AIM：To determine lamina cribrosa thickness（LCT）in the optic nerve head region of the eyes in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and to compare this thickness with that of fellow eyes,hyperopic nonambly...AIM：To determine lamina cribrosa thickness（LCT）in the optic nerve head region of the eyes in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and to compare this thickness with that of fellow eyes,hyperopic nonamblyopia,and age-matched controls.METHODS：Thirty-two patients（12.0±1.8y,mean±standard deviation）with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia,31 subjects with age-and refractive error-matched hyperopic non-amblyopia（10.7±2.2y）,and 32 age-matched controls（11.2±2.0y）were included in this prospective,crosssectional study.LCT was measured using an enhanced depth-imaging program of a spectral domain optical coherence tomographic instrument in all participants,and the correlation between LCT and axial length was calculated.RESULTS：The mean LCT was 180.9±29.4μm in amblyopic eyes,247.7±19.0μm in fellow eyes,251.6±27.3μm in hyperopic non-amblyopic eyes,and 240.2±15.8μm in control eyes.Lamina cribrosa in amblyopic eyes was significantly thinner than fellow,hyperopic non-amblyopic,and control eyes（P〈0.05）.There was no significant correlation in LCT and axial length between amblyopic（P=0.16）and control（P=0.31）group.CONCLUSION：Lamina cribrosa of eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia is significantly thinner than that of fellow eyes,hyperopic non-amblyopia,and age-matched controls.The LCT profile in amblyopic eyes is different from that observed in fellow,hyperopic non-amblyopic,and control eyes.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the variation in the central lamina cribrosa thickness（cLCT）, and the central anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth（cALCSD）, as well as the central prelaminar tissue thickness（cPLTT） relate...AIM： To investigate the variation in the central lamina cribrosa thickness（cLCT）, and the central anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth（cALCSD）, as well as the central prelaminar tissue thickness（cPLTT） related to age in healthy Chinese subjects.METHODS： A total of 96 eyes from 96 Chinese healthy subjects were recruited. According to age, the 96 cases were divided into three groups： the young group（YG, 18-39 y）, middle-age group（MG, 40-59 y） and older-age group（OG, 60 y and above）. Lamina cribrosa images were obtained from all participants using radial linear protocol by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The cLCT, cALCSD and cPLTT were calculated from the average value of the lamina cribrosa thickness, anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth and prelaminar tissue thickness in the optic nerve head（ONH） centre point and paracentral points（150 μm from the centre point in the horizontal and vertical directions）. RESULTS： For the total subjects, the mean cLCT, c ALCSD and cPLTT were 235.18±41.27, 358.02±93.80 and 182.02±92.11 μm, respectively. No statistically significant differences in cLCT, cALCSD or cPLTT were found between gender and different eyes（P=0.27-0.92）. The cLCT of the OG was the thickest among the three groups, while the c PLTT of the YG was the thickest among the three groups（P〈0.05）. Age was positively correlated with cLCT（r=0.42, P〈0.001）, and negatively correlated with cPLTT（r=-0.24, P=0.02）. No significant correlation was found between the age and cALCSD（r=-0.06, P=0.55）. And no correlation has been found between axial length and cLCT, cALCSD and c PLTT（P=0.11-0.81）.CONCLUSION： The impact of age on the cLCT and the cPLLTT should be taken into account when analysing glaucoma and other diseases related to lamina cribrosa.展开更多
The lamina cribrosa thickness（LCT） could be affected by dynamic changes in its structure.Using spectral-domainoptical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）,we have studied the behaviour of the laminar region in 14 young su...The lamina cribrosa thickness（LCT） could be affected by dynamic changes in its structure.Using spectral-domainoptical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）,we have studied the behaviour of the laminar region in 14 young subjects over 24 h.Significant changes in LCT were observed,depending on the time at which the measurement was taken,with the maximum thickness being observed at 7.30 p.m.,and the minimum at 7.30 a.m.This finding could suggests a circadian pattern in the LCT thickness in healthy subjects,which could have implications for the classification,diagnosis and prognosis of both normal and glaucomatous subjects.展开更多
AIM： To describe the morphological changes of the lamina cribrosa （LC） in patients with optic nerve compression. METHODS： Cross-sectional study. Twenty eyes with optic nerve compression, affected by Graves＇ opht...AIM： To describe the morphological changes of the lamina cribrosa （LC） in patients with optic nerve compression. METHODS： Cross-sectional study. Twenty eyes with optic nerve compression, affected by Graves＇ ophthalmopathy （GO） were compared with 18 refractive error-matched healthy eyes. The following examinations were performed： best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA）, intraocular pressure, optic nerve echography, visual field, SD-OCT including the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL）, ganglion cell complex （GCC）, and LC thickness and extent. RESULTS： A-scan revealed significant differences in the subarachnoid space （SAS） between the affected and control groups. LC thickness and LC area were 233 pm （SD 23） and 0.41 mm2 （SD 0.19）, respectively. Average GCC thickness （P=-0.0005）, LC thickness （P=-0.001）, MD （P=-0.001） and PSD （P=-0.001） differed significantly between the two groups; whereas LC area （P=-0.2） and average RFNL （P=-0.1） did not. CONCLUSION： Optic nerve compression reduces the SAS thereby altering the morphology of LC thickness and causing GCC damage.展开更多
AIM:To determine the prevalence of focal lamina cribrosa(LC)defect among patients with pachychoroid disease spectrum(PDS)in the absence of peripapillary retinoschisis.METHODS:This retrospective,cross-sectional study c...AIM:To determine the prevalence of focal lamina cribrosa(LC)defect among patients with pachychoroid disease spectrum(PDS)in the absence of peripapillary retinoschisis.METHODS:This retrospective,cross-sectional study comprised of 180 patients with PDS,including polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV),central serous chorioretinopathy,and pachychoroidal neovasculopathy.Medical records and optic ner ve head evaluations conducted using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging were reviewed.As a control group,236 patients who underwent ophthalmologic evaluation for vitreous floaters,without obvious ocular disease,were also included.RESULTS:The mean age of the PDS group,which included 118 male patients(65.6%),was 57.4±11.1 y.There was no significant difference between the two groups in age(P=0.710)or sex(P=0.248).Six patients(3.3%)in the PDS group and none in the control group showed focal LC defect(P=0.318).Among the six patients with focal LC defect in the PDS group,four eyes had PCV,one eye was the fellow eye of a PCV eye,and one eye had pachychoroidal neovasculopathy.CONCLUSION:Focal LC defect can be defected in patients with PDS in the absence of peripapillar y retinoschisis.However,the prevalence of focal LC defect was not different significantly between PDS patients and those who did not have PDS.展开更多
Purpose:To determine the mechanism of nerve fiber damage in glaucoma by studing the structure of hu-man optic nerve lamina cribrosa(LC)in different regions.Methods:15 human eyes of 10cases were stuided.The specimens w...Purpose:To determine the mechanism of nerve fiber damage in glaucoma by studing the structure of hu-man optic nerve lamina cribrosa(LC)in different regions.Methods:15 human eyes of 10cases were stuided.The specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy,and numbers and areas of pores in LC were measured by electron image analysis system.Draw a frequency distribution map with each curve represents the tendency of pores distribution in a particular part.The proportion of the connective tissue in respective quadrant can also be calcu-lated.The specimens were also prepared for histological examination.Results:There are many pores of various magnitude and shapes on the surface of LC.There are significantly more large pores(≥3000μm^2)in the superior and in-ferior than those in the nasal and temporal quadrants,especially in the peripheral regions,In terms of area,the percentages of connective tissue in the nasal and temporal quadrants are the highest.Collageous fibers,various in diameter,are arranged in bundles and tangentially around each pore.Conclusion:In normal persons,the percentage of large pores in the superior and inferior peripheral parts is the highest,the density of the connective tissue is the lowest.So,the force received by unit area of the superior and inferior parts is bigger than that of the nasal and temporal sides.therefore,it is susceptible to the impact of high intraocular pressure at the early stage and causing correspond-ing visual edfect.Our study may suggest the mechanism of optic nerve damage of glaucoma,Eye Science 1995;11:147-154.展开更多
The present study aims to assess the potential difference of biomechanical response of the optic nerve head to the same level of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference(TLCPD) induced by a reduced cerebrospinal flui...The present study aims to assess the potential difference of biomechanical response of the optic nerve head to the same level of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference(TLCPD) induced by a reduced cerebrospinal fluid pressure(CSFP) or an elevated intraocular pressure(IOP). A finite element model of optic nerve head tissue(pre-and post-laminar neural tissue, lamina cribrosa, sclera, and pia mater) was constructed. Computed stresses, deformations, and strains were compared at each TLCPD step caused by reduced CSFP or elevated IOP. The results showed that elevating TLCPD increased the strain in optic nerve head,with the largest strains occurring in the neural tissue around the sclera ring. Relative to a baseline TLCPD of 10 mmHg, at a same TLCPD of 18 mmHg, the pre-laminar neural tissue experienced 11.10% first principal strain by reduced CSFP and 13.66% by elevated IOP, respectively. The corresponding values for lamina cribrosa were 6.09% and 6.91%. In conclusion, TLCPD has a significant biomechanical impact on optic nerve head tissue and, more prominently, within the pre-laminar neural tissue and lamina cribrosa. Comparatively, reducing CSFP showed smaller strain than elevating IOP even at a same level of TLCPD on ONH tissue, indicating a different potential role of low CSFP in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.展开更多
The lamina cribrosa is affected by intraocular pressure, which is the major risk of glaucoma. However, the capability to evaluate the lamina cribrosa in vivo has been limited until recently due to poor image quality a...The lamina cribrosa is affected by intraocular pressure, which is the major risk of glaucoma. However, the capability to evaluate the lamina cribrosa in vivo has been limited until recently due to poor image quality and the posterior laminar displacement of glaucomatous eyes. In this study, we propose an automatic method to measure the anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth （ALCSD）, including a method for detecting Bruch＇s membrane opening （BMO） based on k-means and region-based active contour. An anterior lamina cribrosa surface segmentation method based on energy constraint is also proposed. In BMO detection, we initialize the Chan-Vese active contour model by using the segmentation map of the k-means cluster. In the segmentation of anterior lamina cribrosa surface, we utilize the energy function in each A-scan to establish a set of candidates. The points in the set that fail to meet the constraints are removed. Finally, we use the B-spline fitting method to obtain the results. The proposed automatic method can model the posterior laminar displacement by measuring the ALCSD. This method achieves a mean error of 45.34 μm in BMO detection. The mean errors of the anterior lamina cribrosa surface are 94.1% within five pixels and 76.1% within three pixels.展开更多
Fibrous components and structural morphology of the connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa obtained from 35 normal human autopsy eyes were examined by histochemical staining, transmission electron microscopic and co...Fibrous components and structural morphology of the connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa obtained from 35 normal human autopsy eyes were examined by histochemical staining, transmission electron microscopic and computer-展开更多
AIM:To propose a novel glaucoma surgery for rebalancing translaminar pressure difference.METHODS:Three non-human primates with normal eyes and two with laser-induced glaucoma underwent the novel surgical procedure.Can...AIM:To propose a novel glaucoma surgery for rebalancing translaminar pressure difference.METHODS:Three non-human primates with normal eyes and two with laser-induced glaucoma underwent the novel surgical procedure.Cannulation of the subarachnoid space was performed after completion of routine vitrectomy steps.An XEN 45 implant was inserted into the created puncture to communicate between the vitreous body and subarachnoid space.Intraocular pressure(IOP),fundus photography,and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were assessed at baseline and regular intervals during follow-up.RESULTS:All operated eyes showed IOP reduction in the first postoperative month.Two(2/3)normal eyes and one(1/2)glaucomatous eye maintained lower IOP until 18mo after operation.The XEN 45 implant remained positioned through the lamina cribrosa in all normal eyes but was not detected in two glaucomatous eyes.Complications observed in this study included retinal vascular bleeding in 1/3 normal eyes and XEN implant dislocation in all 2 glaucomatous eyes.CONCLUSION:Subarachnoid space cannulation and mini-shunt implantation may contribute to IOP reduction,possibly by rebalancing translaminar pressure difference and enhancing aqueous humor drainage.The development of a suitable mini-shunt requires further investigation.展开更多
文摘AIM：To determine lamina cribrosa thickness（LCT）in the optic nerve head region of the eyes in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and to compare this thickness with that of fellow eyes,hyperopic nonamblyopia,and age-matched controls.METHODS：Thirty-two patients（12.0±1.8y,mean±standard deviation）with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia,31 subjects with age-and refractive error-matched hyperopic non-amblyopia（10.7±2.2y）,and 32 age-matched controls（11.2±2.0y）were included in this prospective,crosssectional study.LCT was measured using an enhanced depth-imaging program of a spectral domain optical coherence tomographic instrument in all participants,and the correlation between LCT and axial length was calculated.RESULTS：The mean LCT was 180.9±29.4μm in amblyopic eyes,247.7±19.0μm in fellow eyes,251.6±27.3μm in hyperopic non-amblyopic eyes,and 240.2±15.8μm in control eyes.Lamina cribrosa in amblyopic eyes was significantly thinner than fellow,hyperopic non-amblyopic,and control eyes（P〈0.05）.There was no significant correlation in LCT and axial length between amblyopic（P=0.16）and control（P=0.31）group.CONCLUSION：Lamina cribrosa of eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia is significantly thinner than that of fellow eyes,hyperopic non-amblyopia,and age-matched controls.The LCT profile in amblyopic eyes is different from that observed in fellow,hyperopic non-amblyopic,and control eyes.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No.2017A030313649)
文摘AIM： To investigate the variation in the central lamina cribrosa thickness（cLCT）, and the central anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth（cALCSD）, as well as the central prelaminar tissue thickness（cPLTT） related to age in healthy Chinese subjects.METHODS： A total of 96 eyes from 96 Chinese healthy subjects were recruited. According to age, the 96 cases were divided into three groups： the young group（YG, 18-39 y）, middle-age group（MG, 40-59 y） and older-age group（OG, 60 y and above）. Lamina cribrosa images were obtained from all participants using radial linear protocol by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The cLCT, cALCSD and cPLTT were calculated from the average value of the lamina cribrosa thickness, anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth and prelaminar tissue thickness in the optic nerve head（ONH） centre point and paracentral points（150 μm from the centre point in the horizontal and vertical directions）. RESULTS： For the total subjects, the mean cLCT, c ALCSD and cPLTT were 235.18±41.27, 358.02±93.80 and 182.02±92.11 μm, respectively. No statistically significant differences in cLCT, cALCSD or cPLTT were found between gender and different eyes（P=0.27-0.92）. The cLCT of the OG was the thickest among the three groups, while the c PLTT of the YG was the thickest among the three groups（P〈0.05）. Age was positively correlated with cLCT（r=0.42, P〈0.001）, and negatively correlated with cPLTT（r=-0.24, P=0.02）. No significant correlation was found between the age and cALCSD（r=-0.06, P=0.55）. And no correlation has been found between axial length and cLCT, cALCSD and c PLTT（P=0.11-0.81）.CONCLUSION： The impact of age on the cLCT and the cPLLTT should be taken into account when analysing glaucoma and other diseases related to lamina cribrosa.
文摘The lamina cribrosa thickness（LCT） could be affected by dynamic changes in its structure.Using spectral-domainoptical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）,we have studied the behaviour of the laminar region in 14 young subjects over 24 h.Significant changes in LCT were observed,depending on the time at which the measurement was taken,with the maximum thickness being observed at 7.30 p.m.,and the minimum at 7.30 a.m.This finding could suggests a circadian pattern in the LCT thickness in healthy subjects,which could have implications for the classification,diagnosis and prognosis of both normal and glaucomatous subjects.
基金ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Jean Ann Gilder(Scientific Communication srl.,Naples,Italy)for editing this article.
文摘AIM： To describe the morphological changes of the lamina cribrosa （LC） in patients with optic nerve compression. METHODS： Cross-sectional study. Twenty eyes with optic nerve compression, affected by Graves＇ ophthalmopathy （GO） were compared with 18 refractive error-matched healthy eyes. The following examinations were performed： best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA）, intraocular pressure, optic nerve echography, visual field, SD-OCT including the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL）, ganglion cell complex （GCC）, and LC thickness and extent. RESULTS： A-scan revealed significant differences in the subarachnoid space （SAS） between the affected and control groups. LC thickness and LC area were 233 pm （SD 23） and 0.41 mm2 （SD 0.19）, respectively. Average GCC thickness （P=-0.0005）, LC thickness （P=-0.001）, MD （P=-0.001） and PSD （P=-0.001） differed significantly between the two groups; whereas LC area （P=-0.2） and average RFNL （P=-0.1） did not. CONCLUSION： Optic nerve compression reduces the SAS thereby altering the morphology of LC thickness and causing GCC damage.
基金Supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2018R1C1B5085620)the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HI21C1251)。
文摘AIM:To determine the prevalence of focal lamina cribrosa(LC)defect among patients with pachychoroid disease spectrum(PDS)in the absence of peripapillary retinoschisis.METHODS:This retrospective,cross-sectional study comprised of 180 patients with PDS,including polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV),central serous chorioretinopathy,and pachychoroidal neovasculopathy.Medical records and optic ner ve head evaluations conducted using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging were reviewed.As a control group,236 patients who underwent ophthalmologic evaluation for vitreous floaters,without obvious ocular disease,were also included.RESULTS:The mean age of the PDS group,which included 118 male patients(65.6%),was 57.4±11.1 y.There was no significant difference between the two groups in age(P=0.710)or sex(P=0.248).Six patients(3.3%)in the PDS group and none in the control group showed focal LC defect(P=0.318).Among the six patients with focal LC defect in the PDS group,four eyes had PCV,one eye was the fellow eye of a PCV eye,and one eye had pachychoroidal neovasculopathy.CONCLUSION:Focal LC defect can be defected in patients with PDS in the absence of peripapillar y retinoschisis.However,the prevalence of focal LC defect was not different significantly between PDS patients and those who did not have PDS.
文摘Purpose:To determine the mechanism of nerve fiber damage in glaucoma by studing the structure of hu-man optic nerve lamina cribrosa(LC)in different regions.Methods:15 human eyes of 10cases were stuided.The specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy,and numbers and areas of pores in LC were measured by electron image analysis system.Draw a frequency distribution map with each curve represents the tendency of pores distribution in a particular part.The proportion of the connective tissue in respective quadrant can also be calcu-lated.The specimens were also prepared for histological examination.Results:There are many pores of various magnitude and shapes on the surface of LC.There are significantly more large pores(≥3000μm^2)in the superior and in-ferior than those in the nasal and temporal quadrants,especially in the peripheral regions,In terms of area,the percentages of connective tissue in the nasal and temporal quadrants are the highest.Collageous fibers,various in diameter,are arranged in bundles and tangentially around each pore.Conclusion:In normal persons,the percentage of large pores in the superior and inferior peripheral parts is the highest,the density of the connective tissue is the lowest.So,the force received by unit area of the superior and inferior parts is bigger than that of the nasal and temporal sides.therefore,it is susceptible to the impact of high intraocular pressure at the early stage and causing correspond-ing visual edfect.Our study may suggest the mechanism of optic nerve damage of glaucoma,Eye Science 1995;11:147-154.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81271005,81300767)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7122038,7162037)the Basic-Clinical Research Cooperation Funding of Capital Medical University(2016-JLPT-Y03)。
文摘The present study aims to assess the potential difference of biomechanical response of the optic nerve head to the same level of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference(TLCPD) induced by a reduced cerebrospinal fluid pressure(CSFP) or an elevated intraocular pressure(IOP). A finite element model of optic nerve head tissue(pre-and post-laminar neural tissue, lamina cribrosa, sclera, and pia mater) was constructed. Computed stresses, deformations, and strains were compared at each TLCPD step caused by reduced CSFP or elevated IOP. The results showed that elevating TLCPD increased the strain in optic nerve head,with the largest strains occurring in the neural tissue around the sclera ring. Relative to a baseline TLCPD of 10 mmHg, at a same TLCPD of 18 mmHg, the pre-laminar neural tissue experienced 11.10% first principal strain by reduced CSFP and 13.66% by elevated IOP, respectively. The corresponding values for lamina cribrosa were 6.09% and 6.91%. In conclusion, TLCPD has a significant biomechanical impact on optic nerve head tissue and, more prominently, within the pre-laminar neural tissue and lamina cribrosa. Comparatively, reducing CSFP showed smaller strain than elevating IOP even at a same level of TLCPD on ONH tissue, indicating a different potential role of low CSFP in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61672542 and 61573380.
文摘The lamina cribrosa is affected by intraocular pressure, which is the major risk of glaucoma. However, the capability to evaluate the lamina cribrosa in vivo has been limited until recently due to poor image quality and the posterior laminar displacement of glaucomatous eyes. In this study, we propose an automatic method to measure the anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth （ALCSD）, including a method for detecting Bruch＇s membrane opening （BMO） based on k-means and region-based active contour. An anterior lamina cribrosa surface segmentation method based on energy constraint is also proposed. In BMO detection, we initialize the Chan-Vese active contour model by using the segmentation map of the k-means cluster. In the segmentation of anterior lamina cribrosa surface, we utilize the energy function in each A-scan to establish a set of candidates. The points in the set that fail to meet the constraints are removed. Finally, we use the B-spline fitting method to obtain the results. The proposed automatic method can model the posterior laminar displacement by measuring the ALCSD. This method achieves a mean error of 45.34 μm in BMO detection. The mean errors of the anterior lamina cribrosa surface are 94.1% within five pixels and 76.1% within three pixels.
文摘Fibrous components and structural morphology of the connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa obtained from 35 normal human autopsy eyes were examined by histochemical staining, transmission electron microscopic and computer-
文摘AIM:To propose a novel glaucoma surgery for rebalancing translaminar pressure difference.METHODS:Three non-human primates with normal eyes and two with laser-induced glaucoma underwent the novel surgical procedure.Cannulation of the subarachnoid space was performed after completion of routine vitrectomy steps.An XEN 45 implant was inserted into the created puncture to communicate between the vitreous body and subarachnoid space.Intraocular pressure(IOP),fundus photography,and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were assessed at baseline and regular intervals during follow-up.RESULTS:All operated eyes showed IOP reduction in the first postoperative month.Two(2/3)normal eyes and one(1/2)glaucomatous eye maintained lower IOP until 18mo after operation.The XEN 45 implant remained positioned through the lamina cribrosa in all normal eyes but was not detected in two glaucomatous eyes.Complications observed in this study included retinal vascular bleeding in 1/3 normal eyes and XEN implant dislocation in all 2 glaucomatous eyes.CONCLUSION:Subarachnoid space cannulation and mini-shunt implantation may contribute to IOP reduction,possibly by rebalancing translaminar pressure difference and enhancing aqueous humor drainage.The development of a suitable mini-shunt requires further investigation.
