The development of a benign environmental catalyst for the generation of biodiesel is an area of importance to reduce the overall usage of fossil fuels. In the current work, biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis of I...The development of a benign environmental catalyst for the generation of biodiesel is an area of importance to reduce the overall usage of fossil fuels. In the current work, biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis of Irul wood sawdust. The optimization for biochar generation was carried out for different reaction temperatures and heating durations. The biochar was used to prepare solid acid catalysts by sulfonation process. The characterization of biochar and the sulfonated catalyst were carried out using Elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Powder X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Surface area analyzer(BET). The characterization results showed that sulfonation of biochar resulted in biochar based solid acid catalyst containing various functional acidic groups like weak acidic\\OH groups, strong acidic\\COOH and SO3 H groups. The total acid density and sulfonic acid group density of catalyst were estimated and showed excellent acidic sites concentration which gives a good catalytic activity for biodiesel production through simultaneous esterification and transesterification. The enhanced catalytic activity is due to the high acid density of SO3 H groups and the reactant accessibility towards acidic sites as well as the strong affinity between the hydrophilic reactants and the neutral OH groups which are bonded with the polycyclic aromatic carbon rings. The performance of biochar catalyst for the production of biodiesel was evaluated by comparing the yield obtained. The FTIR and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy(GC–MS) were also carried out for the analysis of biodiesel produced.展开更多
A sandy soil, Nampong soil （classified as Ustoxic Quartzipsamment）, was incubated under controlled condition i） to compare the mineralization of major plant nutrients derived from different types of biochars and ot...A sandy soil, Nampong soil （classified as Ustoxic Quartzipsamment）, was incubated under controlled condition i） to compare the mineralization of major plant nutrients derived from different types of biochars and other organic soil amendments; ii） to examine their effects on soil properties and plant nutrient availability; and iii） to evaluate the plant nutrient losses in leachate from the rooting zone of soil incorporated with the different amendments. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Five treatments of soil amendments used were cassava stem base biochar （CSB）, rice husk biochar （RHB）, chicken manure （CM）, compost （CP）, and no amendment application （control）. The RHB treatment released the highest amounts of mineralized NO^-N, available P and K （2.30-17.26, 5.50-42.90 and 43.00-187.63 mg kg-1, respectively） while the CM treatment releasing the highest NH4＋-N in the range of 1.86-53.67 mg kg-1. The CSB and RHB treatments showed better continuity of mineralization of nutrients than the treatments of CM and CP, particularly in the case of the CSB treatment. In the soil column incubation experiment, the amounts of NH4＋-N and NO3-N in all treatments barely changed on Day 1 to Day 30 of incubation and then the amounts increased markedly on Day 60. On Day 601 the RHB treatment contained a very high amount of NO3--N （〉 250 mg kg-1）. This suggests that N would become more available 30 d after the incorporation. The CM treatment gave the highest amounts of organic matter and available P in the ranges of 4.64-8.94 g kg-1 and 14.41-36.33 mg kg-1, respectively, during the 60-d column incubation. The CSB treatment tended to have higher available K throughout the measuring period. The NO3--N was leached from the soil column quite quickly on Day 1 of incubation while the loss of NH^-N decreased slightly from Day 1 until the end of the measurement. The amounts of P and K losses varied with the type of soil amendments, and the pattern of the loss was irregular.展开更多
Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer(BF) on soil nutrient leaching in agricultural so...Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer(BF) on soil nutrient leaching in agricultural soils. We conducted a soil column leaching experiment to study the effects of BF on the leaching of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus, and total potassium(TK) in tobacco soils. The distribution characteristics of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in soil profiles were analyzed after the application of BF. Biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of fluecured tobacco stems. It was applied at four levels, 0%, 3%,9%, and 15%(w/w), respectively, to the compound fertilizer. Compared with the control, the leaching loss of soil TN decreased by 8.36%, 6.72%, and 6.45%, and the loss of soil TK decreased by 9.18%, 9.31% and 11.82% in the 3%,9%, and 15% BF treatments, respectively. However, BF had no significant effect on the P leaching due to the low movement of P in the soil profile. In addition, the BF addition increased the immobilization of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in the soil profile. These results indicate that addition of BF to a tobacco-planting soil reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that BF could be an effective method of applying biochar to agriculture fields.展开更多
Biochar is a carbon-rich(】60%)organic material derived from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass.It consists of a continuum ranging from slightly charred material through char and charcoal to soot,and is...Biochar is a carbon-rich(】60%)organic material derived from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass.It consists of a continuum ranging from slightly charred material through char and charcoal to soot,and is ubiquitous in the atmosphere,marine sediment,soil and water.Moreover,】80%of biochar produced ends up in soils,where it resides for hundreds to thousands of years.Because of its resistance to biological and chemical breakdown, biochar can serve as a pool of C with long residence time in the soil.As a result,there has been increasing attention given to the potential of biochar to sequestrate carbon and counteract展开更多
The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management has highlighted the potential of biochar as a multifaceted solution. This study evaluates the economic viability of su...The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management has highlighted the potential of biochar as a multifaceted solution. This study evaluates the economic viability of sugarcane bagasse-based biochar in Brazil, focusing on its potential to enhance agricultural productivity and contribute to environmental sustainability. While existing literature predominantly explores the production, crop yield benefits, and carbon sequestration capabilities of biochar, there is a notable gap in comprehensive economic modeling and viability analysis for the region. This paper aims to fill this gap by employing a scenario-based economic modeling approach, incorporating relevant economic models. Findings include that biochar implementation can be economically viable for medium and large sugarcane farms (20,000 - 50,000 hectares) given the availability of funding, breaking even in about 7.5 years with an internal rate of return of 18% on average. For small farms, biochar can only be viable when applied biochar to the soil, which in all scenarios is found to be the more profitable practice by a large margin. Sensitivity analyses found that generally, biochar becomes economically feasible at biochar carbon credit prices above $120 USD/tCO2e, and at sugarcane bagasse availability percentages above 60%. While the economic models are well-grounded in existing literature, the production of biochar at the studied scales is not yet widespread, especially in Brazil and uncertainties can result. Reviewing the results, the land application scenario was found to be the most viable, and large farms saw the best results, highlighting the importance of scale in biochar operations. Small and medium farms with no land application were concluded to have no or questionable viability. Overall, sugarcane bagasse-based biochar can be economically viable, under the right circumstances, for agricultural and environmental advancement in Brazil.展开更多
基金Supported by TEQIP-II sanctioned under NITC/TEQIP-II/R&D/2015-16,National Institute of Technology Calicut
文摘The development of a benign environmental catalyst for the generation of biodiesel is an area of importance to reduce the overall usage of fossil fuels. In the current work, biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis of Irul wood sawdust. The optimization for biochar generation was carried out for different reaction temperatures and heating durations. The biochar was used to prepare solid acid catalysts by sulfonation process. The characterization of biochar and the sulfonated catalyst were carried out using Elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Powder X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Surface area analyzer(BET). The characterization results showed that sulfonation of biochar resulted in biochar based solid acid catalyst containing various functional acidic groups like weak acidic\\OH groups, strong acidic\\COOH and SO3 H groups. The total acid density and sulfonic acid group density of catalyst were estimated and showed excellent acidic sites concentration which gives a good catalytic activity for biodiesel production through simultaneous esterification and transesterification. The enhanced catalytic activity is due to the high acid density of SO3 H groups and the reactant accessibility towards acidic sites as well as the strong affinity between the hydrophilic reactants and the neutral OH groups which are bonded with the polycyclic aromatic carbon rings. The performance of biochar catalyst for the production of biodiesel was evaluated by comparing the yield obtained. The FTIR and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy(GC–MS) were also carried out for the analysis of biodiesel produced.
基金the Research Scholarship for International Publications under the Graduate School,Kasetsart University,and the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) for the research funding support
文摘A sandy soil, Nampong soil （classified as Ustoxic Quartzipsamment）, was incubated under controlled condition i） to compare the mineralization of major plant nutrients derived from different types of biochars and other organic soil amendments; ii） to examine their effects on soil properties and plant nutrient availability; and iii） to evaluate the plant nutrient losses in leachate from the rooting zone of soil incorporated with the different amendments. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Five treatments of soil amendments used were cassava stem base biochar （CSB）, rice husk biochar （RHB）, chicken manure （CM）, compost （CP）, and no amendment application （control）. The RHB treatment released the highest amounts of mineralized NO^-N, available P and K （2.30-17.26, 5.50-42.90 and 43.00-187.63 mg kg-1, respectively） while the CM treatment releasing the highest NH4＋-N in the range of 1.86-53.67 mg kg-1. The CSB and RHB treatments showed better continuity of mineralization of nutrients than the treatments of CM and CP, particularly in the case of the CSB treatment. In the soil column incubation experiment, the amounts of NH4＋-N and NO3-N in all treatments barely changed on Day 1 to Day 30 of incubation and then the amounts increased markedly on Day 60. On Day 601 the RHB treatment contained a very high amount of NO3--N （〉 250 mg kg-1）. This suggests that N would become more available 30 d after the incorporation. The CM treatment gave the highest amounts of organic matter and available P in the ranges of 4.64-8.94 g kg-1 and 14.41-36.33 mg kg-1, respectively, during the 60-d column incubation. The CSB treatment tended to have higher available K throughout the measuring period. The NO3--N was leached from the soil column quite quickly on Day 1 of incubation while the loss of NH^-N decreased slightly from Day 1 until the end of the measurement. The amounts of P and K losses varied with the type of soil amendments, and the pattern of the loss was irregular.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41773144 U1612441+5 种基金 41503080)the Key Technologies R&D Project in Agriculture of Guizhou province (Nos. NY [2013] 3019 NY [2015] 3001-1)the Major S&T Special Project of Guizhou province (No. [2014] 6015-21)the Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry (SKLEG2018905)Innovative Plan of Guizhou province and the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Tobacco Company (201614)
文摘Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer(BF) on soil nutrient leaching in agricultural soils. We conducted a soil column leaching experiment to study the effects of BF on the leaching of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus, and total potassium(TK) in tobacco soils. The distribution characteristics of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in soil profiles were analyzed after the application of BF. Biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of fluecured tobacco stems. It was applied at four levels, 0%, 3%,9%, and 15%(w/w), respectively, to the compound fertilizer. Compared with the control, the leaching loss of soil TN decreased by 8.36%, 6.72%, and 6.45%, and the loss of soil TK decreased by 9.18%, 9.31% and 11.82% in the 3%,9%, and 15% BF treatments, respectively. However, BF had no significant effect on the P leaching due to the low movement of P in the soil profile. In addition, the BF addition increased the immobilization of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in the soil profile. These results indicate that addition of BF to a tobacco-planting soil reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that BF could be an effective method of applying biochar to agriculture fields.
文摘Biochar is a carbon-rich(】60%)organic material derived from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass.It consists of a continuum ranging from slightly charred material through char and charcoal to soot,and is ubiquitous in the atmosphere,marine sediment,soil and water.Moreover,】80%of biochar produced ends up in soils,where it resides for hundreds to thousands of years.Because of its resistance to biological and chemical breakdown, biochar can serve as a pool of C with long residence time in the soil.As a result,there has been increasing attention given to the potential of biochar to sequestrate carbon and counteract
文摘The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management has highlighted the potential of biochar as a multifaceted solution. This study evaluates the economic viability of sugarcane bagasse-based biochar in Brazil, focusing on its potential to enhance agricultural productivity and contribute to environmental sustainability. While existing literature predominantly explores the production, crop yield benefits, and carbon sequestration capabilities of biochar, there is a notable gap in comprehensive economic modeling and viability analysis for the region. This paper aims to fill this gap by employing a scenario-based economic modeling approach, incorporating relevant economic models. Findings include that biochar implementation can be economically viable for medium and large sugarcane farms (20,000 - 50,000 hectares) given the availability of funding, breaking even in about 7.5 years with an internal rate of return of 18% on average. For small farms, biochar can only be viable when applied biochar to the soil, which in all scenarios is found to be the more profitable practice by a large margin. Sensitivity analyses found that generally, biochar becomes economically feasible at biochar carbon credit prices above $120 USD/tCO2e, and at sugarcane bagasse availability percentages above 60%. While the economic models are well-grounded in existing literature, the production of biochar at the studied scales is not yet widespread, especially in Brazil and uncertainties can result. Reviewing the results, the land application scenario was found to be the most viable, and large farms saw the best results, highlighting the importance of scale in biochar operations. Small and medium farms with no land application were concluded to have no or questionable viability. Overall, sugarcane bagasse-based biochar can be economically viable, under the right circumstances, for agricultural and environmental advancement in Brazil.
