The usage characteristics of the large numerals in child language reflects both linguistic and cognitive development.The present study systematically examined Mandarin children’s naturalistic use of large numerals“...The usage characteristics of the large numerals in child language reflects both linguistic and cognitive development.The present study systematically examined Mandarin children’s naturalistic use of large numerals“bai”,“qian”,and“wan”and compared it with adult usage patterns based on a self-constructed corpus.The results revealed a significant preference for the use of“bai”over both“qian”and“wan”among children and adults alike.This shared pattern suggests that children’s acquisition of large numerals is strongly shaped by adult language input.This study addresses a critical gap in research on the acquisition of large numerals by Mandarin-speaking children,providing valuable insights for the broader theoretical framework of cross-linguistic numerical cognition.展开更多
BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning ofte...BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning often fail to capture the sparse and diagnostically critical features of metastatic potential.AIM To develop and validate a case-level multiple-instance learning(MIL)framework mimicking a pathologist's comprehensive review and improve T3/T4 CRC LNM prediction.METHODS The whole-slide images of 130 patients with T3/T4 CRC were retrospectively collected.A case-level MIL framework utilising the CONCH v1.5 and UNI2-h deep learning models was trained on features from all haematoxylin and eosinstained primary tumour slides for each patient.These pathological features were subsequently integrated with clinical data,and model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS The case-level framework demonstrated superior LNM prediction over slide-level training,with the CONCH v1.5 model achieving a mean AUC(±SD)of 0.899±0.033 vs 0.814±0.083,respectively.Integrating pathology features with clinical data further enhanced performance,yielding a top model with a mean AUC of 0.904±0.047,in sharp contrast to a clinical-only model(mean AUC 0.584±0.084).Crucially,a pathologist’s review confirmed that the model-identified high-attention regions correspond to known high-risk histopathological features.CONCLUSION A case-level MIL framework provides a superior approach for predicting LNM in advanced CRC.This method shows promise for risk stratification and therapy decisions,requiring further validation.展开更多
The use of "however" by Chinese learners' writing is studied through a comparison of its use in CLEC and in BROWN and found that "however" is overused in the front of a sentence,underused in th...The use of "however" by Chinese learners' writing is studied through a comparison of its use in CLEC and in BROWN and found that "however" is overused in the front of a sentence,underused in the middle of a sentence and misused as a disjunctive conjunction,as is followed by the analysis of three attributable factors,i.e.the writing style,confusion with "but" and negative L1 transfer.展开更多
Deep Web sources contain a large of high-quality and query-related structured date. One of the challenges in the Deep Web is extracting result schemas of Deep Web sources. To address this challenge, this paper describ...Deep Web sources contain a large of high-quality and query-related structured date. One of the challenges in the Deep Web is extracting result schemas of Deep Web sources. To address this challenge, this paper describes a novel approach that extracts both result data and the result schema of a Web database. The approach first models the query interface of a Deep Web source and fills in it with a specifically query instance. Then the result pages of the Deep Web sources are formatted in the tree structure to retrieve subtrees that contain elements of the query instance, Next, result schema of the Deep Web source is extracted by matching the subtree＇ nodes with the query instance, in which, a two-phase schema extraction method is adopted for obtaining more accurate result schema. Finally, experiments on real Deep Web sources show the utility of our approach, which provides a high precision and recall.展开更多
Search-based software engineering has mainly dealt with automated test data generation by metaheuristic search techniques. Similarly, we try to generate the test data (i.e., problem instances) which show the worst cas...Search-based software engineering has mainly dealt with automated test data generation by metaheuristic search techniques. Similarly, we try to generate the test data (i.e., problem instances) which show the worst case of algorithms by such a technique. In this paper, in terms of non-functional testing, we re-define the worst case of some algorithms, respectively. By using genetic algorithms (GAs), we illustrate the strategies corresponding to each type of instances. We here adopt three problems for examples;the sorting problem, the 0/1 knapsack problem (0/1KP), and the travelling salesperson problem (TSP). In some algorithms solving these problems, we could find the worst-case instances successfully;the successfulness of the result is based on a statistical approach and comparison to the results by using the random testing. Our tried examples introduce informative guidelines to the use of genetic algorithms in generating the worst-case instance, which is defined in the aspect of algorithm performance.展开更多
Network functions virtualization(NFV) increases network flexibility and scalability by virtualizing network functions running on the general servers and opens the network innovations by outsourcing VNF instances in 5G...Network functions virtualization(NFV) increases network flexibility and scalability by virtualizing network functions running on the general servers and opens the network innovations by outsourcing VNF instances in 5G networks.However,it leads to the incompatibility issue among different VNF instances,which makes operators difficult to determine which VNF instances to select for Service Function Chains(SFCs).In this paper,we divide VNF instances with high compatibility into clusters used for combining VNF instances in 5G networks.Firstly,we define compatibility among different VNF instances.Secondly,aiming to maximize compatibility of each cluster,we propose a novel hypergraph clustering model that divides the VNF instances into multiple clusters.Then,the hypergraph clustering model is transformed to an evolutionary game.Thus,the cluster establishing is transformed to the game equilibrium searching.Furthermore,we propose a discrete time high order replicator dynamic algorithm to find the game equilibrium.Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed approach can improve the quality of SFCs.展开更多
This paper proposes a checking method based on mutual instances and discusses three key problems in the method： how to deal with mistakes in the mutual instances and how to deal with too many or too few mutual instan...This paper proposes a checking method based on mutual instances and discusses three key problems in the method： how to deal with mistakes in the mutual instances and how to deal with too many or too few mutual instances. It provides the checking based on the weighted mutual instances considering fault tolerance, gives a way to partition the large-scale mutual instances, and proposes a process greatly reducing the manual annotation work to get more mutual instances. Intension annotation that improves the checking method is also discussed. The method is practical and effective to check subsumption relations between concept queries in different ontologies based on mutual instances.展开更多
Mark Twain, the founder of critical realism in the United States, is a famous master of short story in the world. He experienced the process from American liberal capitalism to imperialism. The writing style is also c...Mark Twain, the founder of critical realism in the United States, is a famous master of short story in the world. He experienced the process from American liberal capitalism to imperialism. The writing style is also changed from funny to pessimistic. His works have been translated into many languages and highly praised by readers and media all over the word. One of his novels, the classic novel The Man that Corrupted Hedlyburg by Mark Twain. Its plot is designable and the description of psychology is profound. It is known as the treasure of Mark Twain's works. Various literary critical analyses on this story have been made from different perspectives; however, there is no complete and thorough analysis on it from the perspective of corpus-based stylistics.In order to achieve this target, an observed corpus and a reference corpus are both built. The observed corpus is the electronic text of The Man while the reference corpus consists of four electronic texts of Mark Twain. In this research, three softwares, AntConc,WordSmith Tools and UAM CorpusTool, are applied. This thesis conducts a systemic stylistics analysis to the corpus-based approach of The Man That Corrupted Hadlyburg at three levels, lexical level, syntactic level, discourse level. At last it summarizes theprevious study and points out the main purpose of the thesis. And in the meantime, the limitation exists in the thesis and the suggestions for the subsequent exploration are also concluded. It is hoped that this study will help English learners to better understand and appreciate the meaning and aesthetic value of the text.展开更多
This paper is a corpus-based study which aims at analyzing lexical features of English tour commentary and creating a keyword list as teaching material.
Shlesinger (1998) first proposed that corpus-based interpreting studies(CIS) should be regarded as an offshoot of corpus-based translation studies (CTS).In China, owing to the development and compilation of interpreti...Shlesinger (1998) first proposed that corpus-based interpreting studies(CIS) should be regarded as an offshoot of corpus-based translation studies (CTS).In China, owing to the development and compilation of interpreting corpora, CIShas gained momentum since 2007. To review the past achievements in this regard,the present paper first summarizes four readily compiled interpreting corpora. Then,based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CKNI), it conducts thestatistics mainly on relevant published papers in Chinese Social Science and Index(CSSCI) journals. Next, it pinpoints a bibliometric analysis on the data by taking intoaccount three parameters, namely, H index, reference citation and their distribution.Then, it makes a detailed review and comments on the background of CIS and itsparadigm, theoretical interpretation of CIS and the research areas of CIS, standardsof developing interpreting corpora and solutions to difficulties in compilation ofinterpreting corpora, research orientations including topics and objects. At present,although CIS have attained preliminary findings and conclusions, it has mainly reliedon the theoretical and analytical frameworks of Systemic Functional Grammar andits utility in CIS, given the fact that it has introduced few interdisciplinary studies.As a result, CIS do not take full advantage of the paradigm of corpus linguistics norexplore into such research topics as features of interpretation, interpreters’ identitiesand interpreting styles. Finally, regarding future studies, the paper proposes that CISshould foreground the relevance of improving the mechanism of interpreting corpuscompilation in order to gain ground in new research methods and perspectives.展开更多
The present study chooses Li Sao,one of the representatives of traditional Chinese Chu culture,as the research subject.Through establishing two small monolingual corpora,a comparative analysis of Yang Xianyi’s transl...The present study chooses Li Sao,one of the representatives of traditional Chinese Chu culture,as the research subject.Through establishing two small monolingual corpora,a comparative analysis of Yang Xianyi’s translation and David Hawkes’translation was made from the perspective of translation universals on three levels,namely lexical level,syntactic level and textual level.The results show that two translations both reflect the translation universals to some extent,but Hawkes’translation is more consistent with the translation universals in comparison with Yang Xianyi’s on the whole.展开更多
Educational discourses,or to be more specific,universities’introductory discourses have not been studied from the contrastive perspective using critical genre analysis theories.This study uses Fairclough’s framework...Educational discourses,or to be more specific,universities’introductory discourses have not been studied from the contrastive perspective using critical genre analysis theories.This study uses Fairclough’s framework of discourse analysis to take a corpus-based contrastive study between the Chinese and global universities’introductory discourses from three aspects.Firstly,the textual dimension will be explored using the corpus-based approach.Secondly,it studies from the discursive dimension from intertextuality and interdiscursivity.Finally,the social cultural perspective study will be given about the corresponding social cultural interpretation on the differences between Chinese and global universities’introduction discourses.展开更多
Both the study of metaphor and translation has taken an empirical turn in the past decade,corpus-based method has provided a practical and objective way for investigating metaphor translation from a comparative and co...Both the study of metaphor and translation has taken an empirical turn in the past decade,corpus-based method has provided a practical and objective way for investigating metaphor translation from a comparative and cognitive perspective.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the cognitive differences in the perception of“root”between English and Chinese through a contrastive analysis of the two English translations of a Chinese classic novel—Dream of the Red Mansion,the two translations are completed by a native Chinese speaker and a native English speaker respectively.The study is divided into two parts,the first part is devoted to a contrastive analysis of typical examples selected from the data acquired from the online English-Chinese parallel corpus with the online corpus analysis tool Wmatrix,two deductions have been drawn through the analysis concerning the cognition difference in root perception:(1)the integral perception of root and a plant in Chinese VS the binary cognition in English;(2)the concreteness of“root”metaphor in Chinese VS the abstractness in“root”metaphor application in English.Then the two deductions are further demonstrated through corpus-assisted study of“root”metaphor in large online corpuses.The differences in root metaphor usage as well as the cognitive reasons behind the differences have been investigated with emphasis not only on the dominant conceptual root metaphors,but also the semantic preference of the collocated words of the metaphors.展开更多
This study compared and analyzed the features of keywords and their collocations in corpora:Chinese Government Work Reports and State of the Union(USA).A further comparison and analysis of the collocations of“develop...This study compared and analyzed the features of keywords and their collocations in corpora:Chinese Government Work Reports and State of the Union(USA).A further comparison and analysis of the collocations of“develop”and“improve”was then conducted from the perspective of political linguistics.Results suggested that China and the United States have their own emphasis of government work.It was also indicated that“we”and“will”are both high-frequency keywords and combinations of“develop”and“improve”,which shows that both countries give the highest priority to narrowing the distance between the government and the public.展开更多
Many international brands have a phenomenal Chinese name which,paradoxically,comes from a rather prosaic name.The reason for this may lie in the fact that they need an outstanding translation of their names in order t...Many international brands have a phenomenal Chinese name which,paradoxically,comes from a rather prosaic name.The reason for this may lie in the fact that they need an outstanding translation of their names in order to be successful in international marketing.Hence the translation of brand names is an important part of the advertisement.And a good translation is expected to bridge the differences of cultures,languages,spending habits,thinking patterns,etc.展开更多
Audio description(AD),unlike interlingual translation and interpretation,is subject to unique constraints as a spoken text.Facilitated by AD,educational videos on COVID-19 anti-virus measures are made accessible to th...Audio description(AD),unlike interlingual translation and interpretation,is subject to unique constraints as a spoken text.Facilitated by AD,educational videos on COVID-19 anti-virus measures are made accessible to the visually disadvantaged.In this study,a corpus of AD of COVID-19 educational videos is developed,named“Audio Description Corpus of COVID-19 Educational Videos”(ADCCEV).Drawing on the model of Textual and Linguistic Audio Description Matrix(TLADM),this paper aims to identify the linguistic and textual idiosyncrasies of AD themed on COVID-19 response released by the New Zealand Government.This study finds that linguistically,the AD script uses a mix of complete sentences and phrases,the majority being in Present Simple tense.Present participles and the“with”structure are used for brevity.Vocabulary is diverse,with simpler words for animated explainers.Third-person pronouns are common in educational videos.Color words are a salient feature of AD,where“yellow”denotes urgency,and“red”indicates importance,negativity,and hostility.On textual idiosyncrasies,coherence is achieved through intermodal components that align with the video’s mood and style.AD style varies depending on the video’s purpose,from informative to narrative or expressive.展开更多
HTTP Adaptive Streaming(HAS)of video content is becoming an undivided part of the Internet and accounts for most of today’s network traffic.Video compression technology plays a vital role in efficiently utilizing net...HTTP Adaptive Streaming(HAS)of video content is becoming an undivided part of the Internet and accounts for most of today’s network traffic.Video compression technology plays a vital role in efficiently utilizing network channels,but encoding videos into multiple representations with selected encoding parameters is a significant challenge.However,video encoding is a computationally intensive and time-consuming operation that requires high-performance resources provided by on-premise infrastructures or public clouds.In turn,the public clouds,such as Amazon elastic compute cloud(EC2),provide hundreds of computing instances optimized for different purposes and clients’budgets.Thus,there is a need for algorithms and methods for optimized computing instance selection for specific tasks such as video encoding and transcoding operations.Additionally,the encoding speed directly depends on the selected encoding parameters and the complexity characteristics of video content.In this paper,we first benchmarked the video encoding performance of Amazon EC2 spot instances using multiple×264 codec encoding parameters and video sequences of varying complexity.Then,we proposed a novel fast approach to optimize Amazon EC2 spot instances and minimize video encoding costs.Furthermore,we evaluated how the optimized selection of EC2 spot instances can affect the encoding cost.The results show that our approach,on average,can reduce the encoding costs by at least 15.8%and up to 47.8%when compared to a random selection of EC2 spot instances.展开更多
文摘The usage characteristics of the large numerals in child language reflects both linguistic and cognitive development.The present study systematically examined Mandarin children’s naturalistic use of large numerals“bai”,“qian”,and“wan”and compared it with adult usage patterns based on a self-constructed corpus.The results revealed a significant preference for the use of“bai”over both“qian”and“wan”among children and adults alike.This shared pattern suggests that children’s acquisition of large numerals is strongly shaped by adult language input.This study addresses a critical gap in research on the acquisition of large numerals by Mandarin-speaking children,providing valuable insights for the broader theoretical framework of cross-linguistic numerical cognition.
基金Supported by Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau),No.2023MSXM060.
文摘BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning often fail to capture the sparse and diagnostically critical features of metastatic potential.AIM To develop and validate a case-level multiple-instance learning(MIL)framework mimicking a pathologist's comprehensive review and improve T3/T4 CRC LNM prediction.METHODS The whole-slide images of 130 patients with T3/T4 CRC were retrospectively collected.A case-level MIL framework utilising the CONCH v1.5 and UNI2-h deep learning models was trained on features from all haematoxylin and eosinstained primary tumour slides for each patient.These pathological features were subsequently integrated with clinical data,and model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS The case-level framework demonstrated superior LNM prediction over slide-level training,with the CONCH v1.5 model achieving a mean AUC(±SD)of 0.899±0.033 vs 0.814±0.083,respectively.Integrating pathology features with clinical data further enhanced performance,yielding a top model with a mean AUC of 0.904±0.047,in sharp contrast to a clinical-only model(mean AUC 0.584±0.084).Crucially,a pathologist’s review confirmed that the model-identified high-attention regions correspond to known high-risk histopathological features.CONCLUSION A case-level MIL framework provides a superior approach for predicting LNM in advanced CRC.This method shows promise for risk stratification and therapy decisions,requiring further validation.
文摘The use of "however" by Chinese learners' writing is studied through a comparison of its use in CLEC and in BROWN and found that "however" is overused in the front of a sentence,underused in the middle of a sentence and misused as a disjunctive conjunction,as is followed by the analysis of three attributable factors,i.e.the writing style,confusion with "but" and negative L1 transfer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60673139, 60473073, 60573090)
文摘Deep Web sources contain a large of high-quality and query-related structured date. One of the challenges in the Deep Web is extracting result schemas of Deep Web sources. To address this challenge, this paper describes a novel approach that extracts both result data and the result schema of a Web database. The approach first models the query interface of a Deep Web source and fills in it with a specifically query instance. Then the result pages of the Deep Web sources are formatted in the tree structure to retrieve subtrees that contain elements of the query instance, Next, result schema of the Deep Web source is extracted by matching the subtree＇ nodes with the query instance, in which, a two-phase schema extraction method is adopted for obtaining more accurate result schema. Finally, experiments on real Deep Web sources show the utility of our approach, which provides a high precision and recall.
文摘Search-based software engineering has mainly dealt with automated test data generation by metaheuristic search techniques. Similarly, we try to generate the test data (i.e., problem instances) which show the worst case of algorithms by such a technique. In this paper, in terms of non-functional testing, we re-define the worst case of some algorithms, respectively. By using genetic algorithms (GAs), we illustrate the strategies corresponding to each type of instances. We here adopt three problems for examples;the sorting problem, the 0/1 knapsack problem (0/1KP), and the travelling salesperson problem (TSP). In some algorithms solving these problems, we could find the worst-case instances successfully;the successfulness of the result is based on a statistical approach and comparison to the results by using the random testing. Our tried examples introduce informative guidelines to the use of genetic algorithms in generating the worst-case instance, which is defined in the aspect of algorithm performance.
基金supported by The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863)(Grant No.2014AA01A701,2015AA01A706)
文摘Network functions virtualization(NFV) increases network flexibility and scalability by virtualizing network functions running on the general servers and opens the network innovations by outsourcing VNF instances in 5G networks.However,it leads to the incompatibility issue among different VNF instances,which makes operators difficult to determine which VNF instances to select for Service Function Chains(SFCs).In this paper,we divide VNF instances with high compatibility into clusters used for combining VNF instances in 5G networks.Firstly,we define compatibility among different VNF instances.Secondly,aiming to maximize compatibility of each cluster,we propose a novel hypergraph clustering model that divides the VNF instances into multiple clusters.Then,the hypergraph clustering model is transformed to an evolutionary game.Thus,the cluster establishing is transformed to the game equilibrium searching.Furthermore,we propose a discrete time high order replicator dynamic algorithm to find the game equilibrium.Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed approach can improve the quality of SFCs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(60373066 ,60425206 ,90412003) , National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Pro-gramof China(2002CB312000) , National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Pro-gramof Higher Education of China (20020286004)
文摘This paper proposes a checking method based on mutual instances and discusses three key problems in the method： how to deal with mistakes in the mutual instances and how to deal with too many or too few mutual instances. It provides the checking based on the weighted mutual instances considering fault tolerance, gives a way to partition the large-scale mutual instances, and proposes a process greatly reducing the manual annotation work to get more mutual instances. Intension annotation that improves the checking method is also discussed. The method is practical and effective to check subsumption relations between concept queries in different ontologies based on mutual instances.
文摘Mark Twain, the founder of critical realism in the United States, is a famous master of short story in the world. He experienced the process from American liberal capitalism to imperialism. The writing style is also changed from funny to pessimistic. His works have been translated into many languages and highly praised by readers and media all over the word. One of his novels, the classic novel The Man that Corrupted Hedlyburg by Mark Twain. Its plot is designable and the description of psychology is profound. It is known as the treasure of Mark Twain's works. Various literary critical analyses on this story have been made from different perspectives; however, there is no complete and thorough analysis on it from the perspective of corpus-based stylistics.In order to achieve this target, an observed corpus and a reference corpus are both built. The observed corpus is the electronic text of The Man while the reference corpus consists of four electronic texts of Mark Twain. In this research, three softwares, AntConc,WordSmith Tools and UAM CorpusTool, are applied. This thesis conducts a systemic stylistics analysis to the corpus-based approach of The Man That Corrupted Hadlyburg at three levels, lexical level, syntactic level, discourse level. At last it summarizes theprevious study and points out the main purpose of the thesis. And in the meantime, the limitation exists in the thesis and the suggestions for the subsequent exploration are also concluded. It is hoped that this study will help English learners to better understand and appreciate the meaning and aesthetic value of the text.
文摘This paper is a corpus-based study which aims at analyzing lexical features of English tour commentary and creating a keyword list as teaching material.
文摘Shlesinger (1998) first proposed that corpus-based interpreting studies(CIS) should be regarded as an offshoot of corpus-based translation studies (CTS).In China, owing to the development and compilation of interpreting corpora, CIShas gained momentum since 2007. To review the past achievements in this regard,the present paper first summarizes four readily compiled interpreting corpora. Then,based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CKNI), it conducts thestatistics mainly on relevant published papers in Chinese Social Science and Index(CSSCI) journals. Next, it pinpoints a bibliometric analysis on the data by taking intoaccount three parameters, namely, H index, reference citation and their distribution.Then, it makes a detailed review and comments on the background of CIS and itsparadigm, theoretical interpretation of CIS and the research areas of CIS, standardsof developing interpreting corpora and solutions to difficulties in compilation ofinterpreting corpora, research orientations including topics and objects. At present,although CIS have attained preliminary findings and conclusions, it has mainly reliedon the theoretical and analytical frameworks of Systemic Functional Grammar andits utility in CIS, given the fact that it has introduced few interdisciplinary studies.As a result, CIS do not take full advantage of the paradigm of corpus linguistics norexplore into such research topics as features of interpretation, interpreters’ identitiesand interpreting styles. Finally, regarding future studies, the paper proposes that CISshould foreground the relevance of improving the mechanism of interpreting corpuscompilation in order to gain ground in new research methods and perspectives.
基金This paper is supported by the Excellent Dissertation Cultivation Funds of Wuhan University of Technology(2018-YS-090).
文摘The present study chooses Li Sao,one of the representatives of traditional Chinese Chu culture,as the research subject.Through establishing two small monolingual corpora,a comparative analysis of Yang Xianyi’s translation and David Hawkes’translation was made from the perspective of translation universals on three levels,namely lexical level,syntactic level and textual level.The results show that two translations both reflect the translation universals to some extent,but Hawkes’translation is more consistent with the translation universals in comparison with Yang Xianyi’s on the whole.
文摘Educational discourses,or to be more specific,universities’introductory discourses have not been studied from the contrastive perspective using critical genre analysis theories.This study uses Fairclough’s framework of discourse analysis to take a corpus-based contrastive study between the Chinese and global universities’introductory discourses from three aspects.Firstly,the textual dimension will be explored using the corpus-based approach.Secondly,it studies from the discursive dimension from intertextuality and interdiscursivity.Finally,the social cultural perspective study will be given about the corresponding social cultural interpretation on the differences between Chinese and global universities’introduction discourses.
文摘Both the study of metaphor and translation has taken an empirical turn in the past decade,corpus-based method has provided a practical and objective way for investigating metaphor translation from a comparative and cognitive perspective.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the cognitive differences in the perception of“root”between English and Chinese through a contrastive analysis of the two English translations of a Chinese classic novel—Dream of the Red Mansion,the two translations are completed by a native Chinese speaker and a native English speaker respectively.The study is divided into two parts,the first part is devoted to a contrastive analysis of typical examples selected from the data acquired from the online English-Chinese parallel corpus with the online corpus analysis tool Wmatrix,two deductions have been drawn through the analysis concerning the cognition difference in root perception:(1)the integral perception of root and a plant in Chinese VS the binary cognition in English;(2)the concreteness of“root”metaphor in Chinese VS the abstractness in“root”metaphor application in English.Then the two deductions are further demonstrated through corpus-assisted study of“root”metaphor in large online corpuses.The differences in root metaphor usage as well as the cognitive reasons behind the differences have been investigated with emphasis not only on the dominant conceptual root metaphors,but also the semantic preference of the collocated words of the metaphors.
文摘This study compared and analyzed the features of keywords and their collocations in corpora:Chinese Government Work Reports and State of the Union(USA).A further comparison and analysis of the collocations of“develop”and“improve”was then conducted from the perspective of political linguistics.Results suggested that China and the United States have their own emphasis of government work.It was also indicated that“we”and“will”are both high-frequency keywords and combinations of“develop”and“improve”,which shows that both countries give the highest priority to narrowing the distance between the government and the public.
文摘Many international brands have a phenomenal Chinese name which,paradoxically,comes from a rather prosaic name.The reason for this may lie in the fact that they need an outstanding translation of their names in order to be successful in international marketing.Hence the translation of brand names is an important part of the advertisement.And a good translation is expected to bridge the differences of cultures,languages,spending habits,thinking patterns,etc.
文摘Audio description(AD),unlike interlingual translation and interpretation,is subject to unique constraints as a spoken text.Facilitated by AD,educational videos on COVID-19 anti-virus measures are made accessible to the visually disadvantaged.In this study,a corpus of AD of COVID-19 educational videos is developed,named“Audio Description Corpus of COVID-19 Educational Videos”(ADCCEV).Drawing on the model of Textual and Linguistic Audio Description Matrix(TLADM),this paper aims to identify the linguistic and textual idiosyncrasies of AD themed on COVID-19 response released by the New Zealand Government.This study finds that linguistically,the AD script uses a mix of complete sentences and phrases,the majority being in Present Simple tense.Present participles and the“with”structure are used for brevity.Vocabulary is diverse,with simpler words for animated explainers.Third-person pronouns are common in educational videos.Color words are a salient feature of AD,where“yellow”denotes urgency,and“red”indicates importance,negativity,and hostility.On textual idiosyncrasies,coherence is achieved through intermodal components that align with the video’s mood and style.AD style varies depending on the video’s purpose,from informative to narrative or expressive.
基金This work has been supported in part by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency(FFG)under the APOLLO and Karnten Fog project.
文摘HTTP Adaptive Streaming(HAS)of video content is becoming an undivided part of the Internet and accounts for most of today’s network traffic.Video compression technology plays a vital role in efficiently utilizing network channels,but encoding videos into multiple representations with selected encoding parameters is a significant challenge.However,video encoding is a computationally intensive and time-consuming operation that requires high-performance resources provided by on-premise infrastructures or public clouds.In turn,the public clouds,such as Amazon elastic compute cloud(EC2),provide hundreds of computing instances optimized for different purposes and clients’budgets.Thus,there is a need for algorithms and methods for optimized computing instance selection for specific tasks such as video encoding and transcoding operations.Additionally,the encoding speed directly depends on the selected encoding parameters and the complexity characteristics of video content.In this paper,we first benchmarked the video encoding performance of Amazon EC2 spot instances using multiple×264 codec encoding parameters and video sequences of varying complexity.Then,we proposed a novel fast approach to optimize Amazon EC2 spot instances and minimize video encoding costs.Furthermore,we evaluated how the optimized selection of EC2 spot instances can affect the encoding cost.The results show that our approach,on average,can reduce the encoding costs by at least 15.8%and up to 47.8%when compared to a random selection of EC2 spot instances.
