Due to the limit of the pixel size of the charge-coupled device(CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) sensor, the traditional differential algorithm has a limited measuring accuracy by determining the ...Due to the limit of the pixel size of the charge-coupled device(CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) sensor, the traditional differential algorithm has a limited measuring accuracy by determining the critical angle in integral pixel.In this paper, we present a practical algorithm based on the centroid value of the reflective ratio around the critical angle pixel to address the traditional differential algorithm problem of determining the critical angle under sub-pixel in a critical angle refractometer(CAR).When the change of refractive index(RI) of a liquid sample is beyond the sensitivity of the traditional differential algorithm, the RI of the liquid can be obtained by using the centroid value of reflectivity around the critical angle pixel.The centroid value is associated with the RI change of the liquid in sub-pixel.Demonstrated by both theoretical analyses and experimental results using saline solutions with RI that changes in sub-pixel tested through the reflective CAR, the algorithm is found to be computationally effective and robust to expand the measuring accuracy of the Abbe-type refractometer in sub-pixel.展开更多
The dynamic behaviour of SonoVue microbubbles, a new generation ultrasound contrast agent, is investigated in real time with light scattering method. Highly diluted SonoVue microbubbles are injected into a diluted gel...The dynamic behaviour of SonoVue microbubbles, a new generation ultrasound contrast agent, is investigated in real time with light scattering method. Highly diluted SonoVue microbubbles are injected into a diluted gel made of xanthan gum and water. The responses of individual SonoVue bubbles to driven ultrasound pulses are measured. Both linear and nonlinear bubble oscillations are observed and the results suggest that SonoVue microbubbles can generate strong nonlinear responses. By fitting the experimental data of individual bubble responses with Sarkar＇s model, the shell coating parameter of the bubbles and dilatational viscosity is estimated to be 7.0 nm-s-Pa.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61008050,41006019,41276042 and 61505063)
文摘Due to the limit of the pixel size of the charge-coupled device(CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) sensor, the traditional differential algorithm has a limited measuring accuracy by determining the critical angle in integral pixel.In this paper, we present a practical algorithm based on the centroid value of the reflective ratio around the critical angle pixel to address the traditional differential algorithm problem of determining the critical angle under sub-pixel in a critical angle refractometer(CAR).When the change of refractive index(RI) of a liquid sample is beyond the sensitivity of the traditional differential algorithm, the RI of the liquid can be obtained by using the centroid value of reflectivity around the critical angle pixel.The centroid value is associated with the RI change of the liquid in sub-pixel.Demonstrated by both theoretical analyses and experimental results using saline solutions with RI that changes in sub-pixel tested through the reflective CAR, the algorithm is found to be computationally effective and robust to expand the measuring accuracy of the Abbe-type refractometer in sub-pixel.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant Nos 10434070 and 10704037, the Young Scholar Technological Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK2007569, and NIH under Grant 8R01 EB00350-2
文摘The dynamic behaviour of SonoVue microbubbles, a new generation ultrasound contrast agent, is investigated in real time with light scattering method. Highly diluted SonoVue microbubbles are injected into a diluted gel made of xanthan gum and water. The responses of individual SonoVue bubbles to driven ultrasound pulses are measured. Both linear and nonlinear bubble oscillations are observed and the results suggest that SonoVue microbubbles can generate strong nonlinear responses. By fitting the experimental data of individual bubble responses with Sarkar＇s model, the shell coating parameter of the bubbles and dilatational viscosity is estimated to be 7.0 nm-s-Pa.
