The rapid development of China's construction industry has supported the establishment of assembly-type construction projects. In the construction and assembly of construction projects, a large number of mechanica...The rapid development of China's construction industry has supported the establishment of assembly-type construction projects. In the construction and assembly of construction projects, a large number of mechanical equipment and installation techniques need to be used, and the construction of electromechanical installation is particularly important. Only by improving the construction control system and reasonable construction technology can the electrical and mechanical installation projects of the installed buildings be effectively and safely completed. For some problems and defects existing in the project, corresponding solutions must be worked out and properly dealt with, so as to continuously improve the construction technology of electromechanical installation project, enable the installed mechanical equipment to work normally and not be affected by external factors, and promote the stable development of construction enterprises and construction undertakings. This paper makes an in-depth study on the cooperation between fabricated electromechanical installation and civil engineering construction.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the evolutionary dynamics of cooperative strategies in social dilemma situations.Stochastic punishment has been proposed,in which whether an individual acts as a punisher or n...Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the evolutionary dynamics of cooperative strategies in social dilemma situations.Stochastic punishment has been proposed,in which whether an individual acts as a punisher or not is stochastic and depends on its preference for punishment.Meanwhile,both the cost of punishment and whether a defector would be punished are also stochastic.In previous models,the cost of punishment is considered to be either constant or proportional to the number of individuals to be punished.Furthermore,the hypothesis that all defectors should be penalized is frequently adopted.Actually,some defectors may refrain from being punished due to the presence of noise or the limitation of the punishment cost,and the cost of punishment is also dependent on the number of punishers.Thus,we establish an analytic model of stochastic punishment for infinite and well-mixed populations,investigate the effects of stochastic punishment on the evolution of cooperation,and analyze how to support the evolution of cooperation effectively when the stochastic punishment is possible.The objective of this letter is to design a cooperation-promoting stochastic punishment that will allow the system to evolve to full cooperation.The replicator equations have been used to explore the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation under stochastic punishment,and the conditions under which cooperation is favored by natural selection have been specified.展开更多
In the realm of missile defense systems,the self-sufficient maneuver capacity of missile swarms is pivotal for their survival.Through the analysis of the missile dynamics model,a time-efficient cooperative attack stra...In the realm of missile defense systems,the self-sufficient maneuver capacity of missile swarms is pivotal for their survival.Through the analysis of the missile dynamics model,a time-efficient cooperative attack strategy for missile swarm is proposed.Based on the distribution of the attackers and defenders,the collision avoidance against the defenders is considered during the attack process.By analyzing the geometric relationship between the relative velocity vector and relative position vector of the attackers and defenders,the collision avoidance constrains of attacking swarm are redefined.The key point is on adjusting the relative velocity vectors to fall outside the collision cone.This work facilitates high-precision attack toward the target while keeping safe missing distance between other attackers during collision avoidance process.By leveraging an innovative repulsion artificial function,a time-efficient cooperative attack strategy for missile swarm is obtained.Through rigorous simulation,the effectiveness of this cooperative attack strategy is substantiated.Furthermore,by employing Monte Carlo simulation,the success rate of the cooperative attack strategy is assessesed and the optimal configuration for the missile swarm is deduced.展开更多
Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.F...Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.Foreign oil companies might change their unfavorable negotiating position by changing the order of bidding and adjusting bidding strategies.This paper introduces both factors into a bilateral bargaining model to study the impact of information asymmetry and bidding order on the strategy and equilibrium returns of oil companies.According to the ownership of the right to bid first,two scenarios are designed for the model to compare the equilibrium returns of the host country and oil companies.The results show that:1)There is a first-mover advantage in the process of bilateral bidding,so oil companies better bid first;2)The information asymmetry will lead to a higher nominal income ratio of oil companies and a lower nominal income ratio of the host country,but it doesn’t affect the total income ratio at all.展开更多
We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes...We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes (CS-CAR) respectively. We introduce them into an existing two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model. CS-SA is designed to prohibit a kind of ping-pong jump when two objects standing together try to move in opposite directions. CS-CAR is designed to change the solution of conflict in parallel update. CS-CAR encourages the objects involved in parallel conflicts choose their alternative routes instead of waiting. We also combine the two cooperation strategies (CS-SA-CAR) to test their combined effects. It is found that the system keeps on a partial jam phase with nonzero velocity and flow until the density reaches one. The ratios of the ping-pong jump and the waiting objects involved in conflict are decreased obviously, especially at the free phase. And the average flow is improved by the three cooperation strategies. Although the average travel time is lengthened a bit by CS-CAR, it is shorten by CS-SA and CS-SA-CAR. In addition, we discuss the advantage and applicability of decentralized cooperation modeling.展开更多
This paper investigates a cooperative strategy for protecting an aerial target.The problem is solved as a game among four players（a target,two defenders,and a missile）.In this scenario,the target launches two defend...This paper investigates a cooperative strategy for protecting an aerial target.The problem is solved as a game among four players（a target,two defenders,and a missile）.In this scenario,the target launches two defenders（defender-1 and defender-2）simultaneously,to establish a oneway cooperation system（OCS）against an attacking missile.A new optimal evasion strategy for the target is also derived.During the engagement,the target takes into account the reaction of the attacking missile,and guides defender-1 to the interception point by receiving information from defender-1.Depending on the control effort of the target,defender-2 can choose appropriate launch conditions and use very limited maneuvering capability to intercept the missile.For adversaries with first-order dynamics,simulation results show that the OCS allows two defenders to intercept the missile.During the engagement,even if one defender or communication channel is broken,the OCS still allows an interception to be made,thus increasing the target’s survivability.展开更多
The modeling control method based on the dynamic resistance characteristics of good nuggets, that is the DRC method, is an improvement on the dynamic resistance threshold method for the quality control of resistance s...The modeling control method based on the dynamic resistance characteristics of good nuggets, that is the DRC method, is an improvement on the dynamic resistance threshold method for the quality control of resistance spot welding. But there is still a control blind area in the initial four cycles. For this reason, the quality of every weld nugget could not be fully ensured. Thus a new fuzzy cooperative control method is put forward. It uses a multi-information time-control mechanism by combining the constant current control technology with the DRC method in a relay way. This whole-process control strategy has led to a good control effect and produced the dual-identical results in the weld nugget quality and the welding time.展开更多
For the impact of intermittent resources＇ high penetration on the economic dispatch of islanded microgrid, a new economic dispatch method is presented to minimize the overall generating cost for islanded microgrid, c...For the impact of intermittent resources＇ high penetration on the economic dispatch of islanded microgrid, a new economic dispatch method is presented to minimize the overall generating cost for islanded microgrid, considering a cooperative strategy between diesel generator （hereinafter referred to as DE） and battery energy storage system （BESS）. The optimum economic operation range of DE and the optimal set-point between DE and BESS are presented in the cooperative dispatch strategy, in which BESS is used fully to enable DE in a lower cost and higher efficient way. The results are analyzed under various operation conditions and also prove the validity of the DrODosed method.展开更多
A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of ...A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.展开更多
The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerica...The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerical values as a decision table. Coding is performed with this table as chromosomes, and this is optimized by using genetic algorithm. These environments were realized on a computer, and the simulation was carried out. As the result, the learning of the method to act so that moving objects do not obstruct mutually was recognized, and it was confirmed that these methods are effective for optimizing moving strategy.展开更多
Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning st...Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning strategy is introduced and analyzed in this article.This article defines the cooperative learning strategy and then introduces the benefits of it and at last suggests how to using it in English teaching,especially in speaking.展开更多
The widespread use of personal care products poses significant risks to both ecosystems and human health.The construction of photocatalysts with the advantages of enhanced visible light absorption,efficient charge sep...The widespread use of personal care products poses significant risks to both ecosystems and human health.The construction of photocatalysts with the advantages of enhanced visible light absorption,efficient charge separation and high stability is important for the degradation of persistent environmental pollutants.Herein,we have prepared two D-A heterojunction organic semiconductor photocatalysts:PV-BDTC1:IDTCN/Biochar and PVBDTC2:IDTCN/Biochar by a simple design method that can be widely applied.Under visible light irradiation,PV-BDTC2:IDTCN/Biochar showed better removal ability for indomethacin,with reaction rate constants 14.7 and 5.1 times higher than those of PV-BDTC2:IDTCN and Biochar,respectively.This is attributed to the construction of a heterojunction between the donor and the acceptor,which expands the light absorption range and promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers,thereby giving the material the ability to produce a large number of reactive oxygen species during the photocatalytic reaction.In addition,Biochar well ensures the stability of D-A heterojunction films under long-term operating conditions.This work highlight the potential of natural biomaterials in constructing effective D-A heterojunction organic photocatalysts/adsorbents for combatting water pollution.展开更多
Multiterminal hybrid HVDC systems,combining the advantages of conventional and flexible DC systems,are considered important development trends for future power networks.With the ability to suppress DC fault current,hy...Multiterminal hybrid HVDC systems,combining the advantages of conventional and flexible DC systems,are considered important development trends for future power networks.With the ability to suppress DC fault current,hybrid HVDC systems eliminate the requirement of current limiting reactors at both ends of DC lines.Thus,non-unit protection based on line boundaries is no longer applicable.In this paper,a non-unit protection scheme in cooperation with converter control is proposed to ensure protection speed,reliability,and sen-sitivity for multiterminal hybrid HVDC systems without line boundaries.In the proposed protection scheme,the protection criterion based on the transient energy of the DC voltage and the direction criterion based on the travelling wave are used to identify whether the fault occurs on the DC line.When the fault is detected as a DC-line fault,the relevant converter station is quickly blocked.After a specified hold-off duration,the converter station interfacing with multiple DC lines is prioritized for restart,while the remaining converter stations are restarted once the DC voltage is stabilized.Simulations based on PSCAD/EMTDC validate the feasibility of the proposed protection scheme and its superiority over competing approaches.展开更多
Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is a new heuristic algorithm which has been applied to many optimization problems successfully. Attribute reduction is a key studying point of the rough set theory, and it has been ...Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is a new heuristic algorithm which has been applied to many optimization problems successfully. Attribute reduction is a key studying point of the rough set theory, and it has been proven that computing minimal reduc- tion of decision tables is a non-derterministic polynomial （NP）-hard problem. A new cooperative extended attribute reduction algorithm named Co-PSAR based on improved PSO is proposed, in which the cooperative evolutionary strategy with suitable fitness func- tions is involved to learn a good hypothesis for accelerating the optimization of searching minimal attribute reduction. Experiments on Benchmark functions and University of California, Irvine （UCI） data sets, compared with other algorithms, verify the superiority of the Co-PSAR algorithm in terms of the convergence speed, efficiency and accuracy for the attribute reduction.展开更多
Efficient cooperation,which has become common under rising economic globalization,is leading to new opportunities and challenges for enterprises choosing long-term competition strategies.Sharing resources with competi...Efficient cooperation,which has become common under rising economic globalization,is leading to new opportunities and challenges for enterprises choosing long-term competition strategies.Sharing resources with competitors is believed to weaken a firm's competitive edge.However,a potentially competitive market may change a firm's incentive to share resources strategically with rivals.Consequently,this study investigates two possible cooperation models between leading enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)to examine the impact of sharing resources on a firm's strategy.This analysis shows that cooperation strategies benefit both the leading firm and the SME under certain conditions.Furthermore,this study demonstrates that the wholesale cooperation strategy is always more detrimental to the environment than the license cooperation strategy.Interestingly,although cooperation can help SMEs develop sustainably in most cases,industries with high resource costs may experience a situation in which SMEs benefit from competition,thus resisting cooperation and harming the leading enterprise.This study highlights the role of a potentially competitive market and provides managerial insights for stakeholders.展开更多
Due to the rapid growth of China’s demands for energy resources, energy security hasbecome a more and more important issue in making future energy decisions. China’senergy policy is founded on the principle of “mul...Due to the rapid growth of China’s demands for energy resources, energy security hasbecome a more and more important issue in making future energy decisions. China’senergy policy is founded on the principle of “multiple energy supplies and imports”. Itwould be one of the best solutions if China could make use of its various advantages,attentively develop its multi-energy cooperation with other countries, and seek for acooperative program that is accessible to many sides such as China, Russia, Japan andSouth Korea. Nevertheless, under current circumstances, how to realize “multiple energysupply and import” is not only a focal point for China’s energy security but also one of thetricky issues for the Chinese government. In this paper, the author has put forward someviewpoints and policy suggestions on Sino-Russian energy cooperation and other geo-economic strategic problems.展开更多
1-Isoquinolin-1(2H)-one skeleton exists widely in natural products,pharmaceuticals and materials.We disclose here a fluorine effect and catalyst cooperatively induced regioselective or regiospecific 3,4-functionalizat...1-Isoquinolin-1(2H)-one skeleton exists widely in natural products,pharmaceuticals and materials.We disclose here a fluorine effect and catalyst cooperatively induced regioselective or regiospecific 3,4-functionalization of unsymmetric 2-CF_(3)-1,3-enynes.The presence of trifluoromethyl group is determinable for the regioselectivity.When the CF_(3) group was replaced with the methyl or amide group,the regioselectivity decreased to a ratio of 1.3:1 or 1:1.7,respectively.For alkyl substitutedβ-CF_(3)-1,3-enynes,a regiospecificity was obtained.This strategy features excellent regioselectivity,broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance.Mechanistic studies showed that C–H bond activation is the rate-limiting step.展开更多
In the context of highway merging scenarios where ramp vehicles encounter rear vehicles on the main lane,a significant challenge arises due to the competition for the right of way,exacerbated by the stochastic nature ...In the context of highway merging scenarios where ramp vehicles encounter rear vehicles on the main lane,a significant challenge arises due to the competition for the right of way,exacerbated by the stochastic nature of driving styles.This situation can lead to traffic congestion and even collisions if not managed effectively.To address these issues,this paper presents an optimal cooperative merging strategy based on Bayesian Nash Equilibrium for connected and automated vehicles.The approach begins by analyzing the inherent randomness in driving styles exhibited at on-ramps.Specifically,a Principal Component Analysis method is applied to extract key features with lower dimensions.These features are then used to estimate the probability distributions of driving styles for both ramp and mainline vehicles.Subsequently,a cooperative merging model is developed,taking into account the obtained probability distributions of driving styles.This model leverages the Markov Bayesian Game Decision Process framework to represent the decision-making interactions between mainline and ramp vehicles.Furthermore,a Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework integrated with Bayesian Game is proposed,to learn and derive the optimal cooperative merging strategy under stochastic driving styles.Simulation results indicate that the proposed model can make feasible and reasonable decisions at on-ramps,effectively avoiding collision accidents caused by stochastic driving styles.展开更多
In this study,modeling based on game theory and strategic reasoning is employed to investigate a critical threeplayer conflict scenario involving active target defense engagement.In this scenario,a target aircraft dep...In this study,modeling based on game theory and strategic reasoning is employed to investigate a critical threeplayer conflict scenario involving active target defense engagement.In this scenario,a target aircraft deploys a defending missile to intercept an adversarial attacking missile that follows proportional navigation.Distinct from existing studies that primarily consider target evasive maneuvers or focus solely on the strategy of the defending missile,this study introduces a stationary virtual pinning point and proposes a cooperative pinning game(CPG)strategy,where the target aircraft actively maneuvers to geometrically constrain the trajectory of the attacking missile to pass through this point.This creates a predictable flight path for the attacking missile,enabling the defending missile to achieve head-on interception.First,an active target defense model is formulated,incorporating an attacking missile,a defending missile,a target aircraft,and a pinning point.Thereafter,a CPG strategy is proposed,where guidance laws for pinning and defense are jointly designed to meet the strategic requirements,and a feasible pinning point region is determined to ensure that the strategy can be practically implemented.Furthermore,a physical verification system is developed using multiple unmanned ground vehicles.Finally,numerical simulations and physical experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and its hardware adaptability.展开更多
文摘The rapid development of China's construction industry has supported the establishment of assembly-type construction projects. In the construction and assembly of construction projects, a large number of mechanical equipment and installation techniques need to be used, and the construction of electromechanical installation is particularly important. Only by improving the construction control system and reasonable construction technology can the electrical and mechanical installation projects of the installed buildings be effectively and safely completed. For some problems and defects existing in the project, corresponding solutions must be worked out and properly dealt with, so as to continuously improve the construction technology of electromechanical installation project, enable the installed mechanical equipment to work normally and not be affected by external factors, and promote the stable development of construction enterprises and construction undertakings. This paper makes an in-depth study on the cooperation between fabricated electromechanical installation and civil engineering construction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61903080)the Fun-damental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232023D-26).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the evolutionary dynamics of cooperative strategies in social dilemma situations.Stochastic punishment has been proposed,in which whether an individual acts as a punisher or not is stochastic and depends on its preference for punishment.Meanwhile,both the cost of punishment and whether a defector would be punished are also stochastic.In previous models,the cost of punishment is considered to be either constant or proportional to the number of individuals to be punished.Furthermore,the hypothesis that all defectors should be penalized is frequently adopted.Actually,some defectors may refrain from being punished due to the presence of noise or the limitation of the punishment cost,and the cost of punishment is also dependent on the number of punishers.Thus,we establish an analytic model of stochastic punishment for infinite and well-mixed populations,investigate the effects of stochastic punishment on the evolution of cooperation,and analyze how to support the evolution of cooperation effectively when the stochastic punishment is possible.The objective of this letter is to design a cooperation-promoting stochastic punishment that will allow the system to evolve to full cooperation.The replicator equations have been used to explore the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation under stochastic punishment,and the conditions under which cooperation is favored by natural selection have been specified.
基金supported by the Intelligent Aerospace System Leading Innovation Team Program of Zhejiang(2022R01003).
文摘In the realm of missile defense systems,the self-sufficient maneuver capacity of missile swarms is pivotal for their survival.Through the analysis of the missile dynamics model,a time-efficient cooperative attack strategy for missile swarm is proposed.Based on the distribution of the attackers and defenders,the collision avoidance against the defenders is considered during the attack process.By analyzing the geometric relationship between the relative velocity vector and relative position vector of the attackers and defenders,the collision avoidance constrains of attacking swarm are redefined.The key point is on adjusting the relative velocity vectors to fall outside the collision cone.This work facilitates high-precision attack toward the target while keeping safe missing distance between other attackers during collision avoidance process.By leveraging an innovative repulsion artificial function,a time-efficient cooperative attack strategy for missile swarm is obtained.Through rigorous simulation,the effectiveness of this cooperative attack strategy is substantiated.Furthermore,by employing Monte Carlo simulation,the success rate of the cooperative attack strategy is assessesed and the optimal configuration for the missile swarm is deduced.
基金the financial support provided by the Humanities and Social Sciences Program of Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant Nos.19YJCZH106 and 20YJCZH201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71904111 and 71774105)Program for the Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi(Grant No.201803079,2nd[2018]of Jin Education)。
文摘Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.Foreign oil companies might change their unfavorable negotiating position by changing the order of bidding and adjusting bidding strategies.This paper introduces both factors into a bilateral bargaining model to study the impact of information asymmetry and bidding order on the strategy and equilibrium returns of oil companies.According to the ownership of the right to bid first,two scenarios are designed for the model to compare the equilibrium returns of the host country and oil companies.The results show that:1)There is a first-mover advantage in the process of bilateral bidding,so oil companies better bid first;2)The information asymmetry will lead to a higher nominal income ratio of oil companies and a lower nominal income ratio of the host country,but it doesn’t affect the total income ratio at all.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61103093the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China (863) under Grant No. 2011AA010502
文摘We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes (CS-CAR) respectively. We introduce them into an existing two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model. CS-SA is designed to prohibit a kind of ping-pong jump when two objects standing together try to move in opposite directions. CS-CAR is designed to change the solution of conflict in parallel update. CS-CAR encourages the objects involved in parallel conflicts choose their alternative routes instead of waiting. We also combine the two cooperation strategies (CS-SA-CAR) to test their combined effects. It is found that the system keeps on a partial jam phase with nonzero velocity and flow until the density reaches one. The ratios of the ping-pong jump and the waiting objects involved in conflict are decreased obviously, especially at the free phase. And the average flow is improved by the three cooperation strategies. Although the average travel time is lengthened a bit by CS-CAR, it is shorten by CS-SA and CS-SA-CAR. In addition, we discuss the advantage and applicability of decentralized cooperation modeling.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11672093)the Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation (No. SAST2016039)
文摘This paper investigates a cooperative strategy for protecting an aerial target.The problem is solved as a game among four players（a target,two defenders,and a missile）.In this scenario,the target launches two defenders（defender-1 and defender-2）simultaneously,to establish a oneway cooperation system（OCS）against an attacking missile.A new optimal evasion strategy for the target is also derived.During the engagement,the target takes into account the reaction of the attacking missile,and guides defender-1 to the interception point by receiving information from defender-1.Depending on the control effort of the target,defender-2 can choose appropriate launch conditions and use very limited maneuvering capability to intercept the missile.For adversaries with first-order dynamics,simulation results show that the OCS allows two defenders to intercept the missile.During the engagement,even if one defender or communication channel is broken,the OCS still allows an interception to be made,thus increasing the target’s survivability.
文摘The modeling control method based on the dynamic resistance characteristics of good nuggets, that is the DRC method, is an improvement on the dynamic resistance threshold method for the quality control of resistance spot welding. But there is still a control blind area in the initial four cycles. For this reason, the quality of every weld nugget could not be fully ensured. Thus a new fuzzy cooperative control method is put forward. It uses a multi-information time-control mechanism by combining the constant current control technology with the DRC method in a relay way. This whole-process control strategy has led to a good control effect and produced the dual-identical results in the weld nugget quality and the welding time.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61703068)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJ1704097)+1 种基金the Chongqing Basic Science and Advanced Technology Research Project(No.cstc2016jcyjA1919)the Doctor Start-up Funding of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.A2016-05)
文摘For the impact of intermittent resources＇ high penetration on the economic dispatch of islanded microgrid, a new economic dispatch method is presented to minimize the overall generating cost for islanded microgrid, considering a cooperative strategy between diesel generator （hereinafter referred to as DE） and battery energy storage system （BESS）. The optimum economic operation range of DE and the optimal set-point between DE and BESS are presented in the cooperative dispatch strategy, in which BESS is used fully to enable DE in a lower cost and higher efficient way. The results are analyzed under various operation conditions and also prove the validity of the DrODosed method.
文摘A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.
文摘The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerical values as a decision table. Coding is performed with this table as chromosomes, and this is optimized by using genetic algorithm. These environments were realized on a computer, and the simulation was carried out. As the result, the learning of the method to act so that moving objects do not obstruct mutually was recognized, and it was confirmed that these methods are effective for optimizing moving strategy.
文摘Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning strategy is introduced and analyzed in this article.This article defines the cooperative learning strategy and then introduces the benefits of it and at last suggests how to using it in English teaching,especially in speaking.
基金supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(No.AA24206037)the Training Project of High-level Professional and Technical Talents of Guangxi University and Natural Science and Technology Innovation Development Multiplication Program of Guangxi University(No.2022BZRC006)+2 种基金the project of the Research on the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the anode of medium-lowtemperature direct ammonia SOFCs(No.20231063020006)the project of all solid-state high energy density energy storage system(No.20221063010031)the project of Shenzhen Overseas Talent upon Industrialization of 1 kw stack for direct ammonia SOFCs(No.20221061010002).
文摘The widespread use of personal care products poses significant risks to both ecosystems and human health.The construction of photocatalysts with the advantages of enhanced visible light absorption,efficient charge separation and high stability is important for the degradation of persistent environmental pollutants.Herein,we have prepared two D-A heterojunction organic semiconductor photocatalysts:PV-BDTC1:IDTCN/Biochar and PVBDTC2:IDTCN/Biochar by a simple design method that can be widely applied.Under visible light irradiation,PV-BDTC2:IDTCN/Biochar showed better removal ability for indomethacin,with reaction rate constants 14.7 and 5.1 times higher than those of PV-BDTC2:IDTCN and Biochar,respectively.This is attributed to the construction of a heterojunction between the donor and the acceptor,which expands the light absorption range and promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers,thereby giving the material the ability to produce a large number of reactive oxygen species during the photocatalytic reaction.In addition,Biochar well ensures the stability of D-A heterojunction films under long-term operating conditions.This work highlight the potential of natural biomaterials in constructing effective D-A heterojunction organic photocatalysts/adsorbents for combatting water pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52207088)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2024202184).
文摘Multiterminal hybrid HVDC systems,combining the advantages of conventional and flexible DC systems,are considered important development trends for future power networks.With the ability to suppress DC fault current,hybrid HVDC systems eliminate the requirement of current limiting reactors at both ends of DC lines.Thus,non-unit protection based on line boundaries is no longer applicable.In this paper,a non-unit protection scheme in cooperation with converter control is proposed to ensure protection speed,reliability,and sen-sitivity for multiterminal hybrid HVDC systems without line boundaries.In the proposed protection scheme,the protection criterion based on the transient energy of the DC voltage and the direction criterion based on the travelling wave are used to identify whether the fault occurs on the DC line.When the fault is detected as a DC-line fault,the relevant converter station is quickly blocked.After a specified hold-off duration,the converter station interfacing with multiple DC lines is prioritized for restart,while the remaining converter stations are restarted once the DC voltage is stabilized.Simulations based on PSCAD/EMTDC validate the feasibility of the proposed protection scheme and its superiority over competing approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60873069 61171132)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies (JS-2010-K005)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education (CXZZ11 0219)the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology (KJS1023)the Applying Study Foundation of Nantong (BK2011062)
文摘Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is a new heuristic algorithm which has been applied to many optimization problems successfully. Attribute reduction is a key studying point of the rough set theory, and it has been proven that computing minimal reduc- tion of decision tables is a non-derterministic polynomial （NP）-hard problem. A new cooperative extended attribute reduction algorithm named Co-PSAR based on improved PSO is proposed, in which the cooperative evolutionary strategy with suitable fitness func- tions is involved to learn a good hypothesis for accelerating the optimization of searching minimal attribute reduction. Experiments on Benchmark functions and University of California, Irvine （UCI） data sets, compared with other algorithms, verify the superiority of the Co-PSAR algorithm in terms of the convergence speed, efficiency and accuracy for the attribute reduction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71872028)the Digital Culture and Media Research Fund of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Base in Sichuan Province(19CDCMO3).
文摘Efficient cooperation,which has become common under rising economic globalization,is leading to new opportunities and challenges for enterprises choosing long-term competition strategies.Sharing resources with competitors is believed to weaken a firm's competitive edge.However,a potentially competitive market may change a firm's incentive to share resources strategically with rivals.Consequently,this study investigates two possible cooperation models between leading enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)to examine the impact of sharing resources on a firm's strategy.This analysis shows that cooperation strategies benefit both the leading firm and the SME under certain conditions.Furthermore,this study demonstrates that the wholesale cooperation strategy is always more detrimental to the environment than the license cooperation strategy.Interestingly,although cooperation can help SMEs develop sustainably in most cases,industries with high resource costs may experience a situation in which SMEs benefit from competition,thus resisting cooperation and harming the leading enterprise.This study highlights the role of a potentially competitive market and provides managerial insights for stakeholders.
文摘Due to the rapid growth of China’s demands for energy resources, energy security hasbecome a more and more important issue in making future energy decisions. China’senergy policy is founded on the principle of “multiple energy supplies and imports”. Itwould be one of the best solutions if China could make use of its various advantages,attentively develop its multi-energy cooperation with other countries, and seek for acooperative program that is accessible to many sides such as China, Russia, Japan andSouth Korea. Nevertheless, under current circumstances, how to realize “multiple energysupply and import” is not only a focal point for China’s energy security but also one of thetricky issues for the Chinese government. In this paper, the author has put forward someviewpoints and policy suggestions on Sino-Russian energy cooperation and other geo-economic strategic problems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Founda:tion of China(22461002,22308061,22305046)Natural Science Foundation(NSF)of Jiangxi Province(20224BAB213011,20242BAB20110,20224BAB213012)+1 种基金High-Level and Highly Demanded Overseas Talent Programs of Jiangxi Province(20232BCJ25050)Gannan Normal University Start-up Fund(BSJJ202109).
文摘1-Isoquinolin-1(2H)-one skeleton exists widely in natural products,pharmaceuticals and materials.We disclose here a fluorine effect and catalyst cooperatively induced regioselective or regiospecific 3,4-functionalization of unsymmetric 2-CF_(3)-1,3-enynes.The presence of trifluoromethyl group is determinable for the regioselectivity.When the CF_(3) group was replaced with the methyl or amide group,the regioselectivity decreased to a ratio of 1.3:1 or 1:1.7,respectively.For alkyl substitutedβ-CF_(3)-1,3-enynes,a regiospecificity was obtained.This strategy features excellent regioselectivity,broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance.Mechanistic studies showed that C–H bond activation is the rate-limiting step.
基金supported in part by China Scholarship Council under Grant 202206830054the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 52072175+1 种基金Jiangsu Outstanding Youth Fund Project under Grant BK20220078by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant NI2023002.
文摘In the context of highway merging scenarios where ramp vehicles encounter rear vehicles on the main lane,a significant challenge arises due to the competition for the right of way,exacerbated by the stochastic nature of driving styles.This situation can lead to traffic congestion and even collisions if not managed effectively.To address these issues,this paper presents an optimal cooperative merging strategy based on Bayesian Nash Equilibrium for connected and automated vehicles.The approach begins by analyzing the inherent randomness in driving styles exhibited at on-ramps.Specifically,a Principal Component Analysis method is applied to extract key features with lower dimensions.These features are then used to estimate the probability distributions of driving styles for both ramp and mainline vehicles.Subsequently,a cooperative merging model is developed,taking into account the obtained probability distributions of driving styles.This model leverages the Markov Bayesian Game Decision Process framework to represent the decision-making interactions between mainline and ramp vehicles.Furthermore,a Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework integrated with Bayesian Game is proposed,to learn and derive the optimal cooperative merging strategy under stochastic driving styles.Simulation results indicate that the proposed model can make feasible and reasonable decisions at on-ramps,effectively avoiding collision accidents caused by stochastic driving styles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62473029,U2241217,62103023,62103016,62473027,62403038)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.501XYGG2025103012)the Post-doctoral Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.BX20240462)。
文摘In this study,modeling based on game theory and strategic reasoning is employed to investigate a critical threeplayer conflict scenario involving active target defense engagement.In this scenario,a target aircraft deploys a defending missile to intercept an adversarial attacking missile that follows proportional navigation.Distinct from existing studies that primarily consider target evasive maneuvers or focus solely on the strategy of the defending missile,this study introduces a stationary virtual pinning point and proposes a cooperative pinning game(CPG)strategy,where the target aircraft actively maneuvers to geometrically constrain the trajectory of the attacking missile to pass through this point.This creates a predictable flight path for the attacking missile,enabling the defending missile to achieve head-on interception.First,an active target defense model is formulated,incorporating an attacking missile,a defending missile,a target aircraft,and a pinning point.Thereafter,a CPG strategy is proposed,where guidance laws for pinning and defense are jointly designed to meet the strategic requirements,and a feasible pinning point region is determined to ensure that the strategy can be practically implemented.Furthermore,a physical verification system is developed using multiple unmanned ground vehicles.Finally,numerical simulations and physical experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and its hardware adaptability.
