Cresyl diphenyl phosphate(CDP),an emerging aryl organophosphate ester(OPE),exhibits potential toxic effects and is frequently found in diverse environmental media,thereby raising concerns about environmental pollution...Cresyl diphenyl phosphate(CDP),an emerging aryl organophosphate ester(OPE),exhibits potential toxic effects and is frequently found in diverse environmental media,thereby raising concerns about environmental pollution.Biodegradation demonstrates substantial potential for CDP removal from the environment.This study investigated the biodegradation mechanisms of CDP using anaerobic activated sludge(AnAS).The biodegradation of 1-mg/L CDP followed a first-order kinetic model with a degradation kinetic constant of 0.943 d^(-1),and the addition of different electron acceptors affected the degradation rate.High-resolution mass spectrometry identified seven transformation products(TPs)of CDP.The pathways of CDP degradation in anaerobic conditions were proposed,with carboxylation products being the most dominant intermediate products.The structure of the anaerobic microbial community at different degradation time points in CDP-amended microcosms was examined.The linear discriminant analysis(LDA)of effect size(LEfSe)potentially underscored the pivotal role of Methyloversatilis in CDP biodegradation.Zebrafish embryotoxicity experiments revealed both lethal and morphogenetic impacts of CDP on zebrafish embryos.The survival rate,hatching rate,and body length indicators of zebrafish embryos underscored the detoxification of CDP and its resultant intermediates by AnAS.This study offers new insights into the fate and biodegradation mechanisms of CDP in wastewater treatment plants.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to increase the viability of sheep oocytes in vitro by using phosphodiesterase type 3（PDE 3） inhibitor milrinone combined with brilliant cresyl blue（BCB） staining.[Method] The...[Objective] The aim of this study was to increase the viability of sheep oocytes in vitro by using phosphodiesterase type 3（PDE 3） inhibitor milrinone combined with brilliant cresyl blue（BCB） staining.[Method] The differences between BCB tested and morphologically selected oocytes,as well as the effect of them on embryo development were compared;and then suitable inhibitive time of milrinone to sheep oocytes in vitro was studied and used in BCB-oocytes for in vitro embryo production（IVEP）.[Result] The BCB＋ oocytes percentage in A-and B-level sheep oocytes was 64.42%,which was extremely significantly higher than that in C-level（17.0%）.The maturing rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of BCB＋ oocytes（86.16%,85.29% and 34.40%） of was significantly higher than those of BCB-oocytes（50.94%,36.19% and 6.73%）.The best time for PDE 3 inhibitor delaying the sheep oocyte mature in vitro was 6 h.In addition,the rate of embryo development in vitro could be significantly increased by inhibiting the BCB-oocytes for 6 h with Milrinone.[Conclusion] The study will provide reference for improving the efficiency of sheep oocytes culture in vitro.展开更多
Selecting oocytes that are most likely to develop is crucial for in vitro fertilization and animal cloning. Brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining has been used for oocyte selection in large animals, but its wider uti...Selecting oocytes that are most likely to develop is crucial for in vitro fertilization and animal cloning. Brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining has been used for oocyte selection in large animals, but its wider utility needs further evaluation. Mouse oocytes were divided into those stained （BCB＋） and those unstained （BCB-） according to their ooplasm BCB coloration. Chromatin configurations, cumulus cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic maturity and developmental competence were compared between the BCB＋ and BCB- oocytes. The effects of oocyte diameter, sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation on the competence of BCB＋ oocytes were also analyzed. In the large- and medium-size groups, BCB＋ oocytes were larger and showed more surrounded nucleoli （SN） chromatin configurations and higher frequencies of early atresia, and they also gained better cytoplasmic maturity （determined as the intracellular GSH level and pattern of mitochondrial distribution） and higher developmental potential after in vitro maturation （IVM） than the BCB-oocytes. Adult mice produced more BCB＋ oocytes with higher competence than the prepubertal mice when not primed with PMSG. PMSG priming increased both proportion and developmental potency of BCB＋ oocytes. The BCB＋ oocytes in the large-size group showed more SN chromatin configurations, better cytoplasmic maturity and higher developmental potential than their counterparts in the medium-size group. It is concluded that BCB staining can be used as an efficient method for oocyte selection, but that the competence of the BCB＋ oocytes may vary with oocyte diameter, animal sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation. Taken together, the series of criteria described here would allow for better choices in selecting oocytes for better development.展开更多
Heparin is a polysaccharide of glycosaminoglycan class, which consists of repeating disaccharide units of iduronic/glucuronic acid and glucosamine residues with many biological functions. Many methods have been propos...Heparin is a polysaccharide of glycosaminoglycan class, which consists of repeating disaccharide units of iduronic/glucuronic acid and glucosamine residues with many biological functions. Many methods have been proposed for the detection of heparin, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the light scattering technique, HPLC and electro phoresis and flow injection analysis, etc.. But there are few reports about the detection of heparin by means of an electrochemical method. Electroanalytical methods are useful tools in bioanalytical chemistry because of their advantages, such as their instrumental simplicity, moderate cost and portability. The binding reactions of organic molecules with biomolecules such as DNA and proteins have been widely studied. In acidic solution, heparin is highly negatively charged due to the dissociation of the sulfate and carboxyl groups in its molecule, which can easily interact with cationic dyes. Based on this principle, in this work, a new electrochemical method for the determination of heparin was developed based on the interaction of heparin with brilliant cresyl blue（BCB）.展开更多
Coronary atherosclerosis is a major complication of chronic kidney disease. This condition contributes to the increased mortality in dialysis patients.p-Cresyl sulfate （PCS） is a prototype of protein-bound uremic to...Coronary atherosclerosis is a major complication of chronic kidney disease. This condition contributes to the increased mortality in dialysis patients.p-Cresyl sulfate （PCS） is a prototype of protein-bound uremic toxins that cannot be efficiently removed through routine dialysis procedures. In the present study, ApoE/- mice that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy were randomly divided into two groups, namely, vehicle-treated group （n = 20） and PCS-treated group （n = 20）. Mice were sacrificed for en face and immunohistological analyses after 8 or 24 weeks of high-fat diet. Rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） were treated with phosphate buffer solution or 500 ltmol/L PCS for in vitro evaluation. PCS-treated mice were observed to suffer increased atherosclerotic lesions after eight weeks of PCS administration. Moreover, 24 weeks of PCS administration also markedly increased the vulnerability index of aortic plaques. PCS was also observed to facilitate the migration and proliferation of VSMCs during the progression of the disease. Moreover, PCS disturbed the balance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases within the plaques. Thus, PCS played a vital role in promoting atherogenesis and disturbing the stability of formed plaques probably by targeting VSMCs.展开更多
The electrochemical polymerization of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) has been carried out using cyclic voltammetry in the potential region between -0.20 V and 1.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl with saturated KCl solution). The electro...The electrochemical polymerization of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) has been carried out using cyclic voltammetry in the potential region between -0.20 V and 1.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl with saturated KCl solution). The electrolytic solution consisted of BCB (0.1 mol/L) and Na 2HPO 4 (0.2 mol/L) with pH 2.1. BCB can not be polymerized at pH<1. There are an anodic peak and a cathodic peak on the cyclic voltammogram of poly(BCB) at pH ≤4.3. Both peak potentials shift towards more negative with increasing pH value, and their peak currents decrease with increasing pH value. Poly(BCB) depicts a good electrochemical reversibility, fast charge transfer ability and stability in aqueous solutions with pH≤4.3. The visible spectrum, FTIR spectrum and Raman spectrum of poly(BCB) are different from those of BCB.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.52270155 and 92047201).
文摘Cresyl diphenyl phosphate(CDP),an emerging aryl organophosphate ester(OPE),exhibits potential toxic effects and is frequently found in diverse environmental media,thereby raising concerns about environmental pollution.Biodegradation demonstrates substantial potential for CDP removal from the environment.This study investigated the biodegradation mechanisms of CDP using anaerobic activated sludge(AnAS).The biodegradation of 1-mg/L CDP followed a first-order kinetic model with a degradation kinetic constant of 0.943 d^(-1),and the addition of different electron acceptors affected the degradation rate.High-resolution mass spectrometry identified seven transformation products(TPs)of CDP.The pathways of CDP degradation in anaerobic conditions were proposed,with carboxylation products being the most dominant intermediate products.The structure of the anaerobic microbial community at different degradation time points in CDP-amended microcosms was examined.The linear discriminant analysis(LDA)of effect size(LEfSe)potentially underscored the pivotal role of Methyloversatilis in CDP biodegradation.Zebrafish embryotoxicity experiments revealed both lethal and morphogenetic impacts of CDP on zebrafish embryos.The survival rate,hatching rate,and body length indicators of zebrafish embryos underscored the detoxification of CDP and its resultant intermediates by AnAS.This study offers new insights into the fate and biodegradation mechanisms of CDP in wastewater treatment plants.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang AutonomousRegion (200821182 )Science and Technology Research andDevelopment Program of Xinjiang Autonomous Region (200841122)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Xinjiang AutonomousRegion (200711104)the National Transgenic Major Program~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to increase the viability of sheep oocytes in vitro by using phosphodiesterase type 3（PDE 3） inhibitor milrinone combined with brilliant cresyl blue（BCB） staining.[Method] The differences between BCB tested and morphologically selected oocytes,as well as the effect of them on embryo development were compared;and then suitable inhibitive time of milrinone to sheep oocytes in vitro was studied and used in BCB-oocytes for in vitro embryo production（IVEP）.[Result] The BCB＋ oocytes percentage in A-and B-level sheep oocytes was 64.42%,which was extremely significantly higher than that in C-level（17.0%）.The maturing rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of BCB＋ oocytes（86.16%,85.29% and 34.40%） of was significantly higher than those of BCB-oocytes（50.94%,36.19% and 6.73%）.The best time for PDE 3 inhibitor delaying the sheep oocyte mature in vitro was 6 h.In addition,the rate of embryo development in vitro could be significantly increased by inhibiting the BCB-oocytes for 6 h with Milrinone.[Conclusion] The study will provide reference for improving the efficiency of sheep oocytes culture in vitro.
基金Acknowledgments This study was supported by grants from the China National Natural Science Foundation （Nos. 30430530 and 30571337） and from the Momentous Research Project of the China Ministry of Science and Technology （No. 2006CB944003）.
文摘Selecting oocytes that are most likely to develop is crucial for in vitro fertilization and animal cloning. Brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining has been used for oocyte selection in large animals, but its wider utility needs further evaluation. Mouse oocytes were divided into those stained （BCB＋） and those unstained （BCB-） according to their ooplasm BCB coloration. Chromatin configurations, cumulus cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic maturity and developmental competence were compared between the BCB＋ and BCB- oocytes. The effects of oocyte diameter, sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation on the competence of BCB＋ oocytes were also analyzed. In the large- and medium-size groups, BCB＋ oocytes were larger and showed more surrounded nucleoli （SN） chromatin configurations and higher frequencies of early atresia, and they also gained better cytoplasmic maturity （determined as the intracellular GSH level and pattern of mitochondrial distribution） and higher developmental potential after in vitro maturation （IVM） than the BCB-oocytes. Adult mice produced more BCB＋ oocytes with higher competence than the prepubertal mice when not primed with PMSG. PMSG priming increased both proportion and developmental potency of BCB＋ oocytes. The BCB＋ oocytes in the large-size group showed more SN chromatin configurations, better cytoplasmic maturity and higher developmental potential than their counterparts in the medium-size group. It is concluded that BCB staining can be used as an efficient method for oocyte selection, but that the competence of the BCB＋ oocytes may vary with oocyte diameter, animal sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation. Taken together, the series of criteria described here would allow for better choices in selecting oocytes for better development.
文摘Heparin is a polysaccharide of glycosaminoglycan class, which consists of repeating disaccharide units of iduronic/glucuronic acid and glucosamine residues with many biological functions. Many methods have been proposed for the detection of heparin, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the light scattering technique, HPLC and electro phoresis and flow injection analysis, etc.. But there are few reports about the detection of heparin by means of an electrochemical method. Electroanalytical methods are useful tools in bioanalytical chemistry because of their advantages, such as their instrumental simplicity, moderate cost and portability. The binding reactions of organic molecules with biomolecules such as DNA and proteins have been widely studied. In acidic solution, heparin is highly negatively charged due to the dissociation of the sulfate and carboxyl groups in its molecule, which can easily interact with cationic dyes. Based on this principle, in this work, a new electrochemical method for the determination of heparin was developed based on the interaction of heparin with brilliant cresyl blue（BCB）.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 81370401, 81370397, 81570316, and 81500196）.
文摘Coronary atherosclerosis is a major complication of chronic kidney disease. This condition contributes to the increased mortality in dialysis patients.p-Cresyl sulfate （PCS） is a prototype of protein-bound uremic toxins that cannot be efficiently removed through routine dialysis procedures. In the present study, ApoE/- mice that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy were randomly divided into two groups, namely, vehicle-treated group （n = 20） and PCS-treated group （n = 20）. Mice were sacrificed for en face and immunohistological analyses after 8 or 24 weeks of high-fat diet. Rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） were treated with phosphate buffer solution or 500 ltmol/L PCS for in vitro evaluation. PCS-treated mice were observed to suffer increased atherosclerotic lesions after eight weeks of PCS administration. Moreover, 24 weeks of PCS administration also markedly increased the vulnerability index of aortic plaques. PCS was also observed to facilitate the migration and proliferation of VSMCs during the progression of the disease. Moreover, PCS disturbed the balance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases within the plaques. Thus, PCS played a vital role in promoting atherogenesis and disturbing the stability of formed plaques probably by targeting VSMCs.
文摘The electrochemical polymerization of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) has been carried out using cyclic voltammetry in the potential region between -0.20 V and 1.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl with saturated KCl solution). The electrolytic solution consisted of BCB (0.1 mol/L) and Na 2HPO 4 (0.2 mol/L) with pH 2.1. BCB can not be polymerized at pH<1. There are an anodic peak and a cathodic peak on the cyclic voltammogram of poly(BCB) at pH ≤4.3. Both peak potentials shift towards more negative with increasing pH value, and their peak currents decrease with increasing pH value. Poly(BCB) depicts a good electrochemical reversibility, fast charge transfer ability and stability in aqueous solutions with pH≤4.3. The visible spectrum, FTIR spectrum and Raman spectrum of poly(BCB) are different from those of BCB.
