The coal dynamic characteristic stress identification under dynamic load is important for guiding underground mineral mining and predicting underground dynamic disasters.In this article,the dynamic compression test of...The coal dynamic characteristic stress identification under dynamic load is important for guiding underground mineral mining and predicting underground dynamic disasters.In this article,the dynamic compression test of anthracite under five strain rates is carried out,the evolution law of three kinds of crack characteristic stress is analyzed,and a prediction model of the crack characteristic stress threshold considering the strain rate effect is established.Then,the rationality of crack characteristic stress under dynamic loading is discussed from the damage evolution standpoint,and the crack extension response mechanism during dynamic compression of anthracite is discussed.The result shows that the crack characteristic stress threshold is significantly influenced by the strain rate.The three characteristic stress thresholds are positively correlated with the strain rate,but the ratios to the crest stress gradually decrease.The increase in the strain rate strongly contributes to the crack extension behavior of anthracite.In the crack unstable extension phase,because of the increase of the strain rate,anthracite shows more energy dissipation under the same deformation in association with the stress concentration effect and the dynamic strength enhancement effect.The crack propagation rate is increased,the crack propagation path of the section is more complex,and more severe damage occurs before the dynamic failure of anthracite,which leads to even more severe damage.展开更多
Curves of △Kth vs.△ath and △Kcl·th vs.△ath for aluminum-lithium alloy 2090 have been determined and compared with those for traditional aluminum alloy 2024.The growth resistance of short fatigue cracks for al...Curves of △Kth vs.△ath and △Kcl·th vs.△ath for aluminum-lithium alloy 2090 have been determined and compared with those for traditional aluminum alloy 2024.The growth resistance of short fatigue cracks for aluminum-lithium alloy 2090 is quantitatively evaluated.The essential reason resulting in stronger short cracks effect has been ascertained.Influence of cerium on the growth behavior of short fatigue cracks for aluminum-lithium alloy 2090 was investigated.The results show that by adding cerium into this alloy a significant improvement in △Ki can be achieved and at the same time △Kcl·th is increased.Consequently,the essential factor resulting in lower growth resistance of short fatigue cracks for this alloy is removed and the growth resistance of long and short fatigue cracks is increased.展开更多
Threshold of fatigue for short through cracks for Al-Li alloy 8090 was evaluated to be lower than that of long cracks,and to decrease with the shortening of the crack length.The correla- tion among the threshold,crack...Threshold of fatigue for short through cracks for Al-Li alloy 8090 was evaluated to be lower than that of long cracks,and to decrease with the shortening of the crack length.The correla- tion among the threshold,crack wake,and crack tip shielding of the short fatigue cracks was discussed.The super demarcation length and lowest theoretical threshold of short through fa- tigue cracks were presented.展开更多
The effect of pearlite interlamellar spacing(d)from 0.31 to 0.77 μm of T8 steel on fatigue crack propagation near threshold has been investigated at different stress ratios(R).The closure stress intensity factor(K_(c...The effect of pearlite interlamellar spacing(d)from 0.31 to 0.77 μm of T8 steel on fatigue crack propagation near threshold has been investigated at different stress ratios(R).The closure stress intensity factor(K_(cl)),the threshold value(ΔK_(th))and crack tip opening dis- placement range(ΔCOD)were measured.The results show that pearlite interlamellar spac- ing in this range has no effect on K_(cl),but has effect on the threshold value in low stress ratio. The threshold value is higher for materials with larger interlamellar spacing.No matter what the stress ratio is,during the propagation near threshold,the propagation rate will be the same,provieded the crack tip opening displacement range is the same. Metallurgical examinations were also carried out to show that the crack propagation path is sensitive to mierostructure.The crack always propagates along either boundary of pearlite colony or ferrite lamellar in pearlite.展开更多
Near-threshold fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a cold-worked copper tested with distinct fa- tigue testing systems under different stress ratios has been investigated.The emphasis was placed on the evaluation o...Near-threshold fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a cold-worked copper tested with distinct fa- tigue testing systems under different stress ratios has been investigated.The emphasis was placed on the evaluation of crack closure effect as well as the effective fatigue threshold,It was found that the fatigue threshold for R=0 is higher than those for R=-1 and R=0.4,for which almost the same threshold value was derived.Compared with the conventional closure evaluation method,the pro- posed new closure evaluation method can generally interpret the dependence of the fatigue thresh- old on stress ratio and loading condition,and leads to a higher and relatively constant effective fa- tigue threshold of about 3 MPa·m^(1/2) for the cold-worked copper at different stress ratios and loading conditions.展开更多
To investigate the relation between material＇s cychc plastic behaviour and fatigue crack growth, a new model is proposed. The model incorporated the two intrinsic properties of material＇ s cyclic plastic and crack ...To investigate the relation between material＇s cychc plastic behaviour and fatigue crack growth, a new model is proposed. The model incorporated the two intrinsic properties of material＇ s cyclic plastic and crack tip＇ s deformation dislocation to interpret fatigue crack threshold. The relation between material＇ s cyclic hardening parameters （cyclic hardening amplitude and cyclic hardening rate） and fatigue threshold is studied. Fatigue threshold is determined based on the dislocation-free zone （DFZ） model, the theory of cohesive zone and the cyclic deformation behaviour. The results show that fatigue threshold increases with the decrease of the amplitude of cyclic hardening and is independent of cyclic hardening rate, but fatigue crack growth rate increases with the increase of cyclic hardening rate.展开更多
A so-called 'local probabilistic Paris relation method' was presented for measuring the random thresholds of long fatigue crack propagation. A check was made to the conventional method, in which the thresholds...A so-called 'local probabilistic Paris relation method' was presented for measuring the random thresholds of long fatigue crack propagation. A check was made to the conventional method, in which the thresholds were measured statistically and directly by the test data. It was revealed that this method was not reasonable because the test data have seldom a unified level of crack growth rates. Differently,in the presented method the Paris-Erdogan equation was applied to model the local test data around the thresholds. Local probabilistic relations with both the survival probability and the confidence were established on a lognormal distribution of the stress density factors. And then, the probabilistic thresholds were derived from the probabilistic factors with a given critical level of growth rate. An analysis on the test data of LZ50 axle steel for the Chinese railway vehicles verifies that the present method is feasible and available.展开更多
SEM microfractography of near-threshold fatigue crack propagation were carried out in the dual-phase steels of 3 martensite morphologies and 6 volume fractions of martensite (V_m). All of them are featured by cyclic c...SEM microfractography of near-threshold fatigue crack propagation were carried out in the dual-phase steels of 3 martensite morphologies and 6 volume fractions of martensite (V_m). All of them are featured by cyclic cleavage characteristics in near-threshold region,i.e.,main- ly controlled by mode Ⅱ stress.In the higher ΔK regions,the fracture surfaces are character- ized by mixed modes including cyclic cleavage facets,two types of secondary cracks and striations,etc..The roughness-induced crack closure of fracture surface is attributed primarily to extreme high fatigue crack growth threshold values.展开更多
Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propa...Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propagation rule and the residual life estimation method of large-module rack is of great significance. The possible crack distribution forms of the rack in the Three Gorges shiplift were studied. By applying moving load on the model in FRANC3 D and ANSYS, quantitative analyses of interference effects on double cracks in both collinear and offset conditions were conducted. The variation rule of the stress intensity factor(SIF) influence factor, RK, of double collinear cracks changing with crack spacing ratio, RS, was researched. The horizontal and vertical crack spacing threshold of double cracks within the design life of the shiplift were obtained, which are 24 and 4 times as large as half of initial crack length, c0, respectively. The crack growth rates along the length and depth directions in the process of coalescence on double collinear cracks were also studied.展开更多
Experimental study is performed on the probabilistic models for the long fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN) of LZ50 axle steel. An equation for crack growth rate was derived to consider the trend of stress intensity f...Experimental study is performed on the probabilistic models for the long fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN) of LZ50 axle steel. An equation for crack growth rate was derived to consider the trend of stress intensity factor range going down to the threshold and the average stress effect. The probabilistic models were presented on the equation. They consist of the probabilistic da/dN-ΔK relations, the confidence-based da/dN-ΔK relations, and the probabilistic- and confidence-based da/dN-ΔK relations. Efforts were made respectively to characterize the effects of probabilistic assessments due to the scattering regularity of test data, the number of sampling, and both of them. These relations can provide wide selections for practice. Analysis on the test data of LZ50 steel indicates that the present models are available and feasible.展开更多
Statistical distribution of residual fatigue life(RFL)of railway axles under given loading was computed using the Monte Carlo method by considering random variation of the selected input parameters.Experimental data f...Statistical distribution of residual fatigue life(RFL)of railway axles under given loading was computed using the Monte Carlo method by considering random variation of the selected input parameters.Experimental data for the EA4T railway axle steel,the loading spectrum,the press fit loading and the residual stress induced by surface hardening were considered in the crack propagation simulations.Usually,the material properties measured by tensile tests are considered to be the most informative source of material data.Under fatigue loading,however,the crack growth rates near the threshold are the most critical data.Two important influencing factors on these crack growth rates are presented:first,the air humidity and,second,the near-surface residual stress.The typical variation of these parameters in operation may change the RFL by one or two orders of magnitude.Experimentally obtained crack growth thresholds and residual stress profiles are highly affected by the used methodology.Therefore,the obtained input data may be located anywhere within a large scatter,while the experimenters are completely unaware of it.This can lead to dangerously non-conservative situations,e.g.when the thresholds are measured in a laboratory under humid air conditions and then applied to predictions of RFLs of axles operated in winter in low air humidity.This is significant for the topic of inspection interval optimisation.The results of experiments done on real 1:1 railway axles were close to the most frequent value found in the histogram of the numerically computed RFLs.展开更多
Threshold stress values, muging from ～8 to 16MPa·m1/2 can be obtained in a Ni-base alloy GH586 by varying the microstructure through heat treatments. The threshold and low crack growth rate behaviors at room tem...Threshold stress values, muging from ～8 to 16MPa·m1/2 can be obtained in a Ni-base alloy GH586 by varying the microstructure through heat treatments. The threshold and low crack growth rate behaviors at room temperature, with varying groin size and γ'-distribution, have been investigated. The results indicate that grain size is an important microstructurol parameter that affects fatigue crack growth threshold and propagation behaviors, as the values of △Kth increase with increasing grain size, but the γ' -distribution also has important effect. Analyses show that the effects of groin size on threshold and low crack-growth rate behavior result from heterogeneous deformation and roughness-induced crack closure due to crystallographic slipping and cracking in coarse microstructure. The higher △Kth and lower fatigue crack growth rate with increasing amounts of fine γ' phases are closely related to less damage accumulation level in deformation zone of crack-tip resulted from heterogeneous deformation due to dislocations' shearing γ' precipitates.展开更多
Vickers indentation test was used to study the effects of mineral composition and microstructure on crack resistance of sintered ore, and the initiation and propagation of cracks in different minerals contained in sin...Vickers indentation test was used to study the effects of mineral composition and microstructure on crack resistance of sintered ore, and the initiation and propagation of cracks in different minerals contained in sintered ore were examined. The results indicate that the microstructure of calcium ferrites is a major factor influencing crack resistance of sintered ore. Finer grain size of calcium ferrite will lead to higher cracking threshold and better crack resistance of sintered ore. The formation of calcium ferrite with fine grain size during sintering process is favorable for crack resistance of sintered ore.展开更多
By comparison of the characteristics of existing models for long fatigue crack propagation rates, a new model, called the generalized passivation-lancet model for long fatigue crack propagation rates （GPLFCPR）, and ...By comparison of the characteristics of existing models for long fatigue crack propagation rates, a new model, called the generalized passivation-lancet model for long fatigue crack propagation rates （GPLFCPR）, and a general formula for characterizing the process of crack growth rates are proposed based on the passivation-lancet theory. The GPLFCPR model overcomes disadvantages of the existing models and can describe the rules of the entire fatigue crack growth process from the cracking threshold to the critical fracturing point effectively with explicit physical meaning. It also reflects the influence of material characteristics, such as strength parameters, fracture parameters and heat treatment. Experimental results obtained by testing LZ50 steel, AlZnMgCu0.5, 0.5Cr0.5Mo0.25V steel, etc., show good consistency with the new model. The GPLFCPR model is valuable in theoretical research and practical applications.展开更多
Tackling the problems of underground water storage in collieries in arid regions requires knowledge of the effect of water intrusion and loading rate on the mechanical properties of and crack development in coal–rock...Tackling the problems of underground water storage in collieries in arid regions requires knowledge of the effect of water intrusion and loading rate on the mechanical properties of and crack development in coal–rock combinations. Fifty-four coal–rock combinations were prepared and split equally into groups containing different moisture contents(dry, natural moisture and saturated) to conduct acoustic emission testing under uniaxial compression with loading rates ranging from 0.1 mm/min to 0.6 mm/min. The results show that the peak stress and strength-softening modulus, elastic modulus, strain-softening modulus, and post-peak modulus partly decrease with increasing moisture content and loading rate. In contrast, peak strain increases with increasing moisture content and fluctuates with rising loading rate. More significantly, the relationship between stiffness and stress, combined with accumulated counts of acoustic emission, can be used to precisely predict all phases of crack propagation. This is helpful in studying the impact of moisture content and loading rate on crack propagation and accurately calculating mechanical properties. We also determined that the stress thresholds of crack closure, crack initiation, and crack damage do not vary with changes of moisture content and loading rate, constituting 15.22%, 32.20%, and 80.98% of peak stress, respectively. These outcomes assist in developing approaches to water storage in coal mines, determining the necessary width of waterproof coal–rock pillars, and methods of supporting water-enriched roadways, while also advances understanding the mechanical properties of coal–rock combinations and laws of crack propagation.展开更多
Fatigue crack propagation behavior of K40S cobalt-base superalloy under ambient atmosphere at 700 ℃ and 900 ℃ was investigated. The detailed fatigue crack propagation and fracture mechanism under the alternating loa...Fatigue crack propagation behavior of K40S cobalt-base superalloy under ambient atmosphere at 700 ℃ and 900 ℃ was investigated. The detailed fatigue crack propagation and fracture mechanism under the alternating loads were studied. The results show that, there is a defined threshold for K40S alloy at elevated temperatures. The fatigue threshold is 23.9 MPa·m 1/2 at 700 ℃ and 12 MPa·m 1/2 at 900 ℃. The significant decrease of the threshold with increasing temperature is associated with the oxidation induced embrittlement at crack tip. Observation on the fatigue fracture surfaces indicates a ductile fracture mechanism related to the fatigue crack growth.展开更多
Experimental study is performed on the probabilistic models for the long fatigue crack growth rates （da/dN） of LZ50 axle steel. An equation for crack growth rate was derived to consider the trend of stress intensity...Experimental study is performed on the probabilistic models for the long fatigue crack growth rates （da/dN） of LZ50 axle steel. An equation for crack growth rate was derived to consider the trend of stress intensity factor range going down to the threshold and the average stress effect. The probabilistic models were presented on the equation. They consist of the probabilistic da/dN-△K relations, the confidence-based da/dN-△K relations, and the probabilistic- and confidence-based da/dN-△K relations. Efforts were made respectively to characterize the effects of probabilistic assessments due to the scattering regularity of test data, the number of sampling, and both of them. These relations can provide wide selections for practice. Analysis on the test data of LZ50 steel indicates that the present models are available and feasible.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:12072363,12372373,51934007,52104234,52174091。
文摘The coal dynamic characteristic stress identification under dynamic load is important for guiding underground mineral mining and predicting underground dynamic disasters.In this article,the dynamic compression test of anthracite under five strain rates is carried out,the evolution law of three kinds of crack characteristic stress is analyzed,and a prediction model of the crack characteristic stress threshold considering the strain rate effect is established.Then,the rationality of crack characteristic stress under dynamic loading is discussed from the damage evolution standpoint,and the crack extension response mechanism during dynamic compression of anthracite is discussed.The result shows that the crack characteristic stress threshold is significantly influenced by the strain rate.The three characteristic stress thresholds are positively correlated with the strain rate,but the ratios to the crest stress gradually decrease.The increase in the strain rate strongly contributes to the crack extension behavior of anthracite.In the crack unstable extension phase,because of the increase of the strain rate,anthracite shows more energy dissipation under the same deformation in association with the stress concentration effect and the dynamic strength enhancement effect.The crack propagation rate is increased,the crack propagation path of the section is more complex,and more severe damage occurs before the dynamic failure of anthracite,which leads to even more severe damage.
文摘Curves of △Kth vs.△ath and △Kcl·th vs.△ath for aluminum-lithium alloy 2090 have been determined and compared with those for traditional aluminum alloy 2024.The growth resistance of short fatigue cracks for aluminum-lithium alloy 2090 is quantitatively evaluated.The essential reason resulting in stronger short cracks effect has been ascertained.Influence of cerium on the growth behavior of short fatigue cracks for aluminum-lithium alloy 2090 was investigated.The results show that by adding cerium into this alloy a significant improvement in △Ki can be achieved and at the same time △Kcl·th is increased.Consequently,the essential factor resulting in lower growth resistance of short fatigue cracks for this alloy is removed and the growth resistance of long and short fatigue cracks is increased.
文摘Threshold of fatigue for short through cracks for Al-Li alloy 8090 was evaluated to be lower than that of long cracks,and to decrease with the shortening of the crack length.The correla- tion among the threshold,crack wake,and crack tip shielding of the short fatigue cracks was discussed.The super demarcation length and lowest theoretical threshold of short through fa- tigue cracks were presented.
文摘The effect of pearlite interlamellar spacing(d)from 0.31 to 0.77 μm of T8 steel on fatigue crack propagation near threshold has been investigated at different stress ratios(R).The closure stress intensity factor(K_(cl)),the threshold value(ΔK_(th))and crack tip opening dis- placement range(ΔCOD)were measured.The results show that pearlite interlamellar spac- ing in this range has no effect on K_(cl),but has effect on the threshold value in low stress ratio. The threshold value is higher for materials with larger interlamellar spacing.No matter what the stress ratio is,during the propagation near threshold,the propagation rate will be the same,provieded the crack tip opening displacement range is the same. Metallurgical examinations were also carried out to show that the crack propagation path is sensitive to mierostructure.The crack always propagates along either boundary of pearlite colony or ferrite lamellar in pearlite.
文摘Near-threshold fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a cold-worked copper tested with distinct fa- tigue testing systems under different stress ratios has been investigated.The emphasis was placed on the evaluation of crack closure effect as well as the effective fatigue threshold,It was found that the fatigue threshold for R=0 is higher than those for R=-1 and R=0.4,for which almost the same threshold value was derived.Compared with the conventional closure evaluation method,the pro- posed new closure evaluation method can generally interpret the dependence of the fatigue thresh- old on stress ratio and loading condition,and leads to a higher and relatively constant effective fa- tigue threshold of about 3 MPa·m^(1/2) for the cold-worked copper at different stress ratios and loading conditions.
基金Sponsored by the Fundamental Research Foundation of Harbin Engineering University(Grant No.HEUFT07007)
文摘To investigate the relation between material＇s cychc plastic behaviour and fatigue crack growth, a new model is proposed. The model incorporated the two intrinsic properties of material＇ s cyclic plastic and crack tip＇ s deformation dislocation to interpret fatigue crack threshold. The relation between material＇ s cyclic hardening parameters （cyclic hardening amplitude and cyclic hardening rate） and fatigue threshold is studied. Fatigue threshold is determined based on the dislocation-free zone （DFZ） model, the theory of cohesive zone and the cyclic deformation behaviour. The results show that fatigue threshold increases with the decrease of the amplitude of cyclic hardening and is independent of cyclic hardening rate, but fatigue crack growth rate increases with the increase of cyclic hardening rate.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50375130 and 50323003)the Special Foundation for the Authors of National Excellent Doctoral Disserta tions (No. 200234)the Outstanding Young Teachers Program of State Education Ministry (No. 2101)
文摘A so-called 'local probabilistic Paris relation method' was presented for measuring the random thresholds of long fatigue crack propagation. A check was made to the conventional method, in which the thresholds were measured statistically and directly by the test data. It was revealed that this method was not reasonable because the test data have seldom a unified level of crack growth rates. Differently,in the presented method the Paris-Erdogan equation was applied to model the local test data around the thresholds. Local probabilistic relations with both the survival probability and the confidence were established on a lognormal distribution of the stress density factors. And then, the probabilistic thresholds were derived from the probabilistic factors with a given critical level of growth rate. An analysis on the test data of LZ50 axle steel for the Chinese railway vehicles verifies that the present method is feasible and available.
文摘SEM microfractography of near-threshold fatigue crack propagation were carried out in the dual-phase steels of 3 martensite morphologies and 6 volume fractions of martensite (V_m). All of them are featured by cyclic cleavage characteristics in near-threshold region,i.e.,main- ly controlled by mode Ⅱ stress.In the higher ΔK regions,the fracture surfaces are character- ized by mixed modes including cyclic cleavage facets,two types of secondary cracks and striations,etc..The roughness-induced crack closure of fracture surface is attributed primarily to extreme high fatigue crack growth threshold values.
基金Project(0722018)supported by the China Three Gorges CorporationProject(2012KJX01)supported by the Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design&Maintenance,China
文摘Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propagation rule and the residual life estimation method of large-module rack is of great significance. The possible crack distribution forms of the rack in the Three Gorges shiplift were studied. By applying moving load on the model in FRANC3 D and ANSYS, quantitative analyses of interference effects on double cracks in both collinear and offset conditions were conducted. The variation rule of the stress intensity factor(SIF) influence factor, RK, of double collinear cracks changing with crack spacing ratio, RS, was researched. The horizontal and vertical crack spacing threshold of double cracks within the design life of the shiplift were obtained, which are 24 and 4 times as large as half of initial crack length, c0, respectively. The crack growth rates along the length and depth directions in the process of coalescence on double collinear cracks were also studied.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50375130and50323003), the Special Foundation of National Excellent Ph.D.Thesis (No.200234) and thePlanned Itemforthe Outstanding Young Teachers ofMinistry ofEducationofChina (No.2101)
文摘Experimental study is performed on the probabilistic models for the long fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN) of LZ50 axle steel. An equation for crack growth rate was derived to consider the trend of stress intensity factor range going down to the threshold and the average stress effect. The probabilistic models were presented on the equation. They consist of the probabilistic da/dN-ΔK relations, the confidence-based da/dN-ΔK relations, and the probabilistic- and confidence-based da/dN-ΔK relations. Efforts were made respectively to characterize the effects of probabilistic assessments due to the scattering regularity of test data, the number of sampling, and both of them. These relations can provide wide selections for practice. Analysis on the test data of LZ50 steel indicates that the present models are available and feasible.
基金financially supported by the Czech Science Foundation in the frame of the project No.22-28283Sby the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic through the project No.CK03000060.
文摘Statistical distribution of residual fatigue life(RFL)of railway axles under given loading was computed using the Monte Carlo method by considering random variation of the selected input parameters.Experimental data for the EA4T railway axle steel,the loading spectrum,the press fit loading and the residual stress induced by surface hardening were considered in the crack propagation simulations.Usually,the material properties measured by tensile tests are considered to be the most informative source of material data.Under fatigue loading,however,the crack growth rates near the threshold are the most critical data.Two important influencing factors on these crack growth rates are presented:first,the air humidity and,second,the near-surface residual stress.The typical variation of these parameters in operation may change the RFL by one or two orders of magnitude.Experimentally obtained crack growth thresholds and residual stress profiles are highly affected by the used methodology.Therefore,the obtained input data may be located anywhere within a large scatter,while the experimenters are completely unaware of it.This can lead to dangerously non-conservative situations,e.g.when the thresholds are measured in a laboratory under humid air conditions and then applied to predictions of RFLs of axles operated in winter in low air humidity.This is significant for the topic of inspection interval optimisation.The results of experiments done on real 1:1 railway axles were close to the most frequent value found in the histogram of the numerically computed RFLs.
文摘Threshold stress values, muging from ～8 to 16MPa·m1/2 can be obtained in a Ni-base alloy GH586 by varying the microstructure through heat treatments. The threshold and low crack growth rate behaviors at room temperature, with varying groin size and γ'-distribution, have been investigated. The results indicate that grain size is an important microstructurol parameter that affects fatigue crack growth threshold and propagation behaviors, as the values of △Kth increase with increasing grain size, but the γ' -distribution also has important effect. Analyses show that the effects of groin size on threshold and low crack-growth rate behavior result from heterogeneous deformation and roughness-induced crack closure due to crystallographic slipping and cracking in coarse microstructure. The higher △Kth and lower fatigue crack growth rate with increasing amounts of fine γ' phases are closely related to less damage accumulation level in deformation zone of crack-tip resulted from heterogeneous deformation due to dislocations' shearing γ' precipitates.
文摘Vickers indentation test was used to study the effects of mineral composition and microstructure on crack resistance of sintered ore, and the initiation and propagation of cracks in different minerals contained in sintered ore were examined. The results indicate that the microstructure of calcium ferrites is a major factor influencing crack resistance of sintered ore. Finer grain size of calcium ferrite will lead to higher cracking threshold and better crack resistance of sintered ore. The formation of calcium ferrite with fine grain size during sintering process is favorable for crack resistance of sintered ore.
基金supported by the Military Pre-study Project of General Armament Department of China(No.YG060101C)
文摘By comparison of the characteristics of existing models for long fatigue crack propagation rates, a new model, called the generalized passivation-lancet model for long fatigue crack propagation rates （GPLFCPR）, and a general formula for characterizing the process of crack growth rates are proposed based on the passivation-lancet theory. The GPLFCPR model overcomes disadvantages of the existing models and can describe the rules of the entire fatigue crack growth process from the cracking threshold to the critical fracturing point effectively with explicit physical meaning. It also reflects the influence of material characteristics, such as strength parameters, fracture parameters and heat treatment. Experimental results obtained by testing LZ50 steel, AlZnMgCu0.5, 0.5Cr0.5Mo0.25V steel, etc., show good consistency with the new model. The GPLFCPR model is valuable in theoretical research and practical applications.
基金Project(2014QNB31)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProjects(51674248)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China
文摘Tackling the problems of underground water storage in collieries in arid regions requires knowledge of the effect of water intrusion and loading rate on the mechanical properties of and crack development in coal–rock combinations. Fifty-four coal–rock combinations were prepared and split equally into groups containing different moisture contents(dry, natural moisture and saturated) to conduct acoustic emission testing under uniaxial compression with loading rates ranging from 0.1 mm/min to 0.6 mm/min. The results show that the peak stress and strength-softening modulus, elastic modulus, strain-softening modulus, and post-peak modulus partly decrease with increasing moisture content and loading rate. In contrast, peak strain increases with increasing moisture content and fluctuates with rising loading rate. More significantly, the relationship between stiffness and stress, combined with accumulated counts of acoustic emission, can be used to precisely predict all phases of crack propagation. This is helpful in studying the impact of moisture content and loading rate on crack propagation and accurately calculating mechanical properties. We also determined that the stress thresholds of crack closure, crack initiation, and crack damage do not vary with changes of moisture content and loading rate, constituting 15.22%, 32.20%, and 80.98% of peak stress, respectively. These outcomes assist in developing approaches to water storage in coal mines, determining the necessary width of waterproof coal–rock pillars, and methods of supporting water-enriched roadways, while also advances understanding the mechanical properties of coal–rock combinations and laws of crack propagation.
文摘Fatigue crack propagation behavior of K40S cobalt-base superalloy under ambient atmosphere at 700 ℃ and 900 ℃ was investigated. The detailed fatigue crack propagation and fracture mechanism under the alternating loads were studied. The results show that, there is a defined threshold for K40S alloy at elevated temperatures. The fatigue threshold is 23.9 MPa·m 1/2 at 700 ℃ and 12 MPa·m 1/2 at 900 ℃. The significant decrease of the threshold with increasing temperature is associated with the oxidation induced embrittlement at crack tip. Observation on the fatigue fracture surfaces indicates a ductile fracture mechanism related to the fatigue crack growth.
基金国家自然科学基金，Special Foundation of National Excellent Ph.D.Thesis，Outstanding Young Teachers of Ministry of Education of China
文摘Experimental study is performed on the probabilistic models for the long fatigue crack growth rates （da/dN） of LZ50 axle steel. An equation for crack growth rate was derived to consider the trend of stress intensity factor range going down to the threshold and the average stress effect. The probabilistic models were presented on the equation. They consist of the probabilistic da/dN-△K relations, the confidence-based da/dN-△K relations, and the probabilistic- and confidence-based da/dN-△K relations. Efforts were made respectively to characterize the effects of probabilistic assessments due to the scattering regularity of test data, the number of sampling, and both of them. These relations can provide wide selections for practice. Analysis on the test data of LZ50 steel indicates that the present models are available and feasible.
