The coverability of Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs） is essentially a Quality of Service （QoS） problem that measures how well the monitored area is covered by one or more sensor nodes. The coverability of WSNs was ...The coverability of Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs） is essentially a Quality of Service （QoS） problem that measures how well the monitored area is covered by one or more sensor nodes. The coverability of WSNs was examined by combining existing computational geometry techniques such as the Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation with graph theoretical algorithmic techniques. Three new evaluation algorithms, known as CRM （Comprehensive Risk Minimization）, TWS （Threshold Weight Shortest path） and CSM （Comprehensive Support Maximization）, were introduced to better measure the coverability. The experimental results show that the CRM and CSM algorithms perform better than the MAM （MAximize Minimum weight） and MIM （Minimize Maximum weight） algorithms, respectively. In addition, the TWS algorithm can provide a lower bound detection possibility that accurately reflects the coverability of the wireless sensor nodes. Both theoretical and experimental analyses show that the proposed CRM, TWS, and CSM algorithms have O（n2） complexity.展开更多
This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis...This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.展开更多
This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific(EP)and central Pacific(CP)El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation(SSR)in southern China,revealing different spatial distributions and und...This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific(EP)and central Pacific(CP)El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation(SSR)in southern China,revealing different spatial distributions and underlying mechanisms.The results show that,during the developing winter of EP El Niño,significant SSR reductions occur in southwestern China and the east coast of southern China due to a strong,zonally extended Northwest Pacific anticyclone that transports moisture from the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian Ocean,while the northeast of southern China experiences a weak increase in SSR.In contrast,during the developing winter of CP El Niño,SSR decreases in the east of southern China with a significant decrease in the lower basin of the Yangtze River but an increase in the west of southern China with a remarkable increase in eastern Yunnan.The pronounced east-west dipole pattern in SSR anomalies is driven by a meridionally elongated Northwest Pacific anticyclone,which enhances northward moisture transport to the east of southern China while leaving western areas drier.Further research reveals that distinct moisture anomalies during the developing winter of EP and CP events result in divergent SSR distributions across southern China,primarily through modulating the total cloud cover.These findings highlight the critical need to differentiate between El Niño types when predicting medium and long-term variability of radiation in southern China.展开更多
Accurate spatio-temporal land cover information in agricultural irrigation districts is crucial for effective agricultural management and crop production.Therefore,a spectralphenological-based land cover classificatio...Accurate spatio-temporal land cover information in agricultural irrigation districts is crucial for effective agricultural management and crop production.Therefore,a spectralphenological-based land cover classification(SPLC)method combined with a fusion model(flexible spatiotemporal data fusion,FSDAF)(abbreviated as SPLC-F)was proposed to map multi-year land cover and crop type(LC-CT)distribution in agricultural irrigated areas with complex landscapes and cropping system,using time series optical images(Landsat and MODIS).The SPLC-F method was well validated and applied in a super-large irrigated area(Hetao)of the upper Yellow River Basin(YRB).Results showed that the SPLC-F method had a satisfactory performance in producing long-term LC-CT maps in Hetao,without the requirement of field sampling.Then,the spatio-temporal variation and the driving factors of the cropping systems were further analyzed with the aid of detailed household surveys and statistics.We clarified that irrigation and salinity conditions were the main factors that had impacts on crop spatial distribution in the upper YRB.Investment costs,market demand,and crop price are the main driving factors in determining the temporal variations in cropping distribution.Overall,this study provided essential multi-year LC-CT maps for sustainable management of agriculture,eco-environments,and food security in the upper YRB.展开更多
Human well-being and livelihoods depend on natural ecosystem services(ESs).Following the increment of population,ESs have been deteriorated over time.Ultimately,land use/land cover(LULC)changes have a profound impact ...Human well-being and livelihoods depend on natural ecosystem services(ESs).Following the increment of population,ESs have been deteriorated over time.Ultimately,land use/land cover(LULC)changes have a profound impact on the change of ecosystem.The primary goal of this study is to determine the impacts of LULC changes on ecosystem service values(ESVs)in the upper Gilgel Abbay watershed,Ethiopia.Changes in LULC types were studied using three Landsat images representing 1986,2003,and 2021.The Landsat images were classified using a supervised image classification technique in Earth Resources Data Analysis System(ERDAS)Imagine 2014.We classified ESs in this study into four categories(including provisioning,regulating,supporting,and cultural services)based on global ES classification scheme.The adjusted ESV coefficient benefit approach was employed to measure the impacts of LULC changes on ESVs.Five LULC types were identified in this study,including cultivated land,forest,shrubland,grassland,and water body.The result revealed that the area of cultivated land accounted for 64.50%,71.50%,and 61.50%of the total area in 1986,2003,and 2021,respectively.The percentage of the total area covered by forest was 9.50%,5.90%,and 14.80%in 1986,2003,and 2021,respectively.Result revealed that the total ESV decreased from 7.42×10^(7) to 6.44×10^(7) USD between 1986 and 2003.This is due to the expansion of cultivated land at the expense of forest and shrubland.However,the total ESV increased from 6.44×10^(7) to 7.76×10^(7) USD during 2003-2021,because of the increment of forest and shrubland.The expansion of cultivated land and the reductions of forest and shrubland reduced most individual ESs during 1986-2003.Nevertheless,the increase in forest and shrubland at the expense of cultivated land enhanced many ESs during 2003-2021.Therefore,the findings suggest that appropriate land use practices should be scaled-up to sustainably maintain ESs.展开更多
The middle reaches of the Yellow River represent a critically ecologically sensitive and fragile area within the Yellow River Basin(YRB),holding significant scientific value for ecological security assessment and envi...The middle reaches of the Yellow River represent a critically ecologically sensitive and fragile area within the Yellow River Basin(YRB),holding significant scientific value for ecological security assessment and environmental management strategies.This study comprehensively evaluates the evolution of the eco-environment in the“Two Mountains,Seven Rivers,and One Basin”(TSO)area of Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2020 based on fraction vegetation cover(FVC)derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),net primary productivity(NPP)calculated via the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach(CASA),and the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI).The results indicate a significant improvement in the TSO’s eco-environment from 2000 to 2020,with the RSEI values increased from 0.34 in 2000 to 0.41 in 2020(an increase of 17.76%).Both FVC and NPP demonstrated notable upward trends,with FVC increasing by 22.74%and NPP by 53.11%.Spatially,FVC rose by 21.84%,19.72%and 26.06%,respectively in the Two Mountains,Seven Rivers,and the YRB in Shanxi Province.Similarly,the NPPs increased by 51.60%,48.60%,and 61.65%in these regions over the past 21 years.Both FVC and NPP exhibited decreasing patterns from southeast to northwest,with significant eco-environmental improvements in the northern region and slower recovery in the southern region.Precipitation was the primary causes influencing vegetation recovery,showing positive trends in the central and northern TSO regions,while this trend reversed in the southern.The RSEI value indicate substantial eco-environment improvements in the central and northern areas(Sanggan,Daqing and Hutuo River Basins),whereas the southern regions(e.g.,Zhang,Qin,Fen and Sushui River Basins)remain in poor grade.Human activities,particularly land use/cover changes marked by increased forestation and urbanization alongside decreased cultivated land,significantly affected vegetation cover patterns.This study provides scientific references for formulating policies on ecological construction and high-quality development in the YRB.展开更多
Since the beginning of the 21st century,advances in big data and artificial intelligence have driven a paradigm shift in the geosciences,moving the field from qualitative descriptions toward quantitative analysis,from...Since the beginning of the 21st century,advances in big data and artificial intelligence have driven a paradigm shift in the geosciences,moving the field from qualitative descriptions toward quantitative analysis,from observing phenomena to uncovering underlying mechanisms,from regional-scale investigations to global perspectives,and from experience-based inference toward data-and model-enabled intelligent prediction.AlphaEarth Foundations(AEF)is a next-generation geospatial intelligence platform that addresses these changes by introducing a unified 64-dimensional shared embedding space,enabling-for the first time-standardized representation and seamless integration of 12 distinct types of Earth observation data,including optical,radar,and lidar.This framework significantly improves data assimilation efficiency and resolves the persistent problem of“data silos”in geoscience research.AEF is helping redefine research methodologies and fostering breakthroughs,particularly in quantitative Earth system science.This paper systematically examines how AEF’s innovative architecture-featuring multi-source data fusion,high-dimensional feature representation learning,and a scalable computational framework-facilitates intelligent,precise,and realtime data-driven geoscientific research.Using case studies from resource and environmental applications,we demonstrate AEF’s broad potential and identify emerging innovation needs.Our findings show that AEF not only enhances the efficiency of solving traditional geoscientific problems but also stimulates novel research directions and methodological approaches.展开更多
General Rules.Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters.The journal requires a cover ...General Rules.Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters.The journal requires a cover letter be included in submissions.A cover letter should explain why this topic is important,why these results are significant and what the novelty of this work is.展开更多
Global challenges,including resource inefficiency,rising food demand,sustainability concerns,and climate change,necessitate more efficient and resilient agricultural systems.Conservation agriculture(CA),which is based...Global challenges,including resource inefficiency,rising food demand,sustainability concerns,and climate change,necessitate more efficient and resilient agricultural systems.Conservation agriculture(CA),which is based on the principles of the minimum mechanical soil disturbance,permanent soil organic cover,and species diversification,provides a promising solution.This study examined the principles and mechanisms of CA,assessed its benefits and constraints,and identified key research gaps.This study focused on CA outcomes related to soil health,biodiversity,productivity,and ecosystem services,considering factors such as climate,soil type,and management practices.CA has demonstrated the potential to improve soil health,enhance biodiversity,and boost productivity across diverse regions.However,its effectiveness has been found to vary across studies,emphasizing the need for a more critical understanding of its benefits and limitations.Moreover,variations in outcomes are evident due to differences in experimental methodologies,environmental conditions,and socioeconomic factors.For the widespread adoption of CA practices,it is necessary to make personalized adjustments to it,integrating the corresponding technologies,thereby meeting the needs of farmers.Interdisciplinary research is crucial to refining CA practices and addressing existing knowledge gaps.This study is practiced to enhance the understanding of the potential of CA to promote a sustainable global food production system.展开更多
The growth of Sakhalin fir(Abies sachalinen-sis)seedlings,an important forest tree species in northern Hokkaido,Japan,is significantly affected by competition from surrounding vegetation,especially evergreen dwarf bam...The growth of Sakhalin fir(Abies sachalinen-sis)seedlings,an important forest tree species in northern Hokkaido,Japan,is significantly affected by competition from surrounding vegetation,especially evergreen dwarf bamboo.In this study,we investigated the height and root collar diameter(RCD)growth of Sakhalin fir seedlings under various degrees of cover by deciduous vegetation and evergreen dwarf bamboo.Generalized additive models were used to quantify the effects of canopy cover and forest floor cover on the relative growth rates of these two parameters.The canopy cover of Sakhalin fir seedlings had a nonlin-ear negative effect on both the height growth of seedlings in the subsequent year and the RCD growth in the current year,given the general growth pattern in this species,where height growth ceases in early summer and RCD growth con-tinues until autumn.Height growth declined sharply after the canopy cover rate exceeded 50%,while RCD growth declined rapidly between 0 and 50%canopy cover rate.The forest floor cover had a greater negative impact on RCD growth than on height growth.These results suggested that Sakhalin fir seedlings respond to vegetative competition by prioritizing height growth for light acquisition at the expense of diameter growth and possibly root growth for below-ground competition.The cover of evergreen dwarf bamboo reduced the height growth of fir seedlings significantly more than the cover of deciduous vegetation.This difference is likely due to the timing of light availability.When competing with deciduous vegetation,Sakhalin fir seedlings exposed to light during the post-snow melt and early spring before the development of the deciduous vegetation canopy can photosynthesize more effectively,leading to greater height growth.The results of this study highlighted the importance of vegetation control considering the type of vegetation for successful Sakhalin fir reforestation.Adjusting the intensity and timing of weeding based on the presence and abundance of dwarf bamboo and other competing vegetation could potentially reduce weeding costs and increase biodiversity in reforested areas.展开更多
With the most advanced and sophisticated technologies and equipment,NYBELT is one of the largest manufacturers of flat transmission belts in the world.Under the Certified Quality,Environment,Occupational Health&Sa...With the most advanced and sophisticated technologies and equipment,NYBELT is one of the largest manufacturers of flat transmission belts in the world.Under the Certified Quality,Environment,Occupational Health&Safety,and Energy Standardized ISO Management System,NYBELT can produce all kinds of flat transmission belts,roller coverings and conveyor belts applicable to textile,printing&packaging,electronics and other industries.Due to the superior quality and the reasonable prices,we have become well known in providing high quality belting products and excellent service to customers all over the world.Our success in the past gives us the confidence to look into the future with great expectations.展开更多
Land cover changes significantly affect mangrove forests,driven by both anthropogenic activities and natural processes.The Banlaem mangrove in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand,supports numerous mangrove plantation project...Land cover changes significantly affect mangrove forests,driven by both anthropogenic activities and natural processes.The Banlaem mangrove in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand,supports numerous mangrove plantation projects but lacks comprehensive assessments and monitoring related to land cover changes.This study aimed to(1)investigate land cover changes in the Banlaem mangrove from 1995 to 2023,and(2)generate a predictive model for future land cover changes.For land cover assessment,satellite imagery from multiple sources,including Sentinel-2(Level 2A)and Landsat(Collection 2 Level 2),was utilized to examine and classify changes in mangrove cover within the Banlaem mangrove forest from 1995 to 2023,using supervised classification with the maximum likelihood algorithm.Various regression models were analysed to develop a predictive model based on area size and time.The mangrove area in the Banlaem mangrove forest steadily grew throughout the study period,with the total area increasing from 56.16 ha in 1995 to 527.55 ha in 2023.This study represents the first analysis of changes in the Banlaem mangrove cover.Throughout the tested models,they reveal an unclear pattern of mangrove expansion,yet they indicate a high rate of expansion in the Banlaem mangrove forest.In addition,these results are expected to encourage greater community involvement in the monitoring and management of the Banlaem mangrove.We recommend establishing a community monitoring network to engage local residents in tracking changes in mangrove cover,supported by training and resources.展开更多
Manuscript Text and figures combined into a single file with page and line numbers up to3 MB in size in txt,doc,docx or tex files.Prepares your manuscript in the following order:Title page,Abstract,Introduction,Materi...Manuscript Text and figures combined into a single file with page and line numbers up to3 MB in size in txt,doc,docx or tex files.Prepares your manuscript in the following order:Title page,Abstract,Introduction,Materials and Methods,Results,Discussion,Acknowledgments,References,Tables,Figure Legends and Figures.Provide Cover letter and Supplementary Material(if necessary)at the same time.展开更多
Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed un...Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.展开更多
The Cover封面故事棘龙会游泳吗?这种凶猛的恐龙引燃了争议:研究人员对于棘龙到底是游泳者,还是涉水者始终保有分歧。可以肯定的是,确认第一只会游泳的恐龙将会改变游戏规则。Features特写阴暗的GLP-1在线市场:供应短缺和高昂的价格使Oz...The Cover封面故事棘龙会游泳吗?这种凶猛的恐龙引燃了争议:研究人员对于棘龙到底是游泳者,还是涉水者始终保有分歧。可以肯定的是,确认第一只会游泳的恐龙将会改变游戏规则。Features特写阴暗的GLP-1在线市场:供应短缺和高昂的价格使Ozempic和其他GLP-1药物(主要成分为司美格鲁肽)对一些患者来说遥不可及,但这些治疗糖尿病和用于减肥的药物的仿制品在网上却可以低廉的价格得到,但医生警告说它们有风险。展开更多
Land use change ranks as the second most significant human-made factor affecting climate,following greenhouse gas emissions.Patna is rapidly expanding cities in Bihar state.Urbanization caused substantial alterations ...Land use change ranks as the second most significant human-made factor affecting climate,following greenhouse gas emissions.Patna is rapidly expanding cities in Bihar state.Urbanization caused substantial alterations in land use patterns in Patna,driven by its rapid urban growth and increasing population.Urbanization and population growth caused a rapid increase in built structures to cater the demand,which caused reduction in vegetation,water body,and wasteland cover,due to which land cover changed.Land cover change detection plays a vital role in identifying its impact on diurnal temperature range(DTR).To study the impact,land use/land cover change map for the city is produced from Landsat images for the study area Patna during 1995 to 2023.The supervised classification method is used to identify substantial changes in vegetation cover during 1995 and 2023 as a result of changes in land use and land cover.Landsat image supervised classification shows a growth of 47.80 percent in built-up areas in the last 28 years in the city of Patna.The classified image also shows a consistent decline of 31.74 percent in vegetation cover over the period of 28 years.Urbanization-driven changes in land use and land cover have led to a significant decrease of 20.24 percent in the near-surface DTR,average decrease of 12.54 percent in maximum temperature and an increase of 75.68 percent in minimum temperature of the city.The study offers scientific insights into how urbanization and human activities are impacting the eco-environment of the city.展开更多
Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under...Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of vegetation responses to climate extremes is essential for predicting ecological risks.The Tianshan Mountains,the world's largest arid mountain system,are ecologically vulnerable to...A comprehensive understanding of vegetation responses to climate extremes is essential for predicting ecological risks.The Tianshan Mountains,the world's largest arid mountain system,are ecologically vulnerable to climate extremes,yet the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of vegetation responses is not well understood.To address this,we assessed changes in vegetation phenophases using the green-up date(GUD)and the monthly maximum vegetation index(MVI).Their relationship with climate extremes across seasons and geographic units was analyzed using Classification and Regression Tree and Principal Component Analysis.Results indicate that GUD advanced by 0.276 days/year,with MVI increasing in spring and decreasing in summer.On a yearly scale,nighttime heatwaves advanced GUD in all vegetation types at lower altitudes with higher snow cover,whereas daytime heatwaves delayed GUD in grasslands.On a monthly scale,early spring heatwaves generally benefitted vegetation,with positive effects decreasing from forests to grasslands:forests benefitted from March to May,forest-grassland from March to April,and grasslands only in March.By late summer,heatwaves were negatively correlated with MVI across all vegetation types.This study highlights the complex responses of vegetation to climate extremes and underscores the vulnerability of high-altitude,low snow-covered grasslands,which is crucial for guiding restoration efforts.展开更多
Invasive species are increasingly spreading,particularly in rangeland ecosystems.It is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for controlling invasive plants in these ecosystems.This study aimed ...Invasive species are increasingly spreading,particularly in rangeland ecosystems.It is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for controlling invasive plants in these ecosystems.This study aimed to investigate the effects of three strategies-21-year grazing exclusion(21-YES),mowing-grazing in rotation in alternate years(MGRS),and moderate grazing(MGS)-on the change in cover,density,and biomass of Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.(Ox-eye Daisy=OED)and the plant community.To accomplish this,three sites selected for each treatment.In 2021,270 vegetation plots were sampled using a random systematic method.Subsequently,we recorded the density and canopy cover of all growth forms(forbs,grasses,and ferns),the OED biomass,and the ground cover.The results indicated that MGS reduced OED density,OED canopy,and OED biomass.Furthermore,this strategy demonstrated the highest density and canopy cover of the plant community(including total,forbs,grasses,and ferns).Additionally,the strongest correlation was observed between the total canopy and the OED density(R2=-0.91,-0.95,-0.94 in 21-YES,MGRS,and MGS,respectively),as well as between the total canopy and the OED canopy(R2=-0.51,-0.98,-0.97 in 21-YES,MGRS,and MGS,respectively).The MGS led to an increase in diversity indices.In general,the grazing strategy has proven to be effective in controlling the spread of invasive OED and has also resulted in an increase in canopy cover,density,and diversity indices of the plant community.The study highlights the importance of ongoing management efforts to control invasive species,with moderate grazing potentially serving as a more practical,culturally accepted,and costeffective short-term control strategy for widespread rangeland weed infestations.展开更多
Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed un...Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.展开更多
文摘The coverability of Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs） is essentially a Quality of Service （QoS） problem that measures how well the monitored area is covered by one or more sensor nodes. The coverability of WSNs was examined by combining existing computational geometry techniques such as the Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation with graph theoretical algorithmic techniques. Three new evaluation algorithms, known as CRM （Comprehensive Risk Minimization）, TWS （Threshold Weight Shortest path） and CSM （Comprehensive Support Maximization）, were introduced to better measure the coverability. The experimental results show that the CRM and CSM algorithms perform better than the MAM （MAximize Minimum weight） and MIM （Minimize Maximum weight） algorithms, respectively. In addition, the TWS algorithm can provide a lower bound detection possibility that accurately reflects the coverability of the wireless sensor nodes. Both theoretical and experimental analyses show that the proposed CRM, TWS, and CSM algorithms have O（n2） complexity.
基金The National University of Mongolia,No.P2024-4814The Mongolian Science and Technology Foundation,No.CHN-2022/274The‘Chey Institute for Advanced Studies’International Scholar Exchange Fellowship for the Academic Year of 2025-2026。
文摘This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.
基金funded by a Project from China Southern Power Grid Company Ltd.(Nos.ZBKJXM20232481 and ZBKJXM20232482)。
文摘This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific(EP)and central Pacific(CP)El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation(SSR)in southern China,revealing different spatial distributions and underlying mechanisms.The results show that,during the developing winter of EP El Niño,significant SSR reductions occur in southwestern China and the east coast of southern China due to a strong,zonally extended Northwest Pacific anticyclone that transports moisture from the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian Ocean,while the northeast of southern China experiences a weak increase in SSR.In contrast,during the developing winter of CP El Niño,SSR decreases in the east of southern China with a significant decrease in the lower basin of the Yangtze River but an increase in the west of southern China with a remarkable increase in eastern Yunnan.The pronounced east-west dipole pattern in SSR anomalies is driven by a meridionally elongated Northwest Pacific anticyclone,which enhances northward moisture transport to the east of southern China while leaving western areas drier.Further research reveals that distinct moisture anomalies during the developing winter of EP and CP events result in divergent SSR distributions across southern China,primarily through modulating the total cloud cover.These findings highlight the critical need to differentiate between El Niño types when predicting medium and long-term variability of radiation in southern China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.52379053,No.52022108The Key Research Project of Science and Technology in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,No.NMKJXM202208,No.NMKJXM202301The Project Funded by the Water Resources Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,No.NSK202103。
文摘Accurate spatio-temporal land cover information in agricultural irrigation districts is crucial for effective agricultural management and crop production.Therefore,a spectralphenological-based land cover classification(SPLC)method combined with a fusion model(flexible spatiotemporal data fusion,FSDAF)(abbreviated as SPLC-F)was proposed to map multi-year land cover and crop type(LC-CT)distribution in agricultural irrigated areas with complex landscapes and cropping system,using time series optical images(Landsat and MODIS).The SPLC-F method was well validated and applied in a super-large irrigated area(Hetao)of the upper Yellow River Basin(YRB).Results showed that the SPLC-F method had a satisfactory performance in producing long-term LC-CT maps in Hetao,without the requirement of field sampling.Then,the spatio-temporal variation and the driving factors of the cropping systems were further analyzed with the aid of detailed household surveys and statistics.We clarified that irrigation and salinity conditions were the main factors that had impacts on crop spatial distribution in the upper YRB.Investment costs,market demand,and crop price are the main driving factors in determining the temporal variations in cropping distribution.Overall,this study provided essential multi-year LC-CT maps for sustainable management of agriculture,eco-environments,and food security in the upper YRB.
文摘Human well-being and livelihoods depend on natural ecosystem services(ESs).Following the increment of population,ESs have been deteriorated over time.Ultimately,land use/land cover(LULC)changes have a profound impact on the change of ecosystem.The primary goal of this study is to determine the impacts of LULC changes on ecosystem service values(ESVs)in the upper Gilgel Abbay watershed,Ethiopia.Changes in LULC types were studied using three Landsat images representing 1986,2003,and 2021.The Landsat images were classified using a supervised image classification technique in Earth Resources Data Analysis System(ERDAS)Imagine 2014.We classified ESs in this study into four categories(including provisioning,regulating,supporting,and cultural services)based on global ES classification scheme.The adjusted ESV coefficient benefit approach was employed to measure the impacts of LULC changes on ESVs.Five LULC types were identified in this study,including cultivated land,forest,shrubland,grassland,and water body.The result revealed that the area of cultivated land accounted for 64.50%,71.50%,and 61.50%of the total area in 1986,2003,and 2021,respectively.The percentage of the total area covered by forest was 9.50%,5.90%,and 14.80%in 1986,2003,and 2021,respectively.Result revealed that the total ESV decreased from 7.42×10^(7) to 6.44×10^(7) USD between 1986 and 2003.This is due to the expansion of cultivated land at the expense of forest and shrubland.However,the total ESV increased from 6.44×10^(7) to 7.76×10^(7) USD during 2003-2021,because of the increment of forest and shrubland.The expansion of cultivated land and the reductions of forest and shrubland reduced most individual ESs during 1986-2003.Nevertheless,the increase in forest and shrubland at the expense of cultivated land enhanced many ESs during 2003-2021.Therefore,the findings suggest that appropriate land use practices should be scaled-up to sustainably maintain ESs.
基金This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202203021212497,20210302123265)the Shanxi Normal University School Fund(Research Project on Major Issues of High-Quality Development in Shanxi Province,GZLFZ2327).
文摘The middle reaches of the Yellow River represent a critically ecologically sensitive and fragile area within the Yellow River Basin(YRB),holding significant scientific value for ecological security assessment and environmental management strategies.This study comprehensively evaluates the evolution of the eco-environment in the“Two Mountains,Seven Rivers,and One Basin”(TSO)area of Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2020 based on fraction vegetation cover(FVC)derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),net primary productivity(NPP)calculated via the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach(CASA),and the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI).The results indicate a significant improvement in the TSO’s eco-environment from 2000 to 2020,with the RSEI values increased from 0.34 in 2000 to 0.41 in 2020(an increase of 17.76%).Both FVC and NPP demonstrated notable upward trends,with FVC increasing by 22.74%and NPP by 53.11%.Spatially,FVC rose by 21.84%,19.72%and 26.06%,respectively in the Two Mountains,Seven Rivers,and the YRB in Shanxi Province.Similarly,the NPPs increased by 51.60%,48.60%,and 61.65%in these regions over the past 21 years.Both FVC and NPP exhibited decreasing patterns from southeast to northwest,with significant eco-environmental improvements in the northern region and slower recovery in the southern region.Precipitation was the primary causes influencing vegetation recovery,showing positive trends in the central and northern TSO regions,while this trend reversed in the southern.The RSEI value indicate substantial eco-environment improvements in the central and northern areas(Sanggan,Daqing and Hutuo River Basins),whereas the southern regions(e.g.,Zhang,Qin,Fen and Sushui River Basins)remain in poor grade.Human activities,particularly land use/cover changes marked by increased forestation and urbanization alongside decreased cultivated land,significantly affected vegetation cover patterns.This study provides scientific references for formulating policies on ecological construction and high-quality development in the YRB.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Project(No.42050103)Higher Education Disciplinary Innovation Program(No.B25052)+2 种基金the Guangdong Pearl River Talent Program Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team Project(No.2021ZT09H399)the Ministry of Education’s Frontiers Science Center for Deep-Time Digital Earth(DDE)(No.2652023001)Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey(DD20240206201)。
文摘Since the beginning of the 21st century,advances in big data and artificial intelligence have driven a paradigm shift in the geosciences,moving the field from qualitative descriptions toward quantitative analysis,from observing phenomena to uncovering underlying mechanisms,from regional-scale investigations to global perspectives,and from experience-based inference toward data-and model-enabled intelligent prediction.AlphaEarth Foundations(AEF)is a next-generation geospatial intelligence platform that addresses these changes by introducing a unified 64-dimensional shared embedding space,enabling-for the first time-standardized representation and seamless integration of 12 distinct types of Earth observation data,including optical,radar,and lidar.This framework significantly improves data assimilation efficiency and resolves the persistent problem of“data silos”in geoscience research.AEF is helping redefine research methodologies and fostering breakthroughs,particularly in quantitative Earth system science.This paper systematically examines how AEF’s innovative architecture-featuring multi-source data fusion,high-dimensional feature representation learning,and a scalable computational framework-facilitates intelligent,precise,and realtime data-driven geoscientific research.Using case studies from resource and environmental applications,we demonstrate AEF’s broad potential and identify emerging innovation needs.Our findings show that AEF not only enhances the efficiency of solving traditional geoscientific problems but also stimulates novel research directions and methodological approaches.
文摘General Rules.Journal of Polyphenols publishes research articles,reviews and short communications in English,on the fields of the science and technology of plant polyphenols.Cover Letters.The journal requires a cover letter be included in submissions.A cover letter should explain why this topic is important,why these results are significant and what the novelty of this work is.
文摘Global challenges,including resource inefficiency,rising food demand,sustainability concerns,and climate change,necessitate more efficient and resilient agricultural systems.Conservation agriculture(CA),which is based on the principles of the minimum mechanical soil disturbance,permanent soil organic cover,and species diversification,provides a promising solution.This study examined the principles and mechanisms of CA,assessed its benefits and constraints,and identified key research gaps.This study focused on CA outcomes related to soil health,biodiversity,productivity,and ecosystem services,considering factors such as climate,soil type,and management practices.CA has demonstrated the potential to improve soil health,enhance biodiversity,and boost productivity across diverse regions.However,its effectiveness has been found to vary across studies,emphasizing the need for a more critical understanding of its benefits and limitations.Moreover,variations in outcomes are evident due to differences in experimental methodologies,environmental conditions,and socioeconomic factors.For the widespread adoption of CA practices,it is necessary to make personalized adjustments to it,integrating the corresponding technologies,thereby meeting the needs of farmers.Interdisciplinary research is crucial to refining CA practices and addressing existing knowledge gaps.This study is practiced to enhance the understanding of the potential of CA to promote a sustainable global food production system.
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry,and Fisheries of Japan (25093 C)JSPS KAKENHI (JP23H02262)
文摘The growth of Sakhalin fir(Abies sachalinen-sis)seedlings,an important forest tree species in northern Hokkaido,Japan,is significantly affected by competition from surrounding vegetation,especially evergreen dwarf bamboo.In this study,we investigated the height and root collar diameter(RCD)growth of Sakhalin fir seedlings under various degrees of cover by deciduous vegetation and evergreen dwarf bamboo.Generalized additive models were used to quantify the effects of canopy cover and forest floor cover on the relative growth rates of these two parameters.The canopy cover of Sakhalin fir seedlings had a nonlin-ear negative effect on both the height growth of seedlings in the subsequent year and the RCD growth in the current year,given the general growth pattern in this species,where height growth ceases in early summer and RCD growth con-tinues until autumn.Height growth declined sharply after the canopy cover rate exceeded 50%,while RCD growth declined rapidly between 0 and 50%canopy cover rate.The forest floor cover had a greater negative impact on RCD growth than on height growth.These results suggested that Sakhalin fir seedlings respond to vegetative competition by prioritizing height growth for light acquisition at the expense of diameter growth and possibly root growth for below-ground competition.The cover of evergreen dwarf bamboo reduced the height growth of fir seedlings significantly more than the cover of deciduous vegetation.This difference is likely due to the timing of light availability.When competing with deciduous vegetation,Sakhalin fir seedlings exposed to light during the post-snow melt and early spring before the development of the deciduous vegetation canopy can photosynthesize more effectively,leading to greater height growth.The results of this study highlighted the importance of vegetation control considering the type of vegetation for successful Sakhalin fir reforestation.Adjusting the intensity and timing of weeding based on the presence and abundance of dwarf bamboo and other competing vegetation could potentially reduce weeding costs and increase biodiversity in reforested areas.
文摘With the most advanced and sophisticated technologies and equipment,NYBELT is one of the largest manufacturers of flat transmission belts in the world.Under the Certified Quality,Environment,Occupational Health&Safety,and Energy Standardized ISO Management System,NYBELT can produce all kinds of flat transmission belts,roller coverings and conveyor belts applicable to textile,printing&packaging,electronics and other industries.Due to the superior quality and the reasonable prices,we have become well known in providing high quality belting products and excellent service to customers all over the world.Our success in the past gives us the confidence to look into the future with great expectations.
文摘Land cover changes significantly affect mangrove forests,driven by both anthropogenic activities and natural processes.The Banlaem mangrove in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand,supports numerous mangrove plantation projects but lacks comprehensive assessments and monitoring related to land cover changes.This study aimed to(1)investigate land cover changes in the Banlaem mangrove from 1995 to 2023,and(2)generate a predictive model for future land cover changes.For land cover assessment,satellite imagery from multiple sources,including Sentinel-2(Level 2A)and Landsat(Collection 2 Level 2),was utilized to examine and classify changes in mangrove cover within the Banlaem mangrove forest from 1995 to 2023,using supervised classification with the maximum likelihood algorithm.Various regression models were analysed to develop a predictive model based on area size and time.The mangrove area in the Banlaem mangrove forest steadily grew throughout the study period,with the total area increasing from 56.16 ha in 1995 to 527.55 ha in 2023.This study represents the first analysis of changes in the Banlaem mangrove cover.Throughout the tested models,they reveal an unclear pattern of mangrove expansion,yet they indicate a high rate of expansion in the Banlaem mangrove forest.In addition,these results are expected to encourage greater community involvement in the monitoring and management of the Banlaem mangrove.We recommend establishing a community monitoring network to engage local residents in tracking changes in mangrove cover,supported by training and resources.
文摘Manuscript Text and figures combined into a single file with page and line numbers up to3 MB in size in txt,doc,docx or tex files.Prepares your manuscript in the following order:Title page,Abstract,Introduction,Materials and Methods,Results,Discussion,Acknowledgments,References,Tables,Figure Legends and Figures.Provide Cover letter and Supplementary Material(if necessary)at the same time.
文摘Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.
文摘Land use change ranks as the second most significant human-made factor affecting climate,following greenhouse gas emissions.Patna is rapidly expanding cities in Bihar state.Urbanization caused substantial alterations in land use patterns in Patna,driven by its rapid urban growth and increasing population.Urbanization and population growth caused a rapid increase in built structures to cater the demand,which caused reduction in vegetation,water body,and wasteland cover,due to which land cover changed.Land cover change detection plays a vital role in identifying its impact on diurnal temperature range(DTR).To study the impact,land use/land cover change map for the city is produced from Landsat images for the study area Patna during 1995 to 2023.The supervised classification method is used to identify substantial changes in vegetation cover during 1995 and 2023 as a result of changes in land use and land cover.Landsat image supervised classification shows a growth of 47.80 percent in built-up areas in the last 28 years in the city of Patna.The classified image also shows a consistent decline of 31.74 percent in vegetation cover over the period of 28 years.Urbanization-driven changes in land use and land cover have led to a significant decrease of 20.24 percent in the near-surface DTR,average decrease of 12.54 percent in maximum temperature and an increase of 75.68 percent in minimum temperature of the city.The study offers scientific insights into how urbanization and human activities are impacting the eco-environment of the city.
文摘Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871025The Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program,No.2022xjkk0100+1 种基金The Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.24ZR1440400The Young Talent Development Program in the Humanities at Shanghai Jiao Tong University,No.2025QN034。
文摘A comprehensive understanding of vegetation responses to climate extremes is essential for predicting ecological risks.The Tianshan Mountains,the world's largest arid mountain system,are ecologically vulnerable to climate extremes,yet the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of vegetation responses is not well understood.To address this,we assessed changes in vegetation phenophases using the green-up date(GUD)and the monthly maximum vegetation index(MVI).Their relationship with climate extremes across seasons and geographic units was analyzed using Classification and Regression Tree and Principal Component Analysis.Results indicate that GUD advanced by 0.276 days/year,with MVI increasing in spring and decreasing in summer.On a yearly scale,nighttime heatwaves advanced GUD in all vegetation types at lower altitudes with higher snow cover,whereas daytime heatwaves delayed GUD in grasslands.On a monthly scale,early spring heatwaves generally benefitted vegetation,with positive effects decreasing from forests to grasslands:forests benefitted from March to May,forest-grassland from March to April,and grasslands only in March.By late summer,heatwaves were negatively correlated with MVI across all vegetation types.This study highlights the complex responses of vegetation to climate extremes and underscores the vulnerability of high-altitude,low snow-covered grasslands,which is crucial for guiding restoration efforts.
基金the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili,Department of Natural Resources,Iran for financial support。
文摘Invasive species are increasingly spreading,particularly in rangeland ecosystems.It is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for controlling invasive plants in these ecosystems.This study aimed to investigate the effects of three strategies-21-year grazing exclusion(21-YES),mowing-grazing in rotation in alternate years(MGRS),and moderate grazing(MGS)-on the change in cover,density,and biomass of Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.(Ox-eye Daisy=OED)and the plant community.To accomplish this,three sites selected for each treatment.In 2021,270 vegetation plots were sampled using a random systematic method.Subsequently,we recorded the density and canopy cover of all growth forms(forbs,grasses,and ferns),the OED biomass,and the ground cover.The results indicated that MGS reduced OED density,OED canopy,and OED biomass.Furthermore,this strategy demonstrated the highest density and canopy cover of the plant community(including total,forbs,grasses,and ferns).Additionally,the strongest correlation was observed between the total canopy and the OED density(R2=-0.91,-0.95,-0.94 in 21-YES,MGRS,and MGS,respectively),as well as between the total canopy and the OED canopy(R2=-0.51,-0.98,-0.97 in 21-YES,MGRS,and MGS,respectively).The MGS led to an increase in diversity indices.In general,the grazing strategy has proven to be effective in controlling the spread of invasive OED and has also resulted in an increase in canopy cover,density,and diversity indices of the plant community.The study highlights the importance of ongoing management efforts to control invasive species,with moderate grazing potentially serving as a more practical,culturally accepted,and costeffective short-term control strategy for widespread rangeland weed infestations.
文摘Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.
