The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K absorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: The contents of ...The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K absorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: The contents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over the whole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N in leaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than in CK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be described with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5 and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2O5 and K2O was 385.8, 244. 7 and 340.3 kg ha-1, respectively. Approximately 12. 5 kg N, 8. 0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were needed for producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang.展开更多
新疆作为中国最重要的棉花生产基地,其生产安全对保障国家农业经济具有重要意义。为定量评估气候变化对新疆棉花生长的影响,本研究基于新疆14个农业气象观测站和65个气象观测站点1990—2020年的逐日气象资料和棉花生长观测数据,对DSSAT...新疆作为中国最重要的棉花生产基地,其生产安全对保障国家农业经济具有重要意义。为定量评估气候变化对新疆棉花生长的影响,本研究基于新疆14个农业气象观测站和65个气象观测站点1990—2020年的逐日气象资料和棉花生长观测数据,对DSSAT作物模型进行调参和验证;利用模型分析新疆棉花物候期和潜在产量的时空演变特征;并通过Mann-Kendall检验和去趋势分析方法解析关键气候因子的贡献率。结果表明:(1)新疆棉花播种—开花期天数、播种—成熟期天数和产量模拟值与观测值调参(验证)的绝对相对误差分别为1.80%(1.51%)、0.85%(1.18%)、5.38%(5.44%),归一化均方根误差分别为9.56%(14.06%)、9.71%(11.50%)、11.30%(11.34%),DSSAT模型表现出良好的模拟性能。(2)在棉花播期和品种保持不变的条件下,1990—2020年新疆棉花播种—开花期天数和播种—成熟期天数分别以1.26 d 10a^(-1)和2.54 d 10a^(-1)的速率显著缩短(P<0.05),而潜在产量则以159.61 kg hm^(-2)10a^(-1)的速率显著增加;(3)空间分析显示,各站点棉花物候期及产量变化均达到显著水平(P<0.05),其中播种—开花期、播种—成熟期和潜在产量达到显著(极显著)水平的站点分别占33.8%(55.4%)、24.76%(64.6%)和29.2%(50.8%);各气象因子对棉花潜在产量的影响效应从大到小表现为每日太阳辐射>日最高气温>降雨>日最低温度。DSSAT模型可较好地模拟新疆棉花生长发育和产量,气候变化明显影响新疆棉花物候期和棉花潜在产量。本研究可为新疆乃至其他地区棉花作物模型研究、产量预报和气候变化评估提供数据支撑和理论依据。展开更多
针对新疆棉花生产中缺乏先进高效的推荐施肥方法和不合理施肥带来的肥料利用率低的现状,本研究以1996—2019年新疆主要植棉区21个植棉县的414个棉花田间肥料试验为基础,建立养分管理大数据库。采用QUEFTS模型模拟棉花最佳养分需求量,并...针对新疆棉花生产中缺乏先进高效的推荐施肥方法和不合理施肥带来的肥料利用率低的现状,本研究以1996—2019年新疆主要植棉区21个植棉县的414个棉花田间肥料试验为基础,建立养分管理大数据库。采用QUEFTS模型模拟棉花最佳养分需求量,并分析土壤基础养分供应、肥料的农学效率与产量反应之间的相关关系,在此基础上构建施肥模型,并开发了适用于新疆棉花生产的养分专家系统。为验证该系统的应用效果,于2017—2021年在新疆主要棉花种植区开展田间验证试验。试验共设6个施肥处理,分别为棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE),基于NE推荐施肥基础上的不施氮肥、不施磷肥和不施钾肥,农民习惯施肥(FP)和当地的优化推荐施肥(ST),调查了棉花产量、肥料利用效率和经济效益。QUEFTS模型模拟棉花养分吸收结果表明,每生产1 t籽棉地上部所需氮、磷和钾养分分别为27.7、6.2和29.3 kg。施用氮、磷和钾肥的平均产量反应分别为1624、1096和804 kg hm^(–2),平均相对产量分别为0.7、0.8和0.8,平均农学效率分别为6.8、8.5和16.7 kg kg^(–1)。田间验证结果显示,与FP处理相比,NE处理分别减施氮、磷、钾肥40.7%、60.1%和10.7%;与ST处理相比,NE处理分别减施氮、磷肥30.3%和38.0%,增施钾肥10.8%。与FP和ST相比,NE处理的棉花产量分别增加了365 kg hm^(–2)和92 kg hm^(–2),经济效益分别增加了4302元hm^(–2)和1094元hm^(–2),氮、磷和钾肥回收率分别提高了18.8和11.8、14.2和11.5、13.4和6.0个百分点,氮和磷肥农学效率分别增加了3.5 kg kg^(–1)和2.2 kg kg^(–1)、7.2 kg kg^(–1)和4.4 kg kg^(–1),钾肥农学效率分别减少了1.6 kg kg^(–1)和0.6 kg kg^(–1)。综上所述,基于产量反应和农学效率构建的智能化新疆棉花养分专家系统,能够为每块地提供个性化的施肥方案。连续多点的田间试验结果充分证明,该方法优化了肥料用量与养分配比,提高了棉花产量和肥料利用率,增加了经济效益,是适用于新疆棉花生产的推荐施肥新方法。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program in 10th Five-year Plan of China(2001BA507A)the National Natural Sicence Foundation of China(39760040).
文摘The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K absorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: The contents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over the whole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N in leaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than in CK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be described with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5 and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2O5 and K2O was 385.8, 244. 7 and 340.3 kg ha-1, respectively. Approximately 12. 5 kg N, 8. 0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were needed for producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang.
文摘新疆作为中国最重要的棉花生产基地,其生产安全对保障国家农业经济具有重要意义。为定量评估气候变化对新疆棉花生长的影响,本研究基于新疆14个农业气象观测站和65个气象观测站点1990—2020年的逐日气象资料和棉花生长观测数据,对DSSAT作物模型进行调参和验证;利用模型分析新疆棉花物候期和潜在产量的时空演变特征;并通过Mann-Kendall检验和去趋势分析方法解析关键气候因子的贡献率。结果表明:(1)新疆棉花播种—开花期天数、播种—成熟期天数和产量模拟值与观测值调参(验证)的绝对相对误差分别为1.80%(1.51%)、0.85%(1.18%)、5.38%(5.44%),归一化均方根误差分别为9.56%(14.06%)、9.71%(11.50%)、11.30%(11.34%),DSSAT模型表现出良好的模拟性能。(2)在棉花播期和品种保持不变的条件下,1990—2020年新疆棉花播种—开花期天数和播种—成熟期天数分别以1.26 d 10a^(-1)和2.54 d 10a^(-1)的速率显著缩短(P<0.05),而潜在产量则以159.61 kg hm^(-2)10a^(-1)的速率显著增加;(3)空间分析显示,各站点棉花物候期及产量变化均达到显著水平(P<0.05),其中播种—开花期、播种—成熟期和潜在产量达到显著(极显著)水平的站点分别占33.8%(55.4%)、24.76%(64.6%)和29.2%(50.8%);各气象因子对棉花潜在产量的影响效应从大到小表现为每日太阳辐射>日最高气温>降雨>日最低温度。DSSAT模型可较好地模拟新疆棉花生长发育和产量,气候变化明显影响新疆棉花物候期和棉花潜在产量。本研究可为新疆乃至其他地区棉花作物模型研究、产量预报和气候变化评估提供数据支撑和理论依据。
文摘针对新疆棉花生产中缺乏先进高效的推荐施肥方法和不合理施肥带来的肥料利用率低的现状,本研究以1996—2019年新疆主要植棉区21个植棉县的414个棉花田间肥料试验为基础,建立养分管理大数据库。采用QUEFTS模型模拟棉花最佳养分需求量,并分析土壤基础养分供应、肥料的农学效率与产量反应之间的相关关系,在此基础上构建施肥模型,并开发了适用于新疆棉花生产的养分专家系统。为验证该系统的应用效果,于2017—2021年在新疆主要棉花种植区开展田间验证试验。试验共设6个施肥处理,分别为棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE),基于NE推荐施肥基础上的不施氮肥、不施磷肥和不施钾肥,农民习惯施肥(FP)和当地的优化推荐施肥(ST),调查了棉花产量、肥料利用效率和经济效益。QUEFTS模型模拟棉花养分吸收结果表明,每生产1 t籽棉地上部所需氮、磷和钾养分分别为27.7、6.2和29.3 kg。施用氮、磷和钾肥的平均产量反应分别为1624、1096和804 kg hm^(–2),平均相对产量分别为0.7、0.8和0.8,平均农学效率分别为6.8、8.5和16.7 kg kg^(–1)。田间验证结果显示,与FP处理相比,NE处理分别减施氮、磷、钾肥40.7%、60.1%和10.7%;与ST处理相比,NE处理分别减施氮、磷肥30.3%和38.0%,增施钾肥10.8%。与FP和ST相比,NE处理的棉花产量分别增加了365 kg hm^(–2)和92 kg hm^(–2),经济效益分别增加了4302元hm^(–2)和1094元hm^(–2),氮、磷和钾肥回收率分别提高了18.8和11.8、14.2和11.5、13.4和6.0个百分点,氮和磷肥农学效率分别增加了3.5 kg kg^(–1)和2.2 kg kg^(–1)、7.2 kg kg^(–1)和4.4 kg kg^(–1),钾肥农学效率分别减少了1.6 kg kg^(–1)和0.6 kg kg^(–1)。综上所述,基于产量反应和农学效率构建的智能化新疆棉花养分专家系统,能够为每块地提供个性化的施肥方案。连续多点的田间试验结果充分证明,该方法优化了肥料用量与养分配比,提高了棉花产量和肥料利用率,增加了经济效益,是适用于新疆棉花生产的推荐施肥新方法。
