This study examined the stimulus specificity of external lateral parabrachial (LPBe) rewarding stimulation by using two identical learning procedures that may dissociate conditioned reinforcement to either the place o...This study examined the stimulus specificity of external lateral parabrachial (LPBe) rewarding stimulation by using two identical learning procedures that may dissociate conditioned reinforcement to either the place or the flavor stimulus. Animals were presented with two distinct flavors in two different positions (left and right) that were varied throughout the experimental sessions. In the first experiment, LPBe stimulation was associated with one or other flavor, while in the second it was conditioned to one or other place in which these flavors were offered. The results show that, despite stimulus interferences, the animals develop specific conditioned preferences for the flavor stimuli (experiment 2A), and also for the place of their presentation (experiment 2B). These data are discussed in the context of brain reward systems and the biological constraints that characterize some learning modalities.展开更多
The psychological mechanism of reward is to form operational conditioned reflex through positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.The positive effect of reward is to strengthen external learning motivation,and...The psychological mechanism of reward is to form operational conditioned reflex through positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.The positive effect of reward is to strengthen external learning motivation,and reward can sometimes improve creativity.The negative effects are:weakening students'creativity,weakening the internal motivation of learning and hindering the development of autonomy.Teachers should apply educational rewards scientifically,take care of their age,consider the difficulty of tasks,pay attention to stimulating students'internal motivation,and give priority to spiritual rewards,supplemented by material rewards.展开更多
文摘This study examined the stimulus specificity of external lateral parabrachial (LPBe) rewarding stimulation by using two identical learning procedures that may dissociate conditioned reinforcement to either the place or the flavor stimulus. Animals were presented with two distinct flavors in two different positions (left and right) that were varied throughout the experimental sessions. In the first experiment, LPBe stimulation was associated with one or other flavor, while in the second it was conditioned to one or other place in which these flavors were offered. The results show that, despite stimulus interferences, the animals develop specific conditioned preferences for the flavor stimuli (experiment 2A), and also for the place of their presentation (experiment 2B). These data are discussed in the context of brain reward systems and the biological constraints that characterize some learning modalities.
文摘The psychological mechanism of reward is to form operational conditioned reflex through positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.The positive effect of reward is to strengthen external learning motivation,and reward can sometimes improve creativity.The negative effects are:weakening students'creativity,weakening the internal motivation of learning and hindering the development of autonomy.Teachers should apply educational rewards scientifically,take care of their age,consider the difficulty of tasks,pay attention to stimulating students'internal motivation,and give priority to spiritual rewards,supplemented by material rewards.
