Ⅰ In October 2002, Alfred Stingl, the mayor of Graz, Austria (social party, retired in 2003), invited the 14th Dalai Lama to preside over what is known as Kalachakra initiation. For a time, some political dignitaries...Ⅰ In October 2002, Alfred Stingl, the mayor of Graz, Austria (social party, retired in 2003), invited the 14th Dalai Lama to preside over what is known as Kalachakra initiation. For a time, some political dignitaries of Austria defied the protests by China all came on the scene. The governor of the State of Styria and mayor of Graz went in person to greet and fete him. The federal education and culture minister and state secretary for economic affairs all went to Graz to witness the activities by Dalai. Austrian foreign minister also took time out to make a special tour to meet him. The University of Graz went so far as to present Dalai with an honorary certificate. Austrian media all展开更多
抽水蓄能作为电力系统中最为成熟的新能源储能技术,凭借其能调节电网负荷、平衡电力波动及提升系统稳定性的独特优势,已成为实现中国“双碳”目标的重要路径之一。因此,对抽水蓄能电站综合效益进行科学评估,是项目决策及政策制定中至关...抽水蓄能作为电力系统中最为成熟的新能源储能技术,凭借其能调节电网负荷、平衡电力波动及提升系统稳定性的独特优势,已成为实现中国“双碳”目标的重要路径之一。因此,对抽水蓄能电站综合效益进行科学评估,是项目决策及政策制定中至关重要的一环。为此,本文提出一种基于博弈论组合赋权‒云模型的综合效益评价模型。首先,运用社会网络分析法(SNA)筛选关键评价指标,构建包含财务评价、国民经济评价、技术效益、动态效益、静态效益、电网效益、综合可持续性效益和社会效益8个1级指标及其下属30个2级指标的评价指标体系。其次,采用序关系分析(G1)法和CRITIC(criteria importance through intercriteria correlation)法相结合的方式,对各评价指标进行主观与客观权重赋值。通过引入博弈论组合赋权方法,进一步优化各指标的权重分配。最终,基于云模型构建综合效益评价模型。利用博弈论组合赋权‒云模型对紫云山抽水蓄能电站进行实例分析,结果表明,该电站的综合效益评估等级为“好”,与实际情况相符,充分验证了所构建模型的有效性与准确性。该研究不仅为抽水蓄能电站的综合效益评估提供了科学的评估框架,并为类似项目的决策和实施提供了理论支持和实践依据。展开更多
Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use ...Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use of graphene-based materials in fields like electronics,energy,and composites has resulted in standards for their nomenclature,the measurement of key characteristics,and their specification,etc.Among these,standards for measuring the key characteristics are crucial.The critical parameters are the number of layers,the type and concentration of defects and functional groups,elemental composition,sheet resistance,and carrier mobility.Standards for characterizing these have been analyzed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee in ISO/TC229 and the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee in IEC/TC113.These give details of applicable or preferred samples,the fundamental principles of the techniques,specific precautions,and points for attention in the relevant standards.The pivotal role of the ISO/TC229 and IEC/TC113 standards is considered and challenges and future trends are outlined.展开更多
文摘Ⅰ In October 2002, Alfred Stingl, the mayor of Graz, Austria (social party, retired in 2003), invited the 14th Dalai Lama to preside over what is known as Kalachakra initiation. For a time, some political dignitaries of Austria defied the protests by China all came on the scene. The governor of the State of Styria and mayor of Graz went in person to greet and fete him. The federal education and culture minister and state secretary for economic affairs all went to Graz to witness the activities by Dalai. Austrian foreign minister also took time out to make a special tour to meet him. The University of Graz went so far as to present Dalai with an honorary certificate. Austrian media all
文摘抽水蓄能作为电力系统中最为成熟的新能源储能技术,凭借其能调节电网负荷、平衡电力波动及提升系统稳定性的独特优势,已成为实现中国“双碳”目标的重要路径之一。因此,对抽水蓄能电站综合效益进行科学评估,是项目决策及政策制定中至关重要的一环。为此,本文提出一种基于博弈论组合赋权‒云模型的综合效益评价模型。首先,运用社会网络分析法(SNA)筛选关键评价指标,构建包含财务评价、国民经济评价、技术效益、动态效益、静态效益、电网效益、综合可持续性效益和社会效益8个1级指标及其下属30个2级指标的评价指标体系。其次,采用序关系分析(G1)法和CRITIC(criteria importance through intercriteria correlation)法相结合的方式,对各评价指标进行主观与客观权重赋值。通过引入博弈论组合赋权方法,进一步优化各指标的权重分配。最终,基于云模型构建综合效益评价模型。利用博弈论组合赋权‒云模型对紫云山抽水蓄能电站进行实例分析,结果表明,该电站的综合效益评估等级为“好”,与实际情况相符,充分验证了所构建模型的有效性与准确性。该研究不仅为抽水蓄能电站的综合效益评估提供了科学的评估框架,并为类似项目的决策和实施提供了理论支持和实践依据。
文摘Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use of graphene-based materials in fields like electronics,energy,and composites has resulted in standards for their nomenclature,the measurement of key characteristics,and their specification,etc.Among these,standards for measuring the key characteristics are crucial.The critical parameters are the number of layers,the type and concentration of defects and functional groups,elemental composition,sheet resistance,and carrier mobility.Standards for characterizing these have been analyzed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee in ISO/TC229 and the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee in IEC/TC113.These give details of applicable or preferred samples,the fundamental principles of the techniques,specific precautions,and points for attention in the relevant standards.The pivotal role of the ISO/TC229 and IEC/TC113 standards is considered and challenges and future trends are outlined.
