Objective: To evaluate the total phenolic content and compare the antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts and fractions from the aerial parts of Coronopus didymus through various assays. Methods: Total phenol...Objective: To evaluate the total phenolic content and compare the antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts and fractions from the aerial parts of Coronopus didymus through various assays. Methods: Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the in vitro antioxidant activity of a number of different extracts was investigated in a dose-dependent manner with three different methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) assays. A flavone was isolated from the most active ethanolic extract with high antioxidant activity using size exclusion chromatography. IC_(50) values were calculated for the DPPH and ABTS methods. The FRAP activity was assessed in terms of μM Fe(II) equivalent. Results: The phenolic content was found to be highest in the ethanol extract(CDA Et; 47.8 mM GAE) and the lowest in the dichloromethane extract(CDA DCM; 3.13 mM GAE). The ethanol extract showed high radical scavenging activity towards DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC_(50) values of(7.80 × 10~2) and(4.32 × 10~2) μg/m L, respectively. The most active ethanol extract had a FRAP value of 1 921.7 μM Fe(Ⅱ) equivalent. The isolated flavone F10C(5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy flavone) was far more effective for scavenging free radicals in the DPPH and ABTS assays with IC_(50) of 43.8 and 0.08 μg/m L, than the standard trolox, with IC_(50) values of 97.5 and 21.1 μg/m L, respectively. In addition, the flavone F10C and the standard ascorbic acid had FRAP values of 1 621.7 and 16 038.0 μM Fe(Ⅱ) equivalents, respectively. Conclusions: The total phenolic content of extracts in decreasing order is ethanol extract(CDA Et)> acetone extract(CDA ACE)> phenolic extract(CDA MW)> n-hexane extract(CDA nHX)> chloroform extract(CDA CHL)> dichloromethane extract(CDA DCM). The ordering of extracts in terms of antioxidant activity from highest to lowest is CDA Et> CDA MW> CDA DCM> CDA CHL> CDA ACE> CDA nHX in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. A significant relationship is found between antioxidant potential and total phenolic content, suggesting that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of Coronopus didymus.展开更多
The increasing demand for natural bioactive compounds necessitates the exploration of underutilized plant species for their therapeutic potential.Plantago coronopus subsp.commutata(Guss.)Pilg.(Synonym:Plantago weldeni...The increasing demand for natural bioactive compounds necessitates the exploration of underutilized plant species for their therapeutic potential.Plantago coronopus subsp.commutata(Guss.)Pilg.(Synonym:Plantago weldenii Rchb.)is a promising candidate for its phytochemical and pharmacological properties but remains underexplored.This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition,antioxidant activities,and enzyme inhibitory properties of water,methanol,and ethyl acetate extracts of P.coronopus subsp.commutata.Phytochemicals responsible for these bioactivities were identified using quantitative and qualitative methods,including LC-MS/MS analysis.Methanol extraction yielded the highest total phenolic(TPC:36.30 mg GAEs/g)and flavonoid contents(TFC:24.75 mg REs/g),alongside a rich phytochemical profile,particularly verbascoside(46,037μg/g)and luteolin 7-glucoside(84.1μg/g).Methanol extract exhibited the most effective antioxidant activity,with IC50 values of 1.12 mg/mL(DPPH),1.62 mg/mL(ABTS),and an EC50 of 0.93 mg/mL(CUPRAC).Ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity(EC50:1.47 mg/mL),whereas the water extract excelled in metal chelation activity(IC50:1.30 mg/mL).Correlation analysis indicated strong positive associations between TPC,TFC,and antioxidant performance.Enzyme inhibition assays revealed significantα-glucosidase inhibition in the ethyl acetate extract(IC50:1.07 mg/mL)and notable tyrosinase inhibition in the methanol extract(IC50:1.39 mg/mL).Verbascoside and phenolic acids were identified as major contributors to these effects.This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of P.coronopus subsp.commutata,highlighting its phytochemical richness and strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential.These findings suggest the plant’s promising pharmaceutical applications,encouraging future studies to explore its in vivo effects and isolate bioactive compounds for targeted therapeutic use.展开更多
基金supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for Indigenous(Ph.D Fellowship for 5000 Scholars-PhaseⅡ)International Research Support Initiative Program(IRSIP)and Quaid-i-Azam University(URF/2015)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the total phenolic content and compare the antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts and fractions from the aerial parts of Coronopus didymus through various assays. Methods: Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the in vitro antioxidant activity of a number of different extracts was investigated in a dose-dependent manner with three different methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) assays. A flavone was isolated from the most active ethanolic extract with high antioxidant activity using size exclusion chromatography. IC_(50) values were calculated for the DPPH and ABTS methods. The FRAP activity was assessed in terms of μM Fe(II) equivalent. Results: The phenolic content was found to be highest in the ethanol extract(CDA Et; 47.8 mM GAE) and the lowest in the dichloromethane extract(CDA DCM; 3.13 mM GAE). The ethanol extract showed high radical scavenging activity towards DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC_(50) values of(7.80 × 10~2) and(4.32 × 10~2) μg/m L, respectively. The most active ethanol extract had a FRAP value of 1 921.7 μM Fe(Ⅱ) equivalent. The isolated flavone F10C(5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy flavone) was far more effective for scavenging free radicals in the DPPH and ABTS assays with IC_(50) of 43.8 and 0.08 μg/m L, than the standard trolox, with IC_(50) values of 97.5 and 21.1 μg/m L, respectively. In addition, the flavone F10C and the standard ascorbic acid had FRAP values of 1 621.7 and 16 038.0 μM Fe(Ⅱ) equivalents, respectively. Conclusions: The total phenolic content of extracts in decreasing order is ethanol extract(CDA Et)> acetone extract(CDA ACE)> phenolic extract(CDA MW)> n-hexane extract(CDA nHX)> chloroform extract(CDA CHL)> dichloromethane extract(CDA DCM). The ordering of extracts in terms of antioxidant activity from highest to lowest is CDA Et> CDA MW> CDA DCM> CDA CHL> CDA ACE> CDA nHX in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. A significant relationship is found between antioxidant potential and total phenolic content, suggesting that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of Coronopus didymus.
基金support from the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University(Türkiye)under project number 22.GENEL.030.
文摘The increasing demand for natural bioactive compounds necessitates the exploration of underutilized plant species for their therapeutic potential.Plantago coronopus subsp.commutata(Guss.)Pilg.(Synonym:Plantago weldenii Rchb.)is a promising candidate for its phytochemical and pharmacological properties but remains underexplored.This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition,antioxidant activities,and enzyme inhibitory properties of water,methanol,and ethyl acetate extracts of P.coronopus subsp.commutata.Phytochemicals responsible for these bioactivities were identified using quantitative and qualitative methods,including LC-MS/MS analysis.Methanol extraction yielded the highest total phenolic(TPC:36.30 mg GAEs/g)and flavonoid contents(TFC:24.75 mg REs/g),alongside a rich phytochemical profile,particularly verbascoside(46,037μg/g)and luteolin 7-glucoside(84.1μg/g).Methanol extract exhibited the most effective antioxidant activity,with IC50 values of 1.12 mg/mL(DPPH),1.62 mg/mL(ABTS),and an EC50 of 0.93 mg/mL(CUPRAC).Ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity(EC50:1.47 mg/mL),whereas the water extract excelled in metal chelation activity(IC50:1.30 mg/mL).Correlation analysis indicated strong positive associations between TPC,TFC,and antioxidant performance.Enzyme inhibition assays revealed significantα-glucosidase inhibition in the ethyl acetate extract(IC50:1.07 mg/mL)and notable tyrosinase inhibition in the methanol extract(IC50:1.39 mg/mL).Verbascoside and phenolic acids were identified as major contributors to these effects.This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of P.coronopus subsp.commutata,highlighting its phytochemical richness and strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential.These findings suggest the plant’s promising pharmaceutical applications,encouraging future studies to explore its in vivo effects and isolate bioactive compounds for targeted therapeutic use.
