目的:探究血清CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGFA)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝纤维化和代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2024年1月在本院就诊的NAFLD患者116例(NAFLD组)作为研究对象,根据患者否并发MS分...目的:探究血清CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGFA)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝纤维化和代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2024年1月在本院就诊的NAFLD患者116例(NAFLD组)作为研究对象,根据患者否并发MS分为MS组(42例)和非MS组(74例),另取同期体检健康者66例作为对照组。收集所有受试者的临床资料;采用ELISA法检测血清中CCL2和VEGFA表达量;Pearson法分析血清CCL2、VEGFA水平与肝纤维化及MS相关指标的相关性;Logistic多因素分析影响NAFLD患者并发MS的因素;受试者工作特征曲线分析血清CCL2和VEGFA水平对NAFLD患者并发MS的预测价值。结果:NAFLD患者血清CCL2、VEGFA水平以及肝纤维化指标层黏连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MS组的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、甘油三椡(TG)、CCL2、VEGFA水平显著高于非MS组,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平显著低于非MS组(P<0.05)。血清中CCL2和VEGFA水平与LN、HA、PCⅢ、ⅣC、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、2 h PG、TG呈正相关,与ALT、AST呈负相关(P<0.05)。收缩压、舒张压、FPG、2 h PG、TG、CCL2、VEGFA是影响NAFLD患者并发MS的危险因素,ALT、AST是影响NAFLD患者并发MS的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清CCL2和VEGFA水平以及联合预测NAFLD患者并发MS情况的曲线下面积分别为0.842、0.884和0.938,联合预测优于各自单独预测(Z_(联合-CCL2)=2.959、Z_(联合-VEGFA)=2.731,P=0.003、0.006)。结论:NAFLD患者血清CCL2和VEGFA水平升高,且二者与NAFLD患者肝纤维化和MS密切相关,二者联合对NAFLD患者并发MS具有较高的预测价值。展开更多
Background:Globally,the use of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the delivery of vaccination services has been hampered by several factors,laws,and regulations that do not support pharmacists to participate in t...Background:Globally,the use of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the delivery of vaccination services has been hampered by several factors,laws,and regulations that do not support pharmacists to participate in the delivery of vaccination services.With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic,many countries have included community pharmacists and pharmacies in vaccination services to improve coverage.This study described the delivery of vaccination services in community pharmacies using the COVID-19 experience and how their involvement impacted vaccination coverage in Nigeria.It also exposed how this experience can be used to support policy revisions to formally recognize pharmacists in immunization delivery.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 474 community pharmacists in two southwestern States in Nigeria,using a semi-structured questionnaire.It determines the number of community pharmacists who have been trained in the delivery of vaccination services,the types of vaccination services provided,and vaccines administered in their pharmacies.Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics and p-value at≤0.05.Results:Response rate was 86.7%.Less than half of the respondents(40.1%)had undergone vaccination training.Of the 129(31.4%)respondents that provide vaccination services,72(55.8%)administer vaccines in their pharmacies.Out of these 72 respondents;45(62.5%)were administering vaccines before their involvement in COVID-19 vaccine administration;57(79.2%)of the health personnel who administer vaccines were pharmacists;60(83.3%)of them administer vaccines on request;22(30.6%)administered COVID-19 vaccines only;and only 7(9.7%)of the respondents had administered over 500 doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Training in vaccination was associated with the vaccination services provided(p<0.05).Respondents suggested government support through legal framework and policy review,training and empowering pharmacists in vaccine administration,and recognition of community pharmacists as PHC providers.展开更多
Objective:To assess the complete vaccination coverage and timeliness of childhood vaccinations among Indigenous children in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:The study utilized data from the 2022 Orang Asli Health Survey,a ...Objective:To assess the complete vaccination coverage and timeliness of childhood vaccinations among Indigenous children in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:The study utilized data from the 2022 Orang Asli Health Survey,a cross-sectional survey conducted among a representative sample of Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia.A total of 68 villages were randomly selected from a pool of 853 villages,encompassing diverse geographic and sociodemographic contexts with a total of 15950 respondents Orang Asli successfully interviewed.However,this study only utilized data from surveyed children aged 12 to 59 months with a total of 1551 children included.Validated structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and health status,with nurses verifying vaccination records.Children who received all nine primary vaccinations were defined as having complete vaccination while those who received vaccine within the recommended time were defined as having timely vaccination.Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 25.0,focusing on descriptive analyses of children's vaccination status.Results:The prevalence of overall complete vaccination among Indigenous children was 87.7%,while timely vaccination was only 40.3%.The prevalence of complete vaccination for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG),the first dose of hepatitis B,three doses of DTaP-IPV-Hib,and measles,mumps,and rubella(MMR)was above 95.0%,except for the second and third doses of hepatitis B.The prevalence of timely vaccination ranged from above 95.0%for vaccines given at birth,gradually decreasing with increasing age to 57.5%for the first dose of MMR.Moreover,the completion rates for three doses of DtaP-IPV-Hib and the initial dose of MMR surpassed 90%among Indigenous children aged 12-23 months,yet the timeliness remained at a moderate level.Conclusions:While the overall complete vaccination coverage among Indigenous children in Malaysia is relatively high,there are concerning disparities in the timeliness of vaccination,particularly as children age.展开更多
Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,00...Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely utilized in area coverage tasks due to their flexibility and efficiency in geo-graphic information acquisition.However,complex boundary conditions in actual water area maps oft...Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely utilized in area coverage tasks due to their flexibility and efficiency in geo-graphic information acquisition.However,complex boundary conditions in actual water area maps often reduce coverage efficiency.To address this issue,this paper proposes a map preprocessing algorithm that linearizes boundary lines and processes concave areas into concave polygons,followed by gridding the map.Additionally,a collaborative area coverage method for UAV swarms is introduced based on region partitioning,which considers the comprehensive cost of energy consumption and time.An improved Hungarian algorithm is utilized for region partitioning,and a Dubins-A*-based plow-ing area full coverage path planning method is proposed to achieve path smoothing and collaborative coverage of each partition.Two sets of simulation experiments are conducted.The first experiment verifies the effectiveness of the map preprocessing algorithm,and the second compares the proposed collaborative area coverage algorithm with other methods,demonstrating its performance advantages.展开更多
文摘目的:探究血清CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGFA)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝纤维化和代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2024年1月在本院就诊的NAFLD患者116例(NAFLD组)作为研究对象,根据患者否并发MS分为MS组(42例)和非MS组(74例),另取同期体检健康者66例作为对照组。收集所有受试者的临床资料;采用ELISA法检测血清中CCL2和VEGFA表达量;Pearson法分析血清CCL2、VEGFA水平与肝纤维化及MS相关指标的相关性;Logistic多因素分析影响NAFLD患者并发MS的因素;受试者工作特征曲线分析血清CCL2和VEGFA水平对NAFLD患者并发MS的预测价值。结果:NAFLD患者血清CCL2、VEGFA水平以及肝纤维化指标层黏连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MS组的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、甘油三椡(TG)、CCL2、VEGFA水平显著高于非MS组,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平显著低于非MS组(P<0.05)。血清中CCL2和VEGFA水平与LN、HA、PCⅢ、ⅣC、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、2 h PG、TG呈正相关,与ALT、AST呈负相关(P<0.05)。收缩压、舒张压、FPG、2 h PG、TG、CCL2、VEGFA是影响NAFLD患者并发MS的危险因素,ALT、AST是影响NAFLD患者并发MS的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清CCL2和VEGFA水平以及联合预测NAFLD患者并发MS情况的曲线下面积分别为0.842、0.884和0.938,联合预测优于各自单独预测(Z_(联合-CCL2)=2.959、Z_(联合-VEGFA)=2.731,P=0.003、0.006)。结论:NAFLD患者血清CCL2和VEGFA水平升高,且二者与NAFLD患者肝纤维化和MS密切相关,二者联合对NAFLD患者并发MS具有较高的预测价值。
文摘Background:Globally,the use of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the delivery of vaccination services has been hampered by several factors,laws,and regulations that do not support pharmacists to participate in the delivery of vaccination services.With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic,many countries have included community pharmacists and pharmacies in vaccination services to improve coverage.This study described the delivery of vaccination services in community pharmacies using the COVID-19 experience and how their involvement impacted vaccination coverage in Nigeria.It also exposed how this experience can be used to support policy revisions to formally recognize pharmacists in immunization delivery.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 474 community pharmacists in two southwestern States in Nigeria,using a semi-structured questionnaire.It determines the number of community pharmacists who have been trained in the delivery of vaccination services,the types of vaccination services provided,and vaccines administered in their pharmacies.Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics and p-value at≤0.05.Results:Response rate was 86.7%.Less than half of the respondents(40.1%)had undergone vaccination training.Of the 129(31.4%)respondents that provide vaccination services,72(55.8%)administer vaccines in their pharmacies.Out of these 72 respondents;45(62.5%)were administering vaccines before their involvement in COVID-19 vaccine administration;57(79.2%)of the health personnel who administer vaccines were pharmacists;60(83.3%)of them administer vaccines on request;22(30.6%)administered COVID-19 vaccines only;and only 7(9.7%)of the respondents had administered over 500 doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Training in vaccination was associated with the vaccination services provided(p<0.05).Respondents suggested government support through legal framework and policy review,training and empowering pharmacists in vaccine administration,and recognition of community pharmacists as PHC providers.
文摘Objective:To assess the complete vaccination coverage and timeliness of childhood vaccinations among Indigenous children in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:The study utilized data from the 2022 Orang Asli Health Survey,a cross-sectional survey conducted among a representative sample of Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia.A total of 68 villages were randomly selected from a pool of 853 villages,encompassing diverse geographic and sociodemographic contexts with a total of 15950 respondents Orang Asli successfully interviewed.However,this study only utilized data from surveyed children aged 12 to 59 months with a total of 1551 children included.Validated structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and health status,with nurses verifying vaccination records.Children who received all nine primary vaccinations were defined as having complete vaccination while those who received vaccine within the recommended time were defined as having timely vaccination.Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 25.0,focusing on descriptive analyses of children's vaccination status.Results:The prevalence of overall complete vaccination among Indigenous children was 87.7%,while timely vaccination was only 40.3%.The prevalence of complete vaccination for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG),the first dose of hepatitis B,three doses of DTaP-IPV-Hib,and measles,mumps,and rubella(MMR)was above 95.0%,except for the second and third doses of hepatitis B.The prevalence of timely vaccination ranged from above 95.0%for vaccines given at birth,gradually decreasing with increasing age to 57.5%for the first dose of MMR.Moreover,the completion rates for three doses of DtaP-IPV-Hib and the initial dose of MMR surpassed 90%among Indigenous children aged 12-23 months,yet the timeliness remained at a moderate level.Conclusions:While the overall complete vaccination coverage among Indigenous children in Malaysia is relatively high,there are concerning disparities in the timeliness of vaccination,particularly as children age.
基金supported by the Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine-Vaccine and Immunization Youth Talent Support Project(CPMAQT-YM0314)。
文摘Influenza is a significant global public health challenge,with seasonal epidemics imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations,causing 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths worldwide each year[1].Vaccines are an effective means of preventing influenza.In recent years,China has made progress in vaccine development and immunization strategies.The population is recommended to receive influenza vaccines annually;however,their coverage remain suboptimal[2].The World Health Organization(WHO)highlights that all countries should consider implementing seasonal influenza immunization programs,with priority groups determined based on local epidemiological contexts.In alignment with the Immunization Agenda 2030,the use of seasonal influenza vaccines contributes to strengthening the life course of immunization and serves as a critical component for addressing influenza pandemics,as outlined in the WHO Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62402020,62303022)Beijing Nova Program(20240484720)+1 种基金Project of Cultivation for Young Top-Notch Talents of Beijing Municipal Institutions(BPHR202203043)BTBU Digital Business Platform Project byBMEC.
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are widely utilized in area coverage tasks due to their flexibility and efficiency in geo-graphic information acquisition.However,complex boundary conditions in actual water area maps often reduce coverage efficiency.To address this issue,this paper proposes a map preprocessing algorithm that linearizes boundary lines and processes concave areas into concave polygons,followed by gridding the map.Additionally,a collaborative area coverage method for UAV swarms is introduced based on region partitioning,which considers the comprehensive cost of energy consumption and time.An improved Hungarian algorithm is utilized for region partitioning,and a Dubins-A*-based plow-ing area full coverage path planning method is proposed to achieve path smoothing and collaborative coverage of each partition.Two sets of simulation experiments are conducted.The first experiment verifies the effectiveness of the map preprocessing algorithm,and the second compares the proposed collaborative area coverage algorithm with other methods,demonstrating its performance advantages.
