Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are considered one of the most promising next-generation secondary batteries owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density.However,practical applications are hindered by the shuttl...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are considered one of the most promising next-generation secondary batteries owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density.However,practical applications are hindered by the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li PSs) and sluggish redox kinetics,which result in low active material utilization and poor cycling stability.Various copper-based materials have been used to inhibit the shuttle effect of Li PSs,owing to the strong anchoring effect caused by the lithiophilic/sulphilic sites and the accelerated conversion kinetics caused by excellent catalytic activity.This study briefly introduces the working principles of Li-S batteries,followed by a summary of the synthetic methods for copper-based materials.Moreover,the recent research progress in the utilization of various copper-based materials in cathodes and separators of Li-S batteries,including copper oxides,copper sulfides,copper phosphides,copper selenides,copper-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and copper single-atom,are systematically summarized.Subsequently,three strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of copper-based materials through defect engineering,morphology regulation,and synergistic effect of different components are presented.Finally,our perspectives on the future development of copper-based materials are presented,highlighting the major challenges in the rational design and synthesis of high-performance Li-S batteries.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries have attracted much attention in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,high safety,low cost,and high theoretical energy density.However,Zn anodes suffer f...Aqueous zinc metal batteries have attracted much attention in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,high safety,low cost,and high theoretical energy density.However,Zn anodes suffer from serious problems such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction,corrosion,and passivation.Cu-based materials have a wide range of applications in Zn anodes due to their excellent zincophilicity.Unfortunately,relevant review on Cu-based materials in anode electrode is still lacking.This review focuses on the progress,issues,and optimization strategies of Cu-based materials in Zn anodes.The application of Cu collectors in Zn anodes and the corresponding modifications are also highlighted.Finally,insights and future directions related to Cu-based materials for modified Zn anode and Cu collectors are presented to provide scientific guidance for future research.展开更多
Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to t...Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to their outstanding properties,including high thermal conductivity,tunable thermal expansion coefficients,excellent mechanical strength,and low density.However,the industrial-scale application of these composites faces critical challenges during the fabrication of components with complex structures,such as inhomogeneous dispersion of graphene within the copper matrix and poor interfacial bonding between the two phases,which substantially undermine the overall performance of graphene/copper-based composites.To address these issues,the preparation methods for graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks were reviewed.For each method,a rigorous analysis was presented to clarify its inherent advantages and unavoidable restrictions.Furthermore,the latest research progress in addressing three core scientific challenges was synthesized,including uniform dispersion of graphene,interfacial optimization mechanisms,and molecular dynamics simulations for elucidating the structure-property relationships.Finally,the future development directions of graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks in engineering applications were prospected.展开更多
To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated ...To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.展开更多
CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organ...CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.展开更多
Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with ...Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.展开更多
In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the ...In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio(ER)reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm.Within the 3 dB bandwidth,the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states,respectively.The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb_(2)Se_(3) is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ,respectively.The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.展开更多
Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use ...Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use of graphene-based materials in fields like electronics,energy,and composites has resulted in standards for their nomenclature,the measurement of key characteristics,and their specification,etc.Among these,standards for measuring the key characteristics are crucial.The critical parameters are the number of layers,the type and concentration of defects and functional groups,elemental composition,sheet resistance,and carrier mobility.Standards for characterizing these have been analyzed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee in ISO/TC229 and the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee in IEC/TC113.These give details of applicable or preferred samples,the fundamental principles of the techniques,specific precautions,and points for attention in the relevant standards.The pivotal role of the ISO/TC229 and IEC/TC113 standards is considered and challenges and future trends are outlined.展开更多
In response to the global energy crisis and environmental challenges,photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production has emerged as a sustainable alternative toward clean energy conversion.Among diverse photocatalysts invest...In response to the global energy crisis and environmental challenges,photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production has emerged as a sustainable alternative toward clean energy conversion.Among diverse photocatalysts investigated,TiO_(2)-based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties,such as high chemical stability,strong redox capacity and tunable electronic structures,along with high cost-effectiveness.Extensive research on TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts proves their enormous potential in the field of H2 production.This timely and critical review explores the recent advances in TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts,discussing their distinctive advantages and synthesis methods in photocatalytic H2 production.Modification strategies,such as elemental doping(e.g.,precious metals,non-precious metals and non-metals),morphology engineering and composite formation,are summarised to improve photocatalytic efficiency.Advanced in/ex situ characterization techniques employed to probe photocatalytic mechanisms are also highlighted.Finally,major challenges,such as limited visible-light activity and charge recombination,are outlined,with perspectives on emerging TiO_(2)-based nanomaterials and design strategies to overcome current bottlenecks.And the research focus in the future is prospected,such as atomic interface engineering,machine learning auxiliary material design and large-scale preparation technology.This work aims to provide insights into the rational design of TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts for next-generation H2 production systems.展开更多
Conventional treatments for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)suffer from low remission rates,high drug resistance,and severe adverse effects.To leverage the therapeutic potential of reactive oxygen species(ROS),nanoca...Conventional treatments for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)suffer from low remission rates,high drug resistance,and severe adverse effects.To leverage the therapeutic potential of reactive oxygen species(ROS),nanocatalytic medicine utilizes nanomaterials to generate ROS specifically within tumor sites,enabling efficient and targeted cancer treatment.In this study,hyaluronic acid(HA)-modified copper-N,N-dimethyl-Nphenylsulfonylbisamine(DMSA)-assembled nanoparticles(Cu-DMSA-HA NPs)are developed with tumor-targeting capability and efficiently catalyze ROS production via coordination chemistry.Targeted delivery is facilitated by HA surface modification through recognition of overexpressed cluster of differentiation 44 receptors on cancer cells,which enhances nanoparticle uptake.Once internalized,intracellular glutathione is depleted by the NPs,followed by a Fenton-like reaction that sustains ROS production.Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this catalytic strategy effectively inhibits DNA replication,prevents cell cycle progression,downregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 expression,induces ferroptosis,and ultimately suppresses NSCLC progression.Overall,the readily prepared Cu-DMSA-HA NPs exhibit robust catalytic activity and tumor specificity,highlighting their strong potential for clinical translation in nanocatalytic cancer therapy.展开更多
CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development o...CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.展开更多
Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for ...Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for renewable energy and constructing self-powered electronics.In this review,we begin by outlining the fundamental mechanisms—ion diffusion,electric double layer formation,and streaming potential—that govern charge transport for MEG in moist environments.A comprehensive survey of material innovations follows,highlighting breakthroughs in carbon-based materials,conductive polymers,hydrogels,and bio-inspired systems that enhance MEG performance,scalability,and biocompatibility.We then explore a range of device architectures,from planar and layered systems to flexible,miniaturized,and textile-integrated designs,engineered for both energy conversion and sensor integration.Key challenges are analyzed,along with strategies for overcoming them.We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on future directions,including hybrid energy systems,AI-assisted material design,and real-world deployment.This review presents a timely and comprehensive overview of MEG technologies and their trajectory toward practical and sustainable energy solutions.展开更多
The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite mo...The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite molecular sieves,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and can be produced in many different forms.Using their different possible construction units,ordered structures for specific applications can be produced,giving them broad prospects in fields such as gas storage.This review analyzes the different types of COFs that have been synthesized and their different methods of CO_(2) capture.It then discusses different ways to increase CO_(2) adsorption by changing the internal structure of COFs and modifying their surfaces.The limitations of COF-derived carbon materials in CO_(2) capture are reviewed and,finally,the key role of machine learning and computational simulation in improving CO_(2) adsorption is mentioned,and the current status and future possible uses of COFs are summarized.展开更多
Investments in eco-friendly,recyclable material solutions and innovation in bio-based nonwovens are increasingly shaping the next generation of automotive interiors.The development of nonwoven materials and associated...Investments in eco-friendly,recyclable material solutions and innovation in bio-based nonwovens are increasingly shaping the next generation of automotive interiors.The development of nonwoven materials and associated technologies is likely to lead to even wider adoption in the automotive industry,driven by rising global vehicle production,particularly in the growing electric vehicle(EV)segment,and an intensified focus on sustainable solutions.展开更多
The reactive materials filled structure(RMFS)is a structural penetrator that replaces high explosive(HE)with reactive materials,presenting a novel self-distributed initiation,multiple deflagrations behavior during pen...The reactive materials filled structure(RMFS)is a structural penetrator that replaces high explosive(HE)with reactive materials,presenting a novel self-distributed initiation,multiple deflagrations behavior during penetrating multi-layered plates,and generating a multipeak overpressure behind the plates.Here analytical models of RMFS self-distributed energy release and equivalent deflagration are developed.The multipeak overpressure formation model based on the single deflagration overpressure expression was promoted.The impact tests of RMFS on multi-layered plates at 584 m/s,616 m/s,and819 m/s were performed to validate the analytical model.Further,the influence of a single overpressure peak and time intervals versus impact velocity is discussed.The analysis results indicate that the deflagration happened within 20.68 mm behind the plate,the initial impact velocity and plate thickness are the crucial factors that dominate the self-distributed multipeak overpressure effect.Three formation patterns of multipeak overpressure are proposed.展开更多
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale p...Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale photocatalysts offer enhanced performance due to their high surface area and abundant active sites,their small size makes them difficult to recover and prone to agglomeration.These bottlenecks severely limit industrial application.A promising solution is to immobilize the catalysts onto support surfaces.This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the design of immobilized photocatalysts for ammonia synthesis.It begins by outlining the key benefits of immobilization strategies,particularly in improving catalyst stability,recyclability,and overall photocatalytic performance.The working mechanisms and features of various immobilization techniques are then categorized and explained,covering physical adsorption/deposition,chemical bonding,in situ growth,and hybrid physico-chemical methods.Supported materials and common substrate types are also summarized.Furthermore,the widely used configurations of photoreactors suitable for immobilized systems are introduced.Finally,the review identifies current research limitations and challenges,and offers perspectives on future developments in the field of immobilized photocatalysis.展开更多
Concrete lining slabs of long-distance water conveyance projects in northern China are susceptible to freeze-thaw erosion,which places higher requirements on the performance of repair materials for eroded areas,such a...Concrete lining slabs of long-distance water conveyance projects in northern China are susceptible to freeze-thaw erosion,which places higher requirements on the performance of repair materials for eroded areas,such as frost resistance,adhesion,coating penetration depth,water absorption ratio,and durability.Performance tests were conducted on existing repair materials,and the results showed that:XYPEX exhibits better performance compared to other materials;the high-performance ultra-nano silane impregnant has outstanding performance;and the composite coating demonstrates excellent comprehensive performance.The composite material modified with nano-SiO_(2) has further improved strength and durability.展开更多
Coal cinder is an abundant byproduct of the extensive consumption of coal in industrial production and daily life.Making full use of the cinder is conducive to a low-carbon economy.In this study,inspired by the burnin...Coal cinder is an abundant byproduct of the extensive consumption of coal in industrial production and daily life.Making full use of the cinder is conducive to a low-carbon economy.In this study,inspired by the burning of coal,a new method for constructing a silica-based composite porous material(SiO_(2)-CPM)was developed by combusting a siloxane-modified anthracite coal gel(CSiO_(2) gel).During this process,the combustion product was directly converted into a porous material,and the calorific value of the coal remained nearly unchanged(~98%of the original calorific value was retained),demonstrating the viability of this method for energy-efficient applications.The SiO_(2)-CPM exhibited an ultra-low thermal conductivity(0.036 W/(m·K)at room temperature),outperforming conventional insulation materials(e.g.,cotton~0.05 W/(m·K)).Additionally,it showed enhanced mechanical strength(fracture stress of 41.8 kPa)compared to the powder state of the coal cinder.Experimental results indicate that the amount of siloxane,structure-directing agent,and an acidic environment were critical for mechanical enhancement.The SiO_(2)-CPM showed good dimensional stability against thermal expansion and exhibited excellent thermal insulation and fire resistance even at 900℃.Meanwhile,the SiO_(2)-CPM with complex geometry could be easily fabricated using this method owing to the excellent shaping ability of the CSiO_(2) gel.Compared to conventional methods such as sol-gel synthesis or freeze-drying,this approach for fabricating SiO_(2)-CPM is simpler and cost-effective and allows the direct utilization of coal cinder post-combustion.展开更多
Capacitor-related energy storage devices with high power density,excellent cycle stability,wide operating temperature range,and environmental friendliness have enjoyed great popularity.However,the relatively poor ener...Capacitor-related energy storage devices with high power density,excellent cycle stability,wide operating temperature range,and environmental friendliness have enjoyed great popularity.However,the relatively poor energy density hinders their practical large-scale application.Electrospun carbon-based materials are ideal candidates owing to their large specific surface area(SSA),affluent porosity,high conductivity,good flexibility,and stable chemical properties.Therefore,this review provides the research progress of electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors in recent years.First,the electrospinning technology is briefly introduced,and then the research progress of various electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors is reviewed.Finally,the problems faced by electrospinning technology and developing electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors are summarized and prospected.It is expected to provide some ideas for developing new high-performance electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors.展开更多
Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impac...Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impact force.However,our understanding of the nanodroplet impact force is still blank.Herein,we reveal that the nanoscale size(∼10 nm)and high impact velocity(>100 m/s)of nanodroplets lead to unique characteristics of impact force,significantly differing from those ofmacrodroplets(∼1 mm).The nanodroplet impact force profile holds a single-peak feature,which is independent of droplet parameters and material wettability.The significant water-hammer pressure induces the abnormal rising of impact force,yielding unexpectedly high peak values governed by the Mach number(more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than droplet gravity).Our findings of droplet impact force at the nanoscale reveal the potential challenge of the damage of material surfaces by nanodroplet impact,highlighting one crucial factor for advancing nanolithography and nanoprinting.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51962002)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (No.2022GXNSFAA035463)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are considered one of the most promising next-generation secondary batteries owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density.However,practical applications are hindered by the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li PSs) and sluggish redox kinetics,which result in low active material utilization and poor cycling stability.Various copper-based materials have been used to inhibit the shuttle effect of Li PSs,owing to the strong anchoring effect caused by the lithiophilic/sulphilic sites and the accelerated conversion kinetics caused by excellent catalytic activity.This study briefly introduces the working principles of Li-S batteries,followed by a summary of the synthetic methods for copper-based materials.Moreover,the recent research progress in the utilization of various copper-based materials in cathodes and separators of Li-S batteries,including copper oxides,copper sulfides,copper phosphides,copper selenides,copper-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and copper single-atom,are systematically summarized.Subsequently,three strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of copper-based materials through defect engineering,morphology regulation,and synergistic effect of different components are presented.Finally,our perspectives on the future development of copper-based materials are presented,highlighting the major challenges in the rational design and synthesis of high-performance Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072411,52172263)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2022JJ30051)the Central South University InnovationDriven Research Program(No.2023CXQD038).
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries have attracted much attention in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,high safety,low cost,and high theoretical energy density.However,Zn anodes suffer from serious problems such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction,corrosion,and passivation.Cu-based materials have a wide range of applications in Zn anodes due to their excellent zincophilicity.Unfortunately,relevant review on Cu-based materials in anode electrode is still lacking.This review focuses on the progress,issues,and optimization strategies of Cu-based materials in Zn anodes.The application of Cu collectors in Zn anodes and the corresponding modifications are also highlighted.Finally,insights and future directions related to Cu-based materials for modified Zn anode and Cu collectors are presented to provide scientific guidance for future research.
基金Research Start-Up Fund Project of Anhui Polytechnic University(S022023017)University Research Project of Anhui Province(2023AH050937)+1 种基金Anhui Polytechnic University Research Foundation for Introducing Talents(2022YQQ003)Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Chassis by Wire。
文摘Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to their outstanding properties,including high thermal conductivity,tunable thermal expansion coefficients,excellent mechanical strength,and low density.However,the industrial-scale application of these composites faces critical challenges during the fabrication of components with complex structures,such as inhomogeneous dispersion of graphene within the copper matrix and poor interfacial bonding between the two phases,which substantially undermine the overall performance of graphene/copper-based composites.To address these issues,the preparation methods for graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks were reviewed.For each method,a rigorous analysis was presented to clarify its inherent advantages and unavoidable restrictions.Furthermore,the latest research progress in addressing three core scientific challenges was synthesized,including uniform dispersion of graphene,interfacial optimization mechanisms,and molecular dynamics simulations for elucidating the structure-property relationships.Finally,the future development directions of graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks in engineering applications were prospected.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515010228)CATARC Automotive Inspection Center Excellent Engineer Program(2023B0909050007).
文摘To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.
文摘CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52325506)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB501)。
文摘Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204250)Autonomous deployment project of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(SKLJC-Z2024-A05).
文摘In this paper,we present a broadband,high-extinction-ratio,nonvolatile 2×2 Mach-Zehnder interfer⁃ometer(MZI)optical switch based on the phase change material Sb_(2)Se_(3).The insertion loss(IL)is 0.84 dB and the extinction ratio(ER)reaches 28.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.The 3 dB bandwidth is greater than 150 nm.Within the 3 dB bandwidth,the ER is greater than 20.3 dB and 16.3 dB at bar and cross states,respectively.The power consumption for crystallization and amorphization of Sb_(2)Se_(3) is 105.86 nJ and 49 nJ,respectively.The switch holds significant promise for optical interconnects and optical computing applications.
文摘Standardization is necessary for the early industrialization of the new materials and technology.It is achieved by having agreed practices for the measurement of properties and other characteristics.The promising use of graphene-based materials in fields like electronics,energy,and composites has resulted in standards for their nomenclature,the measurement of key characteristics,and their specification,etc.Among these,standards for measuring the key characteristics are crucial.The critical parameters are the number of layers,the type and concentration of defects and functional groups,elemental composition,sheet resistance,and carrier mobility.Standards for characterizing these have been analyzed by the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee in ISO/TC229 and the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee in IEC/TC113.These give details of applicable or preferred samples,the fundamental principles of the techniques,specific precautions,and points for attention in the relevant standards.The pivotal role of the ISO/TC229 and IEC/TC113 standards is considered and challenges and future trends are outlined.
文摘In response to the global energy crisis and environmental challenges,photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production has emerged as a sustainable alternative toward clean energy conversion.Among diverse photocatalysts investigated,TiO_(2)-based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties,such as high chemical stability,strong redox capacity and tunable electronic structures,along with high cost-effectiveness.Extensive research on TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts proves their enormous potential in the field of H2 production.This timely and critical review explores the recent advances in TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts,discussing their distinctive advantages and synthesis methods in photocatalytic H2 production.Modification strategies,such as elemental doping(e.g.,precious metals,non-precious metals and non-metals),morphology engineering and composite formation,are summarised to improve photocatalytic efficiency.Advanced in/ex situ characterization techniques employed to probe photocatalytic mechanisms are also highlighted.Finally,major challenges,such as limited visible-light activity and charge recombination,are outlined,with perspectives on emerging TiO_(2)-based nanomaterials and design strategies to overcome current bottlenecks.And the research focus in the future is prospected,such as atomic interface engineering,machine learning auxiliary material design and large-scale preparation technology.This work aims to provide insights into the rational design of TiO_(2)-based photocatalysts for next-generation H2 production systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272943)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (21Y11913400)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNational Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2407405)
文摘Conventional treatments for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)suffer from low remission rates,high drug resistance,and severe adverse effects.To leverage the therapeutic potential of reactive oxygen species(ROS),nanocatalytic medicine utilizes nanomaterials to generate ROS specifically within tumor sites,enabling efficient and targeted cancer treatment.In this study,hyaluronic acid(HA)-modified copper-N,N-dimethyl-Nphenylsulfonylbisamine(DMSA)-assembled nanoparticles(Cu-DMSA-HA NPs)are developed with tumor-targeting capability and efficiently catalyze ROS production via coordination chemistry.Targeted delivery is facilitated by HA surface modification through recognition of overexpressed cluster of differentiation 44 receptors on cancer cells,which enhances nanoparticle uptake.Once internalized,intracellular glutathione is depleted by the NPs,followed by a Fenton-like reaction that sustains ROS production.Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this catalytic strategy effectively inhibits DNA replication,prevents cell cycle progression,downregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 expression,induces ferroptosis,and ultimately suppresses NSCLC progression.Overall,the readily prepared Cu-DMSA-HA NPs exhibit robust catalytic activity and tumor specificity,highlighting their strong potential for clinical translation in nanocatalytic cancer therapy.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2025YFE0109700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52106150)。
文摘CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52305388,BE0200030)Shanghai Pujiang Program(22PJ1407600)+1 种基金SJTU Explore X programShanghai Jiao Tong University Initiative Scientific Research Program(WH220402021)。
文摘Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for renewable energy and constructing self-powered electronics.In this review,we begin by outlining the fundamental mechanisms—ion diffusion,electric double layer formation,and streaming potential—that govern charge transport for MEG in moist environments.A comprehensive survey of material innovations follows,highlighting breakthroughs in carbon-based materials,conductive polymers,hydrogels,and bio-inspired systems that enhance MEG performance,scalability,and biocompatibility.We then explore a range of device architectures,from planar and layered systems to flexible,miniaturized,and textile-integrated designs,engineered for both energy conversion and sensor integration.Key challenges are analyzed,along with strategies for overcoming them.We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on future directions,including hybrid energy systems,AI-assisted material design,and real-world deployment.This review presents a timely and comprehensive overview of MEG technologies and their trajectory toward practical and sustainable energy solutions.
文摘The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite molecular sieves,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and can be produced in many different forms.Using their different possible construction units,ordered structures for specific applications can be produced,giving them broad prospects in fields such as gas storage.This review analyzes the different types of COFs that have been synthesized and their different methods of CO_(2) capture.It then discusses different ways to increase CO_(2) adsorption by changing the internal structure of COFs and modifying their surfaces.The limitations of COF-derived carbon materials in CO_(2) capture are reviewed and,finally,the key role of machine learning and computational simulation in improving CO_(2) adsorption is mentioned,and the current status and future possible uses of COFs are summarized.
文摘Investments in eco-friendly,recyclable material solutions and innovation in bio-based nonwovens are increasingly shaping the next generation of automotive interiors.The development of nonwoven materials and associated technologies is likely to lead to even wider adoption in the automotive industry,driven by rising global vehicle production,particularly in the growing electric vehicle(EV)segment,and an intensified focus on sustainable solutions.
基金the support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302460)the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection(Grant No.YBKT24-02)。
文摘The reactive materials filled structure(RMFS)is a structural penetrator that replaces high explosive(HE)with reactive materials,presenting a novel self-distributed initiation,multiple deflagrations behavior during penetrating multi-layered plates,and generating a multipeak overpressure behind the plates.Here analytical models of RMFS self-distributed energy release and equivalent deflagration are developed.The multipeak overpressure formation model based on the single deflagration overpressure expression was promoted.The impact tests of RMFS on multi-layered plates at 584 m/s,616 m/s,and819 m/s were performed to validate the analytical model.Further,the influence of a single overpressure peak and time intervals versus impact velocity is discussed.The analysis results indicate that the deflagration happened within 20.68 mm behind the plate,the initial impact velocity and plate thickness are the crucial factors that dominate the self-distributed multipeak overpressure effect.Three formation patterns of multipeak overpressure are proposed.
基金support for carrying out this work was provided by the Doctoral Research Foundation of Weifang University(2024BS20)Science and Technology Development Plan Foundation of Weifang(2024GX017).
文摘Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNF) is a promising alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.It achieves green ammonia production by utilizing solar energy for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.While nanoscale photocatalysts offer enhanced performance due to their high surface area and abundant active sites,their small size makes them difficult to recover and prone to agglomeration.These bottlenecks severely limit industrial application.A promising solution is to immobilize the catalysts onto support surfaces.This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the design of immobilized photocatalysts for ammonia synthesis.It begins by outlining the key benefits of immobilization strategies,particularly in improving catalyst stability,recyclability,and overall photocatalytic performance.The working mechanisms and features of various immobilization techniques are then categorized and explained,covering physical adsorption/deposition,chemical bonding,in situ growth,and hybrid physico-chemical methods.Supported materials and common substrate types are also summarized.Furthermore,the widely used configurations of photoreactors suitable for immobilized systems are introduced.Finally,the review identifies current research limitations and challenges,and offers perspectives on future developments in the field of immobilized photocatalysis.
文摘Concrete lining slabs of long-distance water conveyance projects in northern China are susceptible to freeze-thaw erosion,which places higher requirements on the performance of repair materials for eroded areas,such as frost resistance,adhesion,coating penetration depth,water absorption ratio,and durability.Performance tests were conducted on existing repair materials,and the results showed that:XYPEX exhibits better performance compared to other materials;the high-performance ultra-nano silane impregnant has outstanding performance;and the composite coating demonstrates excellent comprehensive performance.The composite material modified with nano-SiO_(2) has further improved strength and durability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52573220)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3404201)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-IDRY-GD24-005)the State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials(No.SWR-2022-009).
文摘Coal cinder is an abundant byproduct of the extensive consumption of coal in industrial production and daily life.Making full use of the cinder is conducive to a low-carbon economy.In this study,inspired by the burning of coal,a new method for constructing a silica-based composite porous material(SiO_(2)-CPM)was developed by combusting a siloxane-modified anthracite coal gel(CSiO_(2) gel).During this process,the combustion product was directly converted into a porous material,and the calorific value of the coal remained nearly unchanged(~98%of the original calorific value was retained),demonstrating the viability of this method for energy-efficient applications.The SiO_(2)-CPM exhibited an ultra-low thermal conductivity(0.036 W/(m·K)at room temperature),outperforming conventional insulation materials(e.g.,cotton~0.05 W/(m·K)).Additionally,it showed enhanced mechanical strength(fracture stress of 41.8 kPa)compared to the powder state of the coal cinder.Experimental results indicate that the amount of siloxane,structure-directing agent,and an acidic environment were critical for mechanical enhancement.The SiO_(2)-CPM showed good dimensional stability against thermal expansion and exhibited excellent thermal insulation and fire resistance even at 900℃.Meanwhile,the SiO_(2)-CPM with complex geometry could be easily fabricated using this method owing to the excellent shaping ability of the CSiO_(2) gel.Compared to conventional methods such as sol-gel synthesis or freeze-drying,this approach for fabricating SiO_(2)-CPM is simpler and cost-effective and allows the direct utilization of coal cinder post-combustion.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2022ME181)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51702123)funding from University of Jinan
文摘Capacitor-related energy storage devices with high power density,excellent cycle stability,wide operating temperature range,and environmental friendliness have enjoyed great popularity.However,the relatively poor energy density hinders their practical large-scale application.Electrospun carbon-based materials are ideal candidates owing to their large specific surface area(SSA),affluent porosity,high conductivity,good flexibility,and stable chemical properties.Therefore,this review provides the research progress of electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors in recent years.First,the electrospinning technology is briefly introduced,and then the research progress of various electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors is reviewed.Finally,the problems faced by electrospinning technology and developing electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors are summarized and prospected.It is expected to provide some ideas for developing new high-performance electrospun carbon-based materials for conventional and hybrid supercapacitors.
基金the Beijing Nova Program(no.20240484595)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52406104).
文摘Nanodroplet impact on nanoscale material interfaces is widely involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology,affecting the technical reliability through complicated liquid‒solid interaction force,that is,the droplet impact force.However,our understanding of the nanodroplet impact force is still blank.Herein,we reveal that the nanoscale size(∼10 nm)and high impact velocity(>100 m/s)of nanodroplets lead to unique characteristics of impact force,significantly differing from those ofmacrodroplets(∼1 mm).The nanodroplet impact force profile holds a single-peak feature,which is independent of droplet parameters and material wettability.The significant water-hammer pressure induces the abnormal rising of impact force,yielding unexpectedly high peak values governed by the Mach number(more than 10 orders of magnitude higher than droplet gravity).Our findings of droplet impact force at the nanoscale reveal the potential challenge of the damage of material surfaces by nanodroplet impact,highlighting one crucial factor for advancing nanolithography and nanoprinting.
