Pacinian Corpuscle(PC)is the largest tactile vibration receptor in mammalian skin,with a layered structure that enables signal amplification and high-pass filtering functions.Modern robots feature vibro-tactile sensor...Pacinian Corpuscle(PC)is the largest tactile vibration receptor in mammalian skin,with a layered structure that enables signal amplification and high-pass filtering functions.Modern robots feature vibro-tactile sensors with excellent mechanical properties and fine resolution,but these sensors are prone to low-frequency noise interference when detecting high-frequency vibrations.In this study,a bionic PC with a longitudinally decreasing dynamic fractal structure is proposed.By creating a lumped parameter model of the PC’s layered structure,the bionic PC made of gelatin-chitosan based hydrogel can achieve high-pass filtering and specific frequency band signal amplification without requiring back-end circuits.The experimental results demonstrate that the bionic PC retains the structural characteristics of a natural PC,and the influence of structural factors,such as the number of layers in its shell,on filtration characteristics is explored.Additionally,a vibration source positioning experiment was conducted to simulate the earthquake sensing abilities of elephants.This natural structural design simplifies the filter circuit,is low-cost,cost-effective,stable in performance,and reduces redundancy in the robot’s signal circuit.Integrating this technology with robots can enhance their environmental perception,thereby improving the safety of interactions.展开更多
Pacinian corpuscle is a tactile receptor that responds to high-frequency(20-1000 Hz)vibration and has high-pass filtering and mechanical signal amplification functions.It is the main receptor of vibration tactility cl...Pacinian corpuscle is a tactile receptor that responds to high-frequency(20-1000 Hz)vibration and has high-pass filtering and mechanical signal amplification functions.It is the main receptor of vibration tactility closely related to fine touch sensation,which is the ability to perceive and localize objects’shape,texture,and size.Currently,it is still difficult to measure and calculate the friction generated by robots grasping objects.The resolution of touch and vibration sensors cannot satisfy the demand for understanding tribological behavior.The simulation of Pacinian corpuscles’structure and replication of its key functions will bring richer touch information to robots.In this review article,the structure and functions of Pacinian corpuscles are summarized from the internal structure of a single Pacinian corpuscle and the spatial distribution of multiple Pacinian corpuscles.Then,theoretical models and research on the bionics design of Pacinian corpuscles are introduced based on the three reception processes of Pacinian corpuscles:mechanical transmission,electromechanical transduction,and neural excitation.Finally,the bottlenecks of current research on the simulation of Pacinian corpuscles are summarized,followed by the proposal of research ideas on the simulation of Pacinian corpuscles.展开更多
Ectopic thymic tissue can be present in the thyroid gland and a carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation(CASTLE) may arise from such tissue. We are reported the case of a 26-year-old man with CASTLE, with cervica...Ectopic thymic tissue can be present in the thyroid gland and a carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation(CASTLE) may arise from such tissue. We are reported the case of a 26-year-old man with CASTLE, with cervical subcutaneous nodules relapse, who showed a good response to treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The problematic aspect of this case was the diagnosis; only on review were we able to make a final diagnosis. CASTLE is a very rare neoplasm. It is important to differentiate this cancer from others tumors such as primary or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or squamous cell thyroid carcinoma, because the therapy and prognosis are different.Diagnosis is complicated and requires careful histological analysis(CD5- and P63-positive with presence of Hassall's corpuscles); unfortunately there is no gold standard treatment so, in this case, we administered a sandwich of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.展开更多
Kidney disease is an escalating global health problem,for which the formulation of therapeutic approaches using stem cells has received increasing research attention.The complexity of kidney anatomy and function,which...Kidney disease is an escalating global health problem,for which the formulation of therapeutic approaches using stem cells has received increasing research attention.The complexity of kidney anatomy and function,which includes the diversity of renal cell types,poses formidable challenges in the identification of methods to generate replacement structures.Recent work using the zebrafish has revealed their high capacity to regenerate the integral working units of the kidney,known as nephrons,following acute injury.Here,we discuss these findings and explore the ways that zebrafish can be further utilized to gain a deeper molecular appreciation of renal stem cell biology,which may uncover important clues for regenerative medicine.展开更多
The digestive gland of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata lodges two types of pigmented corpuscles(identified as C and K corpuscles)which has been proposed as endosymbiont/s.Both corpuscular types are always present...The digestive gland of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata lodges two types of pigmented corpuscles(identified as C and K corpuscles)which has been proposed as endosymbiont/s.Both corpuscular types are always present in the digestive gland of adult snails,they are released into the tubuloacinar lumen and are later expelled in the feces.On their part,hatchlings lack any C or K corpuscles in the digestive gland as well as in their feces,whereas C corpuscles appear in both the gland and feces within one week after hatching.Hence,it is possible that the detritivorous hatchlings acquire the putative C-endosymbiont from feces in the sediments where they live,i.e.through‘lateral’or‘horizontal’transmission.This possibility was put to test in an experiment in which we prevented any lateral transmission,by a 7-days aseptic culture,with no food,of aseptically obtained hatchlings.At the end of the experiment,we observed that most juveniles had survived the culture period,and hence the digestive glands and feces of survivors were studied by light microscopy of resin embedded,toluidine blue-stained sections.All studied glands and fecal samples showed C corpuscles.It is concluded that lateral transmission of the endosymbiont,if any,is not indispensable for the acquisition of the endosymbiont by hatchlings.展开更多
t Touch sensation is critical for our social and environmental interactions. In mammals, most discriminative light touch sensation is mediated by the Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Cell bodies of Aβ low-threshol...t Touch sensation is critical for our social and environmental interactions. In mammals, most discriminative light touch sensation is mediated by the Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Cell bodies of Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors are located in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia, which extend a central projection innervating the spinal cord and brain stem and a peripheral projection innervating the specialized mechanosensory end organs. These specialized mechanosensory end organs include Meissner＇s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, lanceolate endings, Merkel cells, and Ruffini corpuscles. The morphologies and physiological properties of these mechanosensory end organs and their innervating neurons have been investigated for over a century. In addition, recent advances in mouse genetics have enabled the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Aβ low- threshold mechanoreceptors, which highlight the crucial roles of neurotrophic factor signaling and transcription factor activity in this process. Here, we will review the anatomy, physiological properties, and development of mammalian low- threshold Aβ mechanoreceptors.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52475190 and 52275191)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2024M751165)the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment(No.SKLTKF24B17).
文摘Pacinian Corpuscle(PC)is the largest tactile vibration receptor in mammalian skin,with a layered structure that enables signal amplification and high-pass filtering functions.Modern robots feature vibro-tactile sensors with excellent mechanical properties and fine resolution,but these sensors are prone to low-frequency noise interference when detecting high-frequency vibrations.In this study,a bionic PC with a longitudinally decreasing dynamic fractal structure is proposed.By creating a lumped parameter model of the PC’s layered structure,the bionic PC made of gelatin-chitosan based hydrogel can achieve high-pass filtering and specific frequency band signal amplification without requiring back-end circuits.The experimental results demonstrate that the bionic PC retains the structural characteristics of a natural PC,and the influence of structural factors,such as the number of layers in its shell,on filtration characteristics is explored.Additionally,a vibration source positioning experiment was conducted to simulate the earthquake sensing abilities of elephants.This natural structural design simplifies the filter circuit,is low-cost,cost-effective,stable in performance,and reduces redundancy in the robot’s signal circuit.Integrating this technology with robots can enhance their environmental perception,thereby improving the safety of interactions.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51805218)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20170552)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (No.2018M632239).
文摘Pacinian corpuscle is a tactile receptor that responds to high-frequency(20-1000 Hz)vibration and has high-pass filtering and mechanical signal amplification functions.It is the main receptor of vibration tactility closely related to fine touch sensation,which is the ability to perceive and localize objects’shape,texture,and size.Currently,it is still difficult to measure and calculate the friction generated by robots grasping objects.The resolution of touch and vibration sensors cannot satisfy the demand for understanding tribological behavior.The simulation of Pacinian corpuscles’structure and replication of its key functions will bring richer touch information to robots.In this review article,the structure and functions of Pacinian corpuscles are summarized from the internal structure of a single Pacinian corpuscle and the spatial distribution of multiple Pacinian corpuscles.Then,theoretical models and research on the bionics design of Pacinian corpuscles are introduced based on the three reception processes of Pacinian corpuscles:mechanical transmission,electromechanical transduction,and neural excitation.Finally,the bottlenecks of current research on the simulation of Pacinian corpuscles are summarized,followed by the proposal of research ideas on the simulation of Pacinian corpuscles.
文摘Ectopic thymic tissue can be present in the thyroid gland and a carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation(CASTLE) may arise from such tissue. We are reported the case of a 26-year-old man with CASTLE, with cervical subcutaneous nodules relapse, who showed a good response to treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The problematic aspect of this case was the diagnosis; only on review were we able to make a final diagnosis. CASTLE is a very rare neoplasm. It is important to differentiate this cancer from others tumors such as primary or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or squamous cell thyroid carcinoma, because the therapy and prognosis are different.Diagnosis is complicated and requires careful histological analysis(CD5- and P63-positive with presence of Hassall's corpuscles); unfortunately there is no gold standard treatment so, in this case, we administered a sandwich of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
基金Supported by National Institutes of Health,No.DP2 OD008470Private funding was provided from the University of Notre Dame College of Science and Graduate Schoola generous donation to support stem cell research provided by the Gallagher Family
文摘Kidney disease is an escalating global health problem,for which the formulation of therapeutic approaches using stem cells has received increasing research attention.The complexity of kidney anatomy and function,which includes the diversity of renal cell types,poses formidable challenges in the identification of methods to generate replacement structures.Recent work using the zebrafish has revealed their high capacity to regenerate the integral working units of the kidney,known as nephrons,following acute injury.Here,we discuss these findings and explore the ways that zebrafish can be further utilized to gain a deeper molecular appreciation of renal stem cell biology,which may uncover important clues for regenerative medicine.
文摘The digestive gland of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata lodges two types of pigmented corpuscles(identified as C and K corpuscles)which has been proposed as endosymbiont/s.Both corpuscular types are always present in the digestive gland of adult snails,they are released into the tubuloacinar lumen and are later expelled in the feces.On their part,hatchlings lack any C or K corpuscles in the digestive gland as well as in their feces,whereas C corpuscles appear in both the gland and feces within one week after hatching.Hence,it is possible that the detritivorous hatchlings acquire the putative C-endosymbiont from feces in the sediments where they live,i.e.through‘lateral’or‘horizontal’transmission.This possibility was put to test in an experiment in which we prevented any lateral transmission,by a 7-days aseptic culture,with no food,of aseptically obtained hatchlings.At the end of the experiment,we observed that most juveniles had survived the culture period,and hence the digestive glands and feces of survivors were studied by light microscopy of resin embedded,toluidine blue-stained sections.All studied glands and fecal samples showed C corpuscles.It is concluded that lateral transmission of the endosymbiont,if any,is not indispensable for the acquisition of the endosymbiont by hatchlings.
文摘t Touch sensation is critical for our social and environmental interactions. In mammals, most discriminative light touch sensation is mediated by the Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Cell bodies of Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors are located in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia, which extend a central projection innervating the spinal cord and brain stem and a peripheral projection innervating the specialized mechanosensory end organs. These specialized mechanosensory end organs include Meissner＇s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, lanceolate endings, Merkel cells, and Ruffini corpuscles. The morphologies and physiological properties of these mechanosensory end organs and their innervating neurons have been investigated for over a century. In addition, recent advances in mouse genetics have enabled the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Aβ low- threshold mechanoreceptors, which highlight the crucial roles of neurotrophic factor signaling and transcription factor activity in this process. Here, we will review the anatomy, physiological properties, and development of mammalian low- threshold Aβ mechanoreceptors.
