Penile fracture is a rare clinical entity that occurs secondary to direct trauma to an erect penis,most commonly during sexual intercourse.Specifically,increased pressure within the corpus cavernosa results in rupture...Penile fracture is a rare clinical entity that occurs secondary to direct trauma to an erect penis,most commonly during sexual intercourse.Specifically,increased pressure within the corpus cavernosa results in rupture of the tunica albuginea.Occasionally,these injuries extend to the urethra and very rarely cause a complete urethral avulsion.Emergent exploration improves posttraumatic erectile function,penile curvature,and prevents painful erections.The traditional approach is a subcoronal circumcising incision to allow for adequate visualization.We present an uncircumcised male with bilateral corporal injuries and complete urethral avulsion who underwent a ventral midline approach for successful foreskin preservation.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with palosuran,a urotensin receptor blocker,on molecular changes in the corpora cavernosa(CC)in diabetic rats.Methods Streptozotocin-induced diabetic ...Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with palosuran,a urotensin receptor blocker,on molecular changes in the corpora cavernosa(CC)in diabetic rats.Methods Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with palosuran 300 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks.Contraction of CC induced by potassium chloride,phenylephrine,and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and relaxation of CC induced by electrical field stimulation(EFS)and sodium nitroprusside(SNP)(endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent stimuli,respectively),and Y-27632(Rho-kinase inhibitor)were examined in organ baths.Direct contraction or relaxation induced by palosuran and urotensin-II(U-II)were also evaluated.The expression levels of nitric oxide synthetases(NOSs),RhoA,oxidative stress regulators,and U-II were analyzed by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry.Results Induction of diabetes in rats resulted in the decreased relaxant response to SNP,decreased pD2 value of SNP,attenuated relaxant response to Y-27632 as well as the decreased RhoA expression in CC.Palosuran treatment of diabetic rats reversed all of these parameters;however,it further impaired the already weakened relaxation of diabetic CC in response to EFS.Although induction of diabetes did not change U-II expression in CC significantly,palosuran treatment reduced U-II expression in diabetic CC.The expression level of nNOS was lowered in diabetic CC;however,palosuran treatment did not change the decreased the neuronal NOS expression.In vitro exposure of diabetic CC strips to palosuran produced a direct relaxant response.Conclusion Palosuran treatment did not affect the expression of NOSs or reduce nitrergic conduction induced by EFS stimulation in diabetic CC.However,while directly triggering a relaxant response,it did not induce a prominent contraction either by decreasing U-II expression,or increasing the sensitivity of CC to nitric oxide which suggested that palosuran has the potential to support erectile function.Further and comprehensive studies are required to clarify this issue.展开更多
The present article provides a critical review of Randi Reppen's impressing book Using Corpora in the Language Classroom.It's argued that Randi Reppen's book,despite a few slight flaws,has a strong practic...The present article provides a critical review of Randi Reppen's impressing book Using Corpora in the Language Classroom.It's argued that Randi Reppen's book,despite a few slight flaws,has a strong practical orientation and is a laudable effort to make English language teachers to realize the importance and practicality of bringing corpora into classroom in digital age.The book is particularly worthy of reading for those language teachers(especially beginner teachers) who want to breathe new life into their English teaching.展开更多
The paper firstly reviews the developments of language transfer research. Utilizing the results supplied by CEM and AntConc, the present writer conducts analyses of the lexicai errors committed by the students in TEM-...The paper firstly reviews the developments of language transfer research. Utilizing the results supplied by CEM and AntConc, the present writer conducts analyses of the lexicai errors committed by the students in TEM-8 test and reveals the contributions to SLA and EFL language teaching that language transfer may make.展开更多
This paper examines the application of electronic corpora to English classroom of lexical learning.It starts with a literature review of basic issues on corpus linguistics and theories underlying lexical study,followe...This paper examines the application of electronic corpora to English classroom of lexical learning.It starts with a literature review of basic issues on corpus linguistics and theories underlying lexical study,followed by discussion on the specific lexical learning aspects in which a corpus might provide some insight.Based other research like data-driven learning(DDL)in this area,the paper goes further by exploring the possibility and ways of applying corpora in vocabulary learning classroom.展开更多
The objective is to develop an easier technique for regenerating corpora cavernosa tissue through transplantation of human bone marrow-derived CD133＋ cells into a rat corpora cavernosa defect model. We excised 2 mm&#...The objective is to develop an easier technique for regenerating corpora cavernosa tissue through transplantation of human bone marrow-derived CD133＋ cells into a rat corpora cavernosa defect model. We excised 2 mm× 2 mm squares of the right corpora cavernosa of twenty-three 8-week-old male nude rats. AIginate gel sponge sheets supplemented with 1 × 10^4 CD133＋ cells were then placed over the excised area of nine rats. Functional and histological evaluations were carried out 8 weeks later. The mean intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure ratio for the nine rats （0.34258 ± 0.0831） was significantly higher than that for eight rats with only the excision （0.0580±0.0831, P = 0.0238） and similar to that for five rats for which the penis was exposed, and there was no excision （0.37228±0.1051, P = 0.8266）. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the nine fully treated rats had venous sinus-like structures and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of extracts from their alginate gel sponge sheets revealed that the amounts of mRNA encoding the nerve growth factor （NGF）, and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were significantly higher than those for rats treated with alginate gel sheets without cell supplementation （NGF： P= 0.0309; VEGF： P〈 0.0001）. These findings show that transplantation of CD133＋ cells accelerates functional and histological recovery in the corpora cavernosa defect model.展开更多
The motivation for this research comes from the gap found in discovering the common ground for medical context learning through analytics for different purposes of diagnosing,recommending,prescribing,or treating patie...The motivation for this research comes from the gap found in discovering the common ground for medical context learning through analytics for different purposes of diagnosing,recommending,prescribing,or treating patients for uniform phenotype features from patients’profile.The authors of this paper while searching for possible solutions for medical context learning found that unified corpora tagged with medical nomenclature was missing to train the analytics for medical context learning.Therefore,here we demonstrated a mechanism to come up with uniform NER(Named Entity Recognition)tagged medical corpora that is fed with 14407 endocrine patients’data set in Comma Separated Values(CSV)format diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and comorbidity diseases.The other corpus is of ICD-10-CM coding scheme in text format taken from www.icd10data.com.ICD-10-CM corpus is to be tagged for understanding the medical context with uniformity for which we are conducting different experiments using common natural language programming(NLP)techniques and frameworks like TensorFlow,Keras,Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),and Bi-LSTM.In our preliminary experiments,albeit label sets in form of(instance,label)pair were tagged with Sequential()model formed on TensorFlow.Keras and Bi-LSTM NLP algorithms.The maximum accuracy achieved for model validation was 0.8846.展开更多
A novel visualized sound description, called sound dendrogram is proposed to make manual annotation easier when building large speech corpora. It is a lattice structure built from a group of ＂seed regions＂ and throu...A novel visualized sound description, called sound dendrogram is proposed to make manual annotation easier when building large speech corpora. It is a lattice structure built from a group of ＂seed regions＂ and through an iterative procedure of mergence. A simple but reliable extraction method of ＂seed regkms＂ and advanced distance metric are adopted to construct the sound dendrogram, so that it can present speech＇s structure character ranging from coarse to fine in a visualized way. Tests show that all phonemic boundaries are contained in the lattice structure of sound dendrogram and very easy to identify. Sound dendrogram can be a powerful assistant tool during the process of speech corporals manual annotation.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to investigate a protective role for resveratrol against the effects of immobilization stress on corpora lutea(CL)of mice in early pregnancy.A total of 45 early-pregnant mice were divided...In the present study,we aimed to investigate a protective role for resveratrol against the effects of immobilization stress on corpora lutea(CL)of mice in early pregnancy.A total of 45 early-pregnant mice were divided into no immobilization stress(NIS)group,immobilization stress(IS)group,and immobilization and resveratrol treatment(IS+RES)group(n=15).Mice were immobilized in plastic tubes(50 mL)for 3 h per day during day 1 to 7 of pregnancy.In the IS+RES group,5 mg kg-'d-1 of resveratrol was administered just prior to application of stress.We analyzed apoptotic activity in CL by Western botting analysis(WB),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Serum progesterone levels were examined with radioimmunoassay(RIA).IHC results showed that the intensity of positive staining for Bax was increased,and for BcI-2 was decreased in CL after IS,while resveratrol treatment reversed the positive staining for Bax and Bcl-2.WB revealed that immobilization stress up-regulated the expression of Bax and caspase-9,and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression,while resveratrol treatment attenuated the effects of immobilization stress on the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-9.According to our TEM results,apoptosis as defined by chromatin condensation was found in CL after immobilization stress,while resveratrol inhibited the apoptosis.We also demonstrated that immobilization stress decreased progesterone concentrations and ovarian expression of StAR,while resveratrol restored the concentrations of progesterone and expression of StAR back to normal.These results indicated that immobilization stress induced luteal regression while resveratrol inhibited luteal regression,suggesting that resveratrol plays a protective role on corpora lutea of mice during early pregnancy.展开更多
Digitalization has changed the way of information processing, and newtechniques of legal data processing are evolving. Text mining helps to analyze andsearch different court cases available in the form of digital text...Digitalization has changed the way of information processing, and newtechniques of legal data processing are evolving. Text mining helps to analyze andsearch different court cases available in the form of digital text documents toextract case reasoning and related data. This sort of case processing helps professionals and researchers to refer the previous case with more accuracy in reducedtime. The rapid development of judicial ontologies seems to deliver interestingproblem solving to legal knowledge formalization. Mining context informationthrough ontologies from corpora is a challenging and interesting field. Thisresearch paper presents a three tier contextual text mining framework throughontologies for judicial corpora. This framework comprises on the judicial corpus,text mining processing resources and ontologies for mining contextual text fromcorpora to make text and data mining more reliable and fast. A top-down ontologyconstruction approach has been adopted in this paper. The judicial corpus hasbeen selected with a sufficient dataset to process and evaluate the results.The experimental results and evaluations show significant improvements incomparison with the available techniques.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Insulin-like growth factor-I（IGF-1）, as one of the important members of growth factor family, participants in the regulation of many physiological functions and behaviors, having very strong neuroprotec...BACKGROUND： Insulin-like growth factor-I（IGF-1）, as one of the important members of growth factor family, participants in the regulation of many physiological functions and behaviors, having very strong neuroprotective effect. However, the expression of IGF-1 following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is still disputed. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expression of IGF-1 and protein of corpora striata in ischemic side at the early stage of middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion in rhesus monkey. DESIGN ： A completely randomized grouping design, controlled animal experiment SETTING ： Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University MATERIALS： ① Totally 17 rhesus monkeys , of either gender, aged 4 to 5 years, were enrolled . Seven rhesus monkeys observed with gene chip were randomly divided into 2 groups： sham operation group （n=3） and ischemia/reperfusion group 〈n=4〉. Ten rhesus monkeys observed with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry method were randomly divided into 2 groups： sham operation group 〈n=3 〉and ischemia/reperfusion group （n=7）. Rhesus monkeys observed under microscope were divided into 2 groups： sham operation group （n=6） and ischamia/reperfusion group （n=-11）.②Materials used in the experiment： cresyl violet （Sigma Company, America）; immunohistochemical reagent kit （ Huamei Bio-engineering Company）; In situ hybridization reagent kit （Boshide Bio-engineering Co.Ltd, Wuhan）; 12 800 dots chip （Boxing Company, Shanghai）. METHODS ： This experiment was carried out at the Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from January 2001 to December 2003.① The onset area of middle cerebral artery was blocked for 2 hours, middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion models were created.② After ischemia/reperfusion for 24 hours, cerebral tissue sections of rhesus monkeys were prepared and stained with cresyl violet. Image analysis was performed with 5001W image analysis software. Morphological change of corpora striata of operative side was observed in the rhesus monkeys between two groups. Total RNA was extracted from cerebral tissue. ③ Detection of gene chip： Cy3-duTP and Cy5-duTP were used to respectively perform reverse transcription labeling. The sample was reversely transcribed into cDNA, then hybridized with cDNA of cerebral tissue. Genes with the separate absolute value of cy3 and cy5〉800, cY3/cy5 〉 2（high expression） or 〈 0.5 （low expression） were found out. Those were genes with differential expression. ④ The expressions of IGF-1 mRNA and protein level of corpora striata in ischemic side of rhe- sus monkeys were detected between sham operation group and ischemia/reperfusion group at 9 and 24 hours after ischemia/reperfusion with in situ hybridization method and immunohistochemical method. Brown granules were IGF-1 protein positive cells. ⑤ Analysis of variance was used in the difference comparison of measurement data among groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： ① Change of morphological structure of corpora striata at ischemic side in rhesus monkeys. ② Change of cerebral gene expression profiles at ischemia/reperfusion in rhesus monkeys between two groups.③ Expression of IGF-1 mRNA and protein level of corpora striata at ischemia/reperfu- sion in rhesus monkeys between two groups. RESULTS ： ① Pathological change ： Obvious pathological change of cerebral infarction appeared in the ischemia and reperfusion group, while there was no such pathological change in the sham operation group.② Change of gene expression profile ： There were 4480 genes with difference expression in the ischemia/reperfusion group and sham-operation group, in which, 260 genes had high expression and their absolute value was over 800, and 63 genes had low expression, cy3/cy5 of IGF-1 was 0.379, being relative low ex- pression. ③ IGF-1 mRNA and protein positive cell counts in corpora striata at cerebral ischemic side[IGF-1 mRNA： 〈9.72±1.18）,（9.11 ±0.76）,（14.77±0.60） counts/field：lGF-1 protein： （15.11 ±1.83）,（15.39±0.78）, （34.62±0.97）counts/field, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. CONCLUSION： IGF-1 mRNA and protein are lowly expressed in middle cerebral artery of rhesus monkeys at ischemia/reperfusion.展开更多
The main goal of English teaching in colleges and universities is to cultivate students’ability to use the language,but many students are still unable to complete oral communication fluently after years of study.For ...The main goal of English teaching in colleges and universities is to cultivate students’ability to use the language,but many students are still unable to complete oral communication fluently after years of study.For this reason,teachers need to deeply analyze and study the linguistic features of oral English corpora and formulate reasonable teaching strategies to improve students’oral expression skills.This paper outlines the linguistic features of oral English corpora,comparatively analyzes the differences between oral English corpora and written English corpora,and explores effective teaching strategies,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant teachers.展开更多
文摘Penile fracture is a rare clinical entity that occurs secondary to direct trauma to an erect penis,most commonly during sexual intercourse.Specifically,increased pressure within the corpus cavernosa results in rupture of the tunica albuginea.Occasionally,these injuries extend to the urethra and very rarely cause a complete urethral avulsion.Emergent exploration improves posttraumatic erectile function,penile curvature,and prevents painful erections.The traditional approach is a subcoronal circumcising incision to allow for adequate visualization.We present an uncircumcised male with bilateral corporal injuries and complete urethral avulsion who underwent a ventral midline approach for successful foreskin preservation.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 110S016the authors thank to TUBITAK for their supports.
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with palosuran,a urotensin receptor blocker,on molecular changes in the corpora cavernosa(CC)in diabetic rats.Methods Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with palosuran 300 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks.Contraction of CC induced by potassium chloride,phenylephrine,and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and relaxation of CC induced by electrical field stimulation(EFS)and sodium nitroprusside(SNP)(endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent stimuli,respectively),and Y-27632(Rho-kinase inhibitor)were examined in organ baths.Direct contraction or relaxation induced by palosuran and urotensin-II(U-II)were also evaluated.The expression levels of nitric oxide synthetases(NOSs),RhoA,oxidative stress regulators,and U-II were analyzed by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry.Results Induction of diabetes in rats resulted in the decreased relaxant response to SNP,decreased pD2 value of SNP,attenuated relaxant response to Y-27632 as well as the decreased RhoA expression in CC.Palosuran treatment of diabetic rats reversed all of these parameters;however,it further impaired the already weakened relaxation of diabetic CC in response to EFS.Although induction of diabetes did not change U-II expression in CC significantly,palosuran treatment reduced U-II expression in diabetic CC.The expression level of nNOS was lowered in diabetic CC;however,palosuran treatment did not change the decreased the neuronal NOS expression.In vitro exposure of diabetic CC strips to palosuran produced a direct relaxant response.Conclusion Palosuran treatment did not affect the expression of NOSs or reduce nitrergic conduction induced by EFS stimulation in diabetic CC.However,while directly triggering a relaxant response,it did not induce a prominent contraction either by decreasing U-II expression,or increasing the sensitivity of CC to nitric oxide which suggested that palosuran has the potential to support erectile function.Further and comprehensive studies are required to clarify this issue.
文摘The present article provides a critical review of Randi Reppen's impressing book Using Corpora in the Language Classroom.It's argued that Randi Reppen's book,despite a few slight flaws,has a strong practical orientation and is a laudable effort to make English language teachers to realize the importance and practicality of bringing corpora into classroom in digital age.The book is particularly worthy of reading for those language teachers(especially beginner teachers) who want to breathe new life into their English teaching.
文摘The paper firstly reviews the developments of language transfer research. Utilizing the results supplied by CEM and AntConc, the present writer conducts analyses of the lexicai errors committed by the students in TEM-8 test and reveals the contributions to SLA and EFL language teaching that language transfer may make.
文摘This paper examines the application of electronic corpora to English classroom of lexical learning.It starts with a literature review of basic issues on corpus linguistics and theories underlying lexical study,followed by discussion on the specific lexical learning aspects in which a corpus might provide some insight.Based other research like data-driven learning(DDL)in this area,the paper goes further by exploring the possibility and ways of applying corpora in vocabulary learning classroom.
文摘The objective is to develop an easier technique for regenerating corpora cavernosa tissue through transplantation of human bone marrow-derived CD133＋ cells into a rat corpora cavernosa defect model. We excised 2 mm× 2 mm squares of the right corpora cavernosa of twenty-three 8-week-old male nude rats. AIginate gel sponge sheets supplemented with 1 × 10^4 CD133＋ cells were then placed over the excised area of nine rats. Functional and histological evaluations were carried out 8 weeks later. The mean intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure ratio for the nine rats （0.34258 ± 0.0831） was significantly higher than that for eight rats with only the excision （0.0580±0.0831, P = 0.0238） and similar to that for five rats for which the penis was exposed, and there was no excision （0.37228±0.1051, P = 0.8266）. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the nine fully treated rats had venous sinus-like structures and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of extracts from their alginate gel sponge sheets revealed that the amounts of mRNA encoding the nerve growth factor （NGF）, and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were significantly higher than those for rats treated with alginate gel sheets without cell supplementation （NGF： P= 0.0309; VEGF： P〈 0.0001）. These findings show that transplantation of CD133＋ cells accelerates functional and histological recovery in the corpora cavernosa defect model.
基金This research is supported by Shifa International Hospital,Pakistan.Endocrine patients’data contributed for diagnosis of diabetes,and its comorbidities holds a lot of worth to come up with these observations from experimental study。
文摘The motivation for this research comes from the gap found in discovering the common ground for medical context learning through analytics for different purposes of diagnosing,recommending,prescribing,or treating patients for uniform phenotype features from patients’profile.The authors of this paper while searching for possible solutions for medical context learning found that unified corpora tagged with medical nomenclature was missing to train the analytics for medical context learning.Therefore,here we demonstrated a mechanism to come up with uniform NER(Named Entity Recognition)tagged medical corpora that is fed with 14407 endocrine patients’data set in Comma Separated Values(CSV)format diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and comorbidity diseases.The other corpus is of ICD-10-CM coding scheme in text format taken from www.icd10data.com.ICD-10-CM corpus is to be tagged for understanding the medical context with uniformity for which we are conducting different experiments using common natural language programming(NLP)techniques and frameworks like TensorFlow,Keras,Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),and Bi-LSTM.In our preliminary experiments,albeit label sets in form of(instance,label)pair were tagged with Sequential()model formed on TensorFlow.Keras and Bi-LSTM NLP algorithms.The maximum accuracy achieved for model validation was 0.8846.
文摘A novel visualized sound description, called sound dendrogram is proposed to make manual annotation easier when building large speech corpora. It is a lattice structure built from a group of ＂seed regions＂ and through an iterative procedure of mergence. A simple but reliable extraction method of ＂seed regkms＂ and advanced distance metric are adopted to construct the sound dendrogram, so that it can present speech＇s structure character ranging from coarse to fine in a visualized way. Tests show that all phonemic boundaries are contained in the lattice structure of sound dendrogram and very easy to identify. Sound dendrogram can be a powerful assistant tool during the process of speech corporals manual annotation.
基金The authors wish to thank Prof.Emeritus Reinhold J.Hutz,PhD of the Department of Biological Sciences,University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,USA,for his editing and helpful adviceThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501956 and 31572403).
文摘In the present study,we aimed to investigate a protective role for resveratrol against the effects of immobilization stress on corpora lutea(CL)of mice in early pregnancy.A total of 45 early-pregnant mice were divided into no immobilization stress(NIS)group,immobilization stress(IS)group,and immobilization and resveratrol treatment(IS+RES)group(n=15).Mice were immobilized in plastic tubes(50 mL)for 3 h per day during day 1 to 7 of pregnancy.In the IS+RES group,5 mg kg-'d-1 of resveratrol was administered just prior to application of stress.We analyzed apoptotic activity in CL by Western botting analysis(WB),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Serum progesterone levels were examined with radioimmunoassay(RIA).IHC results showed that the intensity of positive staining for Bax was increased,and for BcI-2 was decreased in CL after IS,while resveratrol treatment reversed the positive staining for Bax and Bcl-2.WB revealed that immobilization stress up-regulated the expression of Bax and caspase-9,and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression,while resveratrol treatment attenuated the effects of immobilization stress on the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-9.According to our TEM results,apoptosis as defined by chromatin condensation was found in CL after immobilization stress,while resveratrol inhibited the apoptosis.We also demonstrated that immobilization stress decreased progesterone concentrations and ovarian expression of StAR,while resveratrol restored the concentrations of progesterone and expression of StAR back to normal.These results indicated that immobilization stress induced luteal regression while resveratrol inhibited luteal regression,suggesting that resveratrol plays a protective role on corpora lutea of mice during early pregnancy.
文摘Digitalization has changed the way of information processing, and newtechniques of legal data processing are evolving. Text mining helps to analyze andsearch different court cases available in the form of digital text documents toextract case reasoning and related data. This sort of case processing helps professionals and researchers to refer the previous case with more accuracy in reducedtime. The rapid development of judicial ontologies seems to deliver interestingproblem solving to legal knowledge formalization. Mining context informationthrough ontologies from corpora is a challenging and interesting field. Thisresearch paper presents a three tier contextual text mining framework throughontologies for judicial corpora. This framework comprises on the judicial corpus,text mining processing resources and ontologies for mining contextual text fromcorpora to make text and data mining more reliable and fast. A top-down ontologyconstruction approach has been adopted in this paper. The judicial corpus hasbeen selected with a sufficient dataset to process and evaluate the results.The experimental results and evaluations show significant improvements incomparison with the available techniques.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. Y2004C04
文摘BACKGROUND： Insulin-like growth factor-I（IGF-1）, as one of the important members of growth factor family, participants in the regulation of many physiological functions and behaviors, having very strong neuroprotective effect. However, the expression of IGF-1 following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is still disputed. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expression of IGF-1 and protein of corpora striata in ischemic side at the early stage of middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion in rhesus monkey. DESIGN ： A completely randomized grouping design, controlled animal experiment SETTING ： Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University MATERIALS： ① Totally 17 rhesus monkeys , of either gender, aged 4 to 5 years, were enrolled . Seven rhesus monkeys observed with gene chip were randomly divided into 2 groups： sham operation group （n=3） and ischemia/reperfusion group 〈n=4〉. Ten rhesus monkeys observed with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry method were randomly divided into 2 groups： sham operation group 〈n=3 〉and ischemia/reperfusion group （n=7）. Rhesus monkeys observed under microscope were divided into 2 groups： sham operation group （n=6） and ischamia/reperfusion group （n=-11）.②Materials used in the experiment： cresyl violet （Sigma Company, America）; immunohistochemical reagent kit （ Huamei Bio-engineering Company）; In situ hybridization reagent kit （Boshide Bio-engineering Co.Ltd, Wuhan）; 12 800 dots chip （Boxing Company, Shanghai）. METHODS ： This experiment was carried out at the Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from January 2001 to December 2003.① The onset area of middle cerebral artery was blocked for 2 hours, middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion models were created.② After ischemia/reperfusion for 24 hours, cerebral tissue sections of rhesus monkeys were prepared and stained with cresyl violet. Image analysis was performed with 5001W image analysis software. Morphological change of corpora striata of operative side was observed in the rhesus monkeys between two groups. Total RNA was extracted from cerebral tissue. ③ Detection of gene chip： Cy3-duTP and Cy5-duTP were used to respectively perform reverse transcription labeling. The sample was reversely transcribed into cDNA, then hybridized with cDNA of cerebral tissue. Genes with the separate absolute value of cy3 and cy5〉800, cY3/cy5 〉 2（high expression） or 〈 0.5 （low expression） were found out. Those were genes with differential expression. ④ The expressions of IGF-1 mRNA and protein level of corpora striata in ischemic side of rhe- sus monkeys were detected between sham operation group and ischemia/reperfusion group at 9 and 24 hours after ischemia/reperfusion with in situ hybridization method and immunohistochemical method. Brown granules were IGF-1 protein positive cells. ⑤ Analysis of variance was used in the difference comparison of measurement data among groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： ① Change of morphological structure of corpora striata at ischemic side in rhesus monkeys. ② Change of cerebral gene expression profiles at ischemia/reperfusion in rhesus monkeys between two groups.③ Expression of IGF-1 mRNA and protein level of corpora striata at ischemia/reperfu- sion in rhesus monkeys between two groups. RESULTS ： ① Pathological change ： Obvious pathological change of cerebral infarction appeared in the ischemia and reperfusion group, while there was no such pathological change in the sham operation group.② Change of gene expression profile ： There were 4480 genes with difference expression in the ischemia/reperfusion group and sham-operation group, in which, 260 genes had high expression and their absolute value was over 800, and 63 genes had low expression, cy3/cy5 of IGF-1 was 0.379, being relative low ex- pression. ③ IGF-1 mRNA and protein positive cell counts in corpora striata at cerebral ischemic side[IGF-1 mRNA： 〈9.72±1.18）,（9.11 ±0.76）,（14.77±0.60） counts/field：lGF-1 protein： （15.11 ±1.83）,（15.39±0.78）, （34.62±0.97）counts/field, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. CONCLUSION： IGF-1 mRNA and protein are lowly expressed in middle cerebral artery of rhesus monkeys at ischemia/reperfusion.
文摘The main goal of English teaching in colleges and universities is to cultivate students’ability to use the language,but many students are still unable to complete oral communication fluently after years of study.For this reason,teachers need to deeply analyze and study the linguistic features of oral English corpora and formulate reasonable teaching strategies to improve students’oral expression skills.This paper outlines the linguistic features of oral English corpora,comparatively analyzes the differences between oral English corpora and written English corpora,and explores effective teaching strategies,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant teachers.
