of differential equations by comparing them to the equation determining charged pion wave function in a straight line case. By solving these equations, we employ the Fourier transform of these wave functions.展开更多
目的了解护理本科生完成能力现状,分析不同完成能力护理本科生的潜在特征,探索不同剖面护理本科生完成能力的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2023年9—11月选取14所高校的护理本科生作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、护理学生完成能...目的了解护理本科生完成能力现状,分析不同完成能力护理本科生的潜在特征,探索不同剖面护理本科生完成能力的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2023年9—11月选取14所高校的护理本科生作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、护理学生完成能力量表(nursing students competence instrument,NSCI)、护理学生元认知能力量表(metacognitive inventory for nursing students,MINS)和感知校园氛围量表(perceived school climate scale,PSCS)进行调查,对护理本科生完成能力得分进行潜在剖面分析,通过单因素分析和多元logistic回归分析探索不同类别护理本科生完成能力的特征。结果本研究共回收有效问卷775份,回收有效率为96.15%。护理本科生的完成能力平均得分为(171.17±44.30)分,其特征可分为人文素养缺失型(10.8%)、均衡发展型(51.8%)和主动作为型(37.4%)3个类别;回归分析结果显示,学校类型、年级、是否接触过项目式学习(project-based learning,PBL)教学、元认知能力和感知校园氛围是护理本科生完成能力的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论护理本科生完成能力处于中等水平,但存在异质性。护理教育者应重点关注人文素养缺失型的学生,提供职业规划指导和人文关怀相关课程,提升学生综合素养。同时也应为均衡发展型和主动作为型学生提供心理支持和良好的学习平台,从而在整体层面提升护理本科生的完成能力。展开更多
Introduction HIV serostatus disclosure has become an entry criterion for prevention of sexual partners spread, so we aimed to examine the prevalence of disclosure and associated factors among people living with HIV / ...Introduction HIV serostatus disclosure has become an entry criterion for prevention of sexual partners spread, so we aimed to examine the prevalence of disclosure and associated factors among people living with HIV / AIDS( PLWHA) in Liuzhou City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,southern China. Methods The PLWHA with marital or regular sexual relationship were eligible for our study,and a self-designed questionnaire was assigned to all the conveniently sampled participants. Determinants of disclosure were analyzed using chi-square test and binary Logistic regression. Results A total of 425 PLWHA were included in the present study. Two hundred and forty-five( 57. 6%) disclosed their HIV-positive status to their spouses / regular sexual partners,while 180( 42. 4%) did not. Among the 245 informed spouses / regular sexual partners,236( 96. 3%) had received the HIV testing and the positive rate was 50. 4%. While among the non-in-formed spouses / regular sexual partners,63( 35. 0%) had received the HIV testing and the positive rate was 3. 2%. Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,area,monthly income,HIV / AIDS related knowledge and antiretroviral therapy( ART) were independently associated with HIV serostatus disclosure. Conclusions The disclosure rate was low in this study. As to its influencing factors,it is necessary to provide comprehensive disclosure consulting among PLWHA living in urban,the elderly or high monthly income and emphasize the propaganda on HIV / AIDS related knowledge,expand coverage for antiretroviral therapy, so as to provide scientific reference for promoting HIV disclosure and reducing the HIV incidence of spouses / regular sexual partners among PLWHA.展开更多
文摘Objective： The aim of the present study was to investigate Chinese nurses＇ perception of risk factors for phlebitis. Methods： A convenience sample of hospital nurses was recruited in Beijing, China. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and a questionnaire measuring nurses＇ perception of risk factors for infusion phlebitis. Results： It was found that knowledge of risk factors for infusion phlebitis was incomplete, even among experienced nurses in the study participants. A high rate of incorrect answers to questions about the [oH of fluid （89.9%）, gauze or polyurethane catheter dressings （79.1%）, and steel needles for drug infusion （76.3%） was observed. Conclusions： These findings suggest that nurses should be trained about the risk factors for infusion phlebitis.
文摘Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children un-der 5 years of age in Kersa district, located in Eastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1456 randomly selected households with at least one child under 5 years of age. A questionnaire and an observational check list were used for col-lecting information on socio-economic charac-teristics, environmental hygiene and behavioral practices, and occurrence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age. Logistic regres-sion was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio of 95% confidence interval. The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age was 22.5% (95% CI: 20.3-24.6). Improper refuse disposal practices (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.20-4.03), lack of hand washing facilities (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.29-2.86), living in rural area (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-3.31), the presence of two or more siblings in a household (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.33-2.28), and age of the child (OR= 2.25, 95% CI;1.5-3.36) were the major risk factors for diarrhea. This study demonstrated that diarrhea morbidity was relatively high among children under 5 years of age residing in Eastern Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhea should focus on improving household sanitation, personal hygiene, and child birth spacing.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51274204 and 51134025)National Key Basic Research Program (No. 2010CB732002)The Ministry of Education Program for New Century Excellent Talents to Support Project of China (No. NCET-12-0965)
文摘Using digital laser dynamic caustics experimental system and conducting simulation experiment researched the influence rule of blasting excavation of a new roadway on neighboring existed different cross-section roadways. The experimental results show that the influence of blast load on adjacent roadway has a good relationship with the cross-section of roadway. The expansion distance of precrack existed in circular, arch-wall, rectangular roadway is respectively 1.76, 1.61 and 0 cm under blast load.At the same time, the direct-blast side of rectangular roadway has more obvious damage compared with circular and arch-wall roadway. It explains that plane reflects more stress wave than arc, so that it exerts more tensile failure in the direct-blast side, which leads to less stress wave diffracting to the precrack in the back-blast side. When the precrack extends, higher value dynamic stress intensity factor in circular roadway works longer than that of arch-wall roadway. Indirectly, it explains that plane's weakening function on stress wave is significantly stronger than arc. Stress wave brings about self-evident influence on the upper and bottom endpoints of the rectangular roadway, and it respectively extends 1.03, 2.06 cm along the line link direction of the center of the blasthole and the upper and bottom endpoints on the right wall.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71131008(Key Project)and 71271179)
文摘In this review, we highlight some recent methodological and theoretical develop- ments in estimation and testing of large panel data models with cross-sectional dependence. The paper begins with a discussion of issues of cross-sectional dependence, and introduces the concepts of weak and strong cross-sectional dependence. Then, the main attention is primarily paid to spatial and factor approaches for modeling cross-sectional dependence for both linear and nonlinear （nonparametric and semiparametric） panel data models. Finally, we conclude with some speculations on future research directions.
文摘We estimate the electromagnetic form factor of the transverse part of cross section σTand provide a correction for the electromagnetic form factor of the longitudinal component of cross section σLfor the charged pion within the frame work of hadronic operator. To achieve this, we consider a slightly deformed curve deviating from a straight line and construct a set of differential equations by comparing them to the equation determining charged pion wave function in a straight line case. By solving these equations, we employ the Fourier transform of these wave functions.
文摘目的探索老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者激活水平的潜在剖面分类及其影响因素,并总结护理对策。方法采用便利抽样法,2025年1月—7月选取乌鲁木齐市某三级甲等综合医院呼吸科的349例老年COPD患者为研究对象,采用患者激活水平测量量表(patient activation measure,PAM)、无法忍受不确定性量表(intolerance of uncertainty scale-12,IUS-12)、COPD患者健康素养量表(COPD knowledge questionnaire,COPD-Q)和领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale,PSSS)进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析识别老年COPD患者激活水平的潜在类别,采用多元Logistic回归进一步分析其相关影响因素。结果349例老年COPD患者完成研究。老年COPD患者激活水平得分为(56.7±15.7)分,总体处于中等水平,可分为3个潜在类别:动力薄弱型(41.3%)、认知先导-行动滞后型(45.0%)和自主驱动型(13.7%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,规律锻炼、无法忍受不确定性、健康素养和社会支持是老年COPD患者激活水平不同类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论老年COPD患者激活水平具有明显的分类特征,医护人员可根据不同类别患者的特点及其影响因素实施针对性干预,以提高患者激活水平,助力患者健康行为。
文摘目的了解护理本科生完成能力现状,分析不同完成能力护理本科生的潜在特征,探索不同剖面护理本科生完成能力的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2023年9—11月选取14所高校的护理本科生作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、护理学生完成能力量表(nursing students competence instrument,NSCI)、护理学生元认知能力量表(metacognitive inventory for nursing students,MINS)和感知校园氛围量表(perceived school climate scale,PSCS)进行调查,对护理本科生完成能力得分进行潜在剖面分析,通过单因素分析和多元logistic回归分析探索不同类别护理本科生完成能力的特征。结果本研究共回收有效问卷775份,回收有效率为96.15%。护理本科生的完成能力平均得分为(171.17±44.30)分,其特征可分为人文素养缺失型(10.8%)、均衡发展型(51.8%)和主动作为型(37.4%)3个类别;回归分析结果显示,学校类型、年级、是否接触过项目式学习(project-based learning,PBL)教学、元认知能力和感知校园氛围是护理本科生完成能力的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论护理本科生完成能力处于中等水平,但存在异质性。护理教育者应重点关注人文素养缺失型的学生,提供职业规划指导和人文关怀相关课程,提升学生综合素养。同时也应为均衡发展型和主动作为型学生提供心理支持和良好的学习平台,从而在整体层面提升护理本科生的完成能力。
基金funded by Global Fund for AIDS Project in China(CSO-2012-project 21)project and supported by Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangxi Longtan hospital,The People's Hospital of Liuzhou city,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
文摘Introduction HIV serostatus disclosure has become an entry criterion for prevention of sexual partners spread, so we aimed to examine the prevalence of disclosure and associated factors among people living with HIV / AIDS( PLWHA) in Liuzhou City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,southern China. Methods The PLWHA with marital or regular sexual relationship were eligible for our study,and a self-designed questionnaire was assigned to all the conveniently sampled participants. Determinants of disclosure were analyzed using chi-square test and binary Logistic regression. Results A total of 425 PLWHA were included in the present study. Two hundred and forty-five( 57. 6%) disclosed their HIV-positive status to their spouses / regular sexual partners,while 180( 42. 4%) did not. Among the 245 informed spouses / regular sexual partners,236( 96. 3%) had received the HIV testing and the positive rate was 50. 4%. While among the non-in-formed spouses / regular sexual partners,63( 35. 0%) had received the HIV testing and the positive rate was 3. 2%. Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,area,monthly income,HIV / AIDS related knowledge and antiretroviral therapy( ART) were independently associated with HIV serostatus disclosure. Conclusions The disclosure rate was low in this study. As to its influencing factors,it is necessary to provide comprehensive disclosure consulting among PLWHA living in urban,the elderly or high monthly income and emphasize the propaganda on HIV / AIDS related knowledge,expand coverage for antiretroviral therapy, so as to provide scientific reference for promoting HIV disclosure and reducing the HIV incidence of spouses / regular sexual partners among PLWHA.
