Experimental evidence is presented relevant to the angular dependences of multiple-bit upset （MBU） rates and patterns in static random access memories （SRAMs） under heavy ion irradiation. The single event upset （...Experimental evidence is presented relevant to the angular dependences of multiple-bit upset （MBU） rates and patterns in static random access memories （SRAMs） under heavy ion irradiation. The single event upset （SEU） cross sections under tilted ion strikes are overestimated by 23.9%-84.6%, compared with under normally incident ion with the equivalent linear energy transfer （LET） value of 41 MeV/（mg/cm2）, which can be partially explained by the fact that the MBU rate for tilted ions of 30° is 8.5%-9.8% higher than for normally incident ions. While at a lower LET of - 9.5 MeV/（mg/cm2）, no clear discrepancy is observed. Moreover, since the ion trajectories at normal and tilted incidences are different, the predominant double-bit upset （DBU） patterns measured are different in both conditions. Those differences depend on the LET values of heavy ions and devices under test. Thus, effective LET method should be used carefully in ground-based testing of single event effects （SEE） sensitivity, especially in MBU-sensitive devices.展开更多
Seismic while drilling （SWD） is an emerging horehole seismic imaging technique that uses the downhole drill-bit vibrations as seismic source. Without interrupting drilling, SWD technique can make near-real-time imag...Seismic while drilling （SWD） is an emerging horehole seismic imaging technique that uses the downhole drill-bit vibrations as seismic source. Without interrupting drilling, SWD technique can make near-real-time images of the rock formations ahead of the bit and optimize drilling operation, with reduction of costs and the risk of drilling. However, the signal to noise ratio （SNR） of surface SWD-data is severely low for the surface acquisition of SWD data. Here, we propose a new method to retrieve the drill-bit signal from the surface data recorded by an array of broadband seismometers. Taking advantages of wavefield analysis, different types of noises are identified and removed from the surface SWD-data, resulting in the significant improvement of SNR. We also optimally synthesize seis- mic response of the bit source, using a statistical cross-coherence analysis to further improve the SNR and retrieve both the drill-bit direct arrivals and reflections which are then used to establish a reverse vertical seismic profile （RVSP） data set for the continuous drilling depth. The subsurface images derived from these data compare well with the corresponding images of the three-dimension surface seismic survey cross the well.展开更多
This paper presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) access control algorithm designed to minimize WSN node energy consumption. Based on slotted ALOHA protocol, this algorithm incorporates the power control of physical...This paper presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) access control algorithm designed to minimize WSN node energy consumption. Based on slotted ALOHA protocol, this algorithm incorporates the power control of physical layer, the transmitting probability of medium access control (MAC) layer, and the automatic repeat request (ARQ) of link layer. In this algorithm, a cross-layer optimization is preformed to minimizing the energy consuming per bit. Through theory deducing, the transmitting probability and transmitting power level is determined, and the relationship between energy consuming per bit and throughput per node is provided. Analytical results show that the cross-layer algorithm results in a significant energy savings relative to layered design subject to the same throughput per node, and the energy saving is extraordinary in the low throughput region.展开更多
目的为了解决当前混沌图像加密技术忽略了随机序列产生的时间延迟现象,且难以克服其自身迭代的周期性,使其序列的自相关性不理想,导致密文安全性不佳等问题。方法引入级联耦合混沌半导体环形激光器,设计基于物理随机位生成器与混沌像素...目的为了解决当前混沌图像加密技术忽略了随机序列产生的时间延迟现象,且难以克服其自身迭代的周期性,使其序列的自相关性不理想,导致密文安全性不佳等问题。方法引入级联耦合混沌半导体环形激光器,设计基于物理随机位生成器与混沌像素交叉互换的图像加密算法。首先引入SHA-256散列函数,利用明文像素值,生成一个256位的密钥,并将其分割为一系列的8位子密钥;利用这些子密钥来计算Logistic-Sine复合映射的初始条件,以输出一组随机序列;根据混沌序列,定义像素交叉互换机制,对输入明文进行预处理,消除相邻像素之间的相关性;基于级联耦合混沌半导体环形激光器,充分利用其自身的时间延迟与交叉反馈的特性,设计物理随机位生成器,以同步输出考虑时间延迟的控制矩阵与随机位流;将Logistic-Sine复合映射输出的混沌序列转换为一个过渡矩阵,联合控制矩阵,定义像素混淆机制,彻底改变明文的像素位置;最后,利用随机位流,设计像素联系扩散函数,改变图像的像素值。结果实验结果显示,与当前混沌加密技术相比,所提算法具有更高的安全性与鲁棒性,能够有效抗击明文攻击,相应的密文熵值约为7.9958,且NPCR(7)Number of Pixel Change Rate(8)、UACI(Unified Average Changing Intensity)分别为99.50%、33.46%。结论所提加密算法具有较高的安全性和抗攻击能力,能够安全保护图像在网络中传输,在信息防伪等领域具有较好的应用价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11179003,10975164,10805062,and 11005134)
文摘Experimental evidence is presented relevant to the angular dependences of multiple-bit upset （MBU） rates and patterns in static random access memories （SRAMs） under heavy ion irradiation. The single event upset （SEU） cross sections under tilted ion strikes are overestimated by 23.9%-84.6%, compared with under normally incident ion with the equivalent linear energy transfer （LET） value of 41 MeV/（mg/cm2）, which can be partially explained by the fact that the MBU rate for tilted ions of 30° is 8.5%-9.8% higher than for normally incident ions. While at a lower LET of - 9.5 MeV/（mg/cm2）, no clear discrepancy is observed. Moreover, since the ion trajectories at normal and tilted incidences are different, the predominant double-bit upset （DBU） patterns measured are different in both conditions. Those differences depend on the LET values of heavy ions and devices under test. Thus, effective LET method should be used carefully in ground-based testing of single event effects （SEE） sensitivity, especially in MBU-sensitive devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41204087,41230318,41204088)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.20120132120030)+1 种基金the National High-Tech R & D Program (No.2013AA092501)the Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Land and Resources of China (No.MRE201303)
文摘Seismic while drilling （SWD） is an emerging horehole seismic imaging technique that uses the downhole drill-bit vibrations as seismic source. Without interrupting drilling, SWD technique can make near-real-time images of the rock formations ahead of the bit and optimize drilling operation, with reduction of costs and the risk of drilling. However, the signal to noise ratio （SNR） of surface SWD-data is severely low for the surface acquisition of SWD data. Here, we propose a new method to retrieve the drill-bit signal from the surface data recorded by an array of broadband seismometers. Taking advantages of wavefield analysis, different types of noises are identified and removed from the surface SWD-data, resulting in the significant improvement of SNR. We also optimally synthesize seis- mic response of the bit source, using a statistical cross-coherence analysis to further improve the SNR and retrieve both the drill-bit direct arrivals and reflections which are then used to establish a reverse vertical seismic profile （RVSP） data set for the continuous drilling depth. The subsurface images derived from these data compare well with the corresponding images of the three-dimension surface seismic survey cross the well.
文摘This paper presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) access control algorithm designed to minimize WSN node energy consumption. Based on slotted ALOHA protocol, this algorithm incorporates the power control of physical layer, the transmitting probability of medium access control (MAC) layer, and the automatic repeat request (ARQ) of link layer. In this algorithm, a cross-layer optimization is preformed to minimizing the energy consuming per bit. Through theory deducing, the transmitting probability and transmitting power level is determined, and the relationship between energy consuming per bit and throughput per node is provided. Analytical results show that the cross-layer algorithm results in a significant energy savings relative to layered design subject to the same throughput per node, and the energy saving is extraordinary in the low throughput region.
文摘目的为了解决当前混沌图像加密技术忽略了随机序列产生的时间延迟现象,且难以克服其自身迭代的周期性,使其序列的自相关性不理想,导致密文安全性不佳等问题。方法引入级联耦合混沌半导体环形激光器,设计基于物理随机位生成器与混沌像素交叉互换的图像加密算法。首先引入SHA-256散列函数,利用明文像素值,生成一个256位的密钥,并将其分割为一系列的8位子密钥;利用这些子密钥来计算Logistic-Sine复合映射的初始条件,以输出一组随机序列;根据混沌序列,定义像素交叉互换机制,对输入明文进行预处理,消除相邻像素之间的相关性;基于级联耦合混沌半导体环形激光器,充分利用其自身的时间延迟与交叉反馈的特性,设计物理随机位生成器,以同步输出考虑时间延迟的控制矩阵与随机位流;将Logistic-Sine复合映射输出的混沌序列转换为一个过渡矩阵,联合控制矩阵,定义像素混淆机制,彻底改变明文的像素位置;最后,利用随机位流,设计像素联系扩散函数,改变图像的像素值。结果实验结果显示,与当前混沌加密技术相比,所提算法具有更高的安全性与鲁棒性,能够有效抗击明文攻击,相应的密文熵值约为7.9958,且NPCR(7)Number of Pixel Change Rate(8)、UACI(Unified Average Changing Intensity)分别为99.50%、33.46%。结论所提加密算法具有较高的安全性和抗攻击能力,能够安全保护图像在网络中传输,在信息防伪等领域具有较好的应用价值。
