The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because o...The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because of its straightforward,single-solution evolution framework.However,a potential draw-back of IGA is the lack of utilization of historical information,which could lead to an imbalance between exploration and exploitation,especially in large-scale DPFSPs.As a consequence,this paper develops an IGA with memory and learning mechanisms(MLIGA)to efficiently solve the DPFSP targeted at the mini-malmakespan.InMLIGA,we incorporate a memory mechanism to make a more informed selection of the initial solution at each stage of the search,by extending,reconstructing,and reinforcing the information from previous solutions.In addition,we design a twolayer cooperative reinforcement learning approach to intelligently determine the key parameters of IGA and the operations of the memory mechanism.Meanwhile,to ensure that the experience generated by each perturbation operator is fully learned and to reduce the prior parameters of MLIGA,a probability curve-based acceptance criterion is proposed by combining a cube root function with custom rules.At last,a discrete adaptive learning rate is employed to enhance the stability of the memory and learningmechanisms.Complete ablation experiments are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the memory mechanism,and the results show that this mechanism is capable of improving the performance of IGA to a large extent.Furthermore,through comparative experiments involving MLIGA and five state-of-the-art algorithms on 720 benchmarks,we have discovered that MLI-GA demonstrates significant potential for solving large-scale DPFSPs.This indicates that MLIGA is well-suited for real-world distributed flow shop scheduling.展开更多
The following sections of this article are the background of the experiences described in the book Creative Journals in a Bottle.Out-of-the-Box Activities That Help Teenagers Become Sensitive and Self-Confident Adults...The following sections of this article are the background of the experiences described in the book Creative Journals in a Bottle.Out-of-the-Box Activities That Help Teenagers Become Sensitive and Self-Confident Adults(Cuccu,2024).Being a teacher in a classroom of young people involves more than just being able to tell them about a topic they have to study,they are also educators and play an important role in their development in a critical period of their lives.The following sections deal with things to do and not to do in order to create an ideal environment characterized by empathy,motivation,and learning together.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing eme...Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing emergency surgery standardized training in our hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group(46,group cooperative learning+flipped classroom)and a control group(49,traditional teaching).The training period was 2 months.Results:The graduation assessment scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The improvement in critical thinking ability and self-learning ability was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).The response rate of“yes”to all items of course teaching satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction scores for training teachers were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The teaching model of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom,through reconstructing the learning process and activating interactive participation,can significantly improve the clinical operation and theoretical foundation of emergency surgery standardized training students.It also cultivates core professional qualities such as critical thinking,self-learning,and team collaboration,providing a feasible paradigm for integrated medical education in this discipline.展开更多
This paper intends to promote a college English autonomous teaching and learning approach by introducing the whole process of its implementation and feedback from the learners. The theoretical and practical framework ...This paper intends to promote a college English autonomous teaching and learning approach by introducing the whole process of its implementation and feedback from the learners. The theoretical and practical framework of this approach is： with multiple autonomous learning research and practice models as its core, with process syllabus as its guidance, with task-based teaching as its essential principle, with group cooperation and reciprocal learning as its means, with extracurricular activities, online learning and self-access center as its learning environment, with formative assessment system as its guarantee and with cultivation of learners＇ comprehensive English practical skills and autonomy as its goal. Through this approach, we provide the learners with a favorable learning environment where they can learn by themselves and learn by reflection and practice so that they can learn how to learn and how to behave and how to survive.展开更多
Cooperative learning has developed into a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy. Cooperative learning can not only motivate students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, but promote the interactio...Cooperative learning has developed into a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy. Cooperative learning can not only motivate students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, but promote the interaction between the teacher and students.This paper analyzes the connotations and benefits of cooperative learning, explores reasons for existing problems in the application of cooperative learning in college English teaching and presents strategies for effective implementation of cooperative learning.展开更多
The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-gener...The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-generation(5G)networks transformed mobile broadband and machine-type communications at massive scales,their properties of scaling,interference management,and latency remain a limitation in dense high mobility settings.To overcome these limitations,artificial intelligence(AI)and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have emerged as potential solutions to develop versatile,dynamic,and energy-efficient communication systems.The study proposes an AI-based UAV architecture that utilizes cooperative reinforcement learning(CoRL)to manage an autonomous network.The UAVs collaborate by sharing local observations and real-time state exchanges to optimize user connectivity,movement directions,allocate power,and resource distribution.Unlike conventional centralized or autonomous methods,CoRL involves joint state sharing and conflict-sensitive reward shaping,which ensures fair coverage,less interference,and enhanced adaptability in a dynamic urban environment.Simulations conducted in smart city scenarios with 10 UAVs and 50 ground users demonstrate that the proposed CoRL-based UAV system increases user coverage by up to 10%,achieves convergence 40%faster,and reduces latency and energy consumption by 30%compared with centralized and decentralized baselines.Furthermore,the distributed nature of the algorithm ensures scalability and flexibility,making it well-suited for future large-scale 6G deployments.The results highlighted that AI-enabled UAV systems enhance connectivity,support ultra-reliable low-latency communications(URLLC),and improve 6G network efficiency.Future work will extend the framework with adaptive modulation,beamforming-aware positioning,and real-world testbed deployment.展开更多
In the information age,blended teaching,no matter online or offline,has become the mainstream of college teaching reform.In this teaching model,self-directed learning and cooperative learning are the two main learning...In the information age,blended teaching,no matter online or offline,has become the mainstream of college teaching reform.In this teaching model,self-directed learning and cooperative learning are the two main learning approaches.On the online teaching platform,students mainly learn knowledge-based content by self-directed learning,while practising their language skills by cooperative learning in flipped classroom activities.On one hand,it advocates student-centered strategy so as to improve students autonomous learning ability;on the other hand,teachers serve as a guide to organize the classroom activities;meanwhile,they give timely feedback to students in order to promote students’learning ability.In blended teaching model,this mutually compatible and reinforcing model of self-directed learning and cooperative learning is undoubtedly helpful to improve the teaching efficiency.展开更多
Cooperative learning,as a new organizational form of teaching,has been more and more widely used in English language teaching.It has broken the traditional teacher-centered teaching mode.Nowadays,it has been regarded ...Cooperative learning,as a new organizational form of teaching,has been more and more widely used in English language teaching.It has broken the traditional teacher-centered teaching mode.Nowadays,it has been regarded as a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy.In order to get more insights into cooperative learning,which is not only a way of learning but also a teaching strategy,a study on the application of cooperative learning has been made from several aspects:theoretical basis,application and evaluation.展开更多
This paper focus on the function of cooperative learning in developing positive affect,Including reducing anxiety,increasing motivation,facilitating the development of positive attitudes toward learning and language l...This paper focus on the function of cooperative learning in developing positive affect,Including reducing anxiety,increasing motivation,facilitating the development of positive attitudes toward learning and language learning,promoting self-esteem,as well as supporting different learning styles and encouraging perseverance in the difficult and confusing process of learning a foreign language.展开更多
Cryogenic ground support equipment (CGSE) is an important part of a famous particle physics experiment - AMS-02. In this paper a design method which optimizes PID parameters of CGSE control system via the particle swa...Cryogenic ground support equipment (CGSE) is an important part of a famous particle physics experiment - AMS-02. In this paper a design method which optimizes PID parameters of CGSE control system via the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented. Firstly, an improved version of the original PSO, cooperative random learning particle swarm optimization (CRPSO), is put forward to enhance the performance of the conventional PSO. Secondly, the way of finding PID coefficient will be studied by using this algorithm. Finally, the experimental results and practical works demonstrate that the CRPSO-PID controller achieves a good performance.展开更多
Learner autonomy is a desirable goal in English teaching and learning. How to foster learner autonomy is of significance and of importance on pedagogy. The paper discusses the present problems in China, and then propo...Learner autonomy is a desirable goal in English teaching and learning. How to foster learner autonomy is of significance and of importance on pedagogy. The paper discusses the present problems in China, and then proposes four ways to promote learner autonomy.展开更多
Learner Autonomy （LA） is the desirable goal of the education. To date, many Learner Autonomy training programs have been carried out in foreign language teaching. Cooperative Learning （CL） is a language teaching a...Learner Autonomy （LA） is the desirable goal of the education. To date, many Learner Autonomy training programs have been carried out in foreign language teaching. Cooperative Learning （CL） is a language teaching and learning strategy which gets learners actively and cooperatively involved in learning a foreign language in groups. Both of them have been respectively advocated from pedagogical point of view and from the perspective of philosophy. However, being autonomous does not necessarily mean learning alone. Language learners should learn cooperatively and autonomously. It is the author＇s contention that CL is a good method to promote LA. CL has positive effects on both students＇ readiness and their ability to be more autonomous. CL enhances self-esteem and self-confidence, increases high motivation, encourages learners＇ responsibility for learning, enhances self-management skills, increases support for language learners to move from interdependence to independence. The paper stresses in the end that promoting LA is the teacher＇s long-term pedagogic goal.展开更多
How to promote interaction in cooperative learning tasks is discussed from a theoretical perspective in order to maximize the benefits of cooperative learning. A classroom instructional model is presented and examined...How to promote interaction in cooperative learning tasks is discussed from a theoretical perspective in order to maximize the benefits of cooperative learning. A classroom instructional model is presented and examined to illustrate how successful and effective interaction is carried out to create the optimal conditions for second language acquisition.展开更多
This paper focuses on the distributed cooperative learning(DCL)problem for a class of discrete-time strict-feedback multi-agent systems under directed graphs.Compared with the previous DCL works based on undirected gr...This paper focuses on the distributed cooperative learning(DCL)problem for a class of discrete-time strict-feedback multi-agent systems under directed graphs.Compared with the previous DCL works based on undirected graphs,two main challenges lie in that the Laplacian matrix of directed graphs is nonsymmetric,and the derived weight error systems exist n-step delays.Two novel lemmas are developed in this paper to show the exponential convergence for two kinds of linear time-varying(LTV)systems with different phenomena including the nonsymmetric Laplacian matrix and time delays.Subsequently,an adaptive neural network(NN)control scheme is proposed by establishing a directed communication graph along with n-step delays weight updating law.Then,by using two novel lemmas on the extended exponential convergence of LTV systems,estimated NN weights of all agents are verified to exponentially converge to small neighbourhoods of their common optimal values if directed communication graphs are strongly connected and balanced.The stored NN weights are reused to structure learning controllers for the improved control performance of similar control tasks by the“mod”function and proper time series.A simulation comparison is shown to demonstrate the validity of the proposed DCL method.展开更多
Studies on Cooperative Learning （CL） have demonstrated advantages and effectiveness of employing strategies of CL on English as a Second Language （ESL）. This report presents the processes of CL implemented in two ...Studies on Cooperative Learning （CL） have demonstrated advantages and effectiveness of employing strategies of CL on English as a Second Language （ESL）. This report presents the processes of CL implemented in two English intensive reading courses at a Chinese university. The purpose is to arouse the students＇ awareness of working in groups in their English reading classroom and to enhance their reading comprehension at tertiary level. The results show that students can adapt to small group work when they realize the benefits brought to them. Although positive effectiveness of CL is prevalent at any levels in educational contexts, benefits of CL on ESL are not deeply cultivated as expected, particularly for Chinese learners of English and some problems can also be found in implementing CL. As the emphasis of curriculum of English Language Teaching （ELT） in China has been on developing students＇ competence in communication in English, it is necessary for teachers to adopt CL in classroom instructions rather than teacher-centered approaches.展开更多
A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of ...A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.展开更多
Business English-Viewing, Listening ＆ Speaking is a practical course for business English majors. Cooperative learning is the teaching mode mainly based on the group work. The author applied the cooperative learning ...Business English-Viewing, Listening ＆ Speaking is a practical course for business English majors. Cooperative learning is the teaching mode mainly based on the group work. The author applied the cooperative learning in the teaching for 10 weeks. The action research attempts to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of cooperative learning through teaching practice, questionnaire, interview, and classroom observation. The results show that cooperative learning can improve the learning behavior, and facilitate the students＇ communicating skills展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFF0901300in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62173076 and 72271048.
文摘The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because of its straightforward,single-solution evolution framework.However,a potential draw-back of IGA is the lack of utilization of historical information,which could lead to an imbalance between exploration and exploitation,especially in large-scale DPFSPs.As a consequence,this paper develops an IGA with memory and learning mechanisms(MLIGA)to efficiently solve the DPFSP targeted at the mini-malmakespan.InMLIGA,we incorporate a memory mechanism to make a more informed selection of the initial solution at each stage of the search,by extending,reconstructing,and reinforcing the information from previous solutions.In addition,we design a twolayer cooperative reinforcement learning approach to intelligently determine the key parameters of IGA and the operations of the memory mechanism.Meanwhile,to ensure that the experience generated by each perturbation operator is fully learned and to reduce the prior parameters of MLIGA,a probability curve-based acceptance criterion is proposed by combining a cube root function with custom rules.At last,a discrete adaptive learning rate is employed to enhance the stability of the memory and learningmechanisms.Complete ablation experiments are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the memory mechanism,and the results show that this mechanism is capable of improving the performance of IGA to a large extent.Furthermore,through comparative experiments involving MLIGA and five state-of-the-art algorithms on 720 benchmarks,we have discovered that MLI-GA demonstrates significant potential for solving large-scale DPFSPs.This indicates that MLIGA is well-suited for real-world distributed flow shop scheduling.
文摘The following sections of this article are the background of the experiences described in the book Creative Journals in a Bottle.Out-of-the-Box Activities That Help Teenagers Become Sensitive and Self-Confident Adults(Cuccu,2024).Being a teacher in a classroom of young people involves more than just being able to tell them about a topic they have to study,they are also educators and play an important role in their development in a critical period of their lives.The following sections deal with things to do and not to do in order to create an ideal environment characterized by empathy,motivation,and learning together.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,“Exploring the Changes and Mechanisms of Cerebral Microcirculation in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on OCTA Assessment”(Project No.:2023-YBSF-569)Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Science and Technology Development Incubation Fund,“Early Identification of Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Based on Eye Tracking Technology”(Project No.:2023YJY-72)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,“Study on the Correlation between Deep Medullary Veins and Cognitive Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease”(Project No.:2023-YBSF-033)。
文摘Objective:To explore the application effect of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom in standardized training of emergency surgery resident physicians.Methods:95 resident physicians undergoing emergency surgery standardized training in our hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group(46,group cooperative learning+flipped classroom)and a control group(49,traditional teaching).The training period was 2 months.Results:The graduation assessment scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The improvement in critical thinking ability and self-learning ability was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).The response rate of“yes”to all items of course teaching satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction scores for training teachers were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The teaching model of group cooperative learning combined with flipped classroom,through reconstructing the learning process and activating interactive participation,can significantly improve the clinical operation and theoretical foundation of emergency surgery standardized training students.It also cultivates core professional qualities such as critical thinking,self-learning,and team collaboration,providing a feasible paradigm for integrated medical education in this discipline.
文摘This paper intends to promote a college English autonomous teaching and learning approach by introducing the whole process of its implementation and feedback from the learners. The theoretical and practical framework of this approach is： with multiple autonomous learning research and practice models as its core, with process syllabus as its guidance, with task-based teaching as its essential principle, with group cooperation and reciprocal learning as its means, with extracurricular activities, online learning and self-access center as its learning environment, with formative assessment system as its guarantee and with cultivation of learners＇ comprehensive English practical skills and autonomy as its goal. Through this approach, we provide the learners with a favorable learning environment where they can learn by themselves and learn by reflection and practice so that they can learn how to learn and how to behave and how to survive.
文摘Cooperative learning has developed into a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy. Cooperative learning can not only motivate students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, but promote the interaction between the teacher and students.This paper analyzes the connotations and benefits of cooperative learning, explores reasons for existing problems in the application of cooperative learning in college English teaching and presents strategies for effective implementation of cooperative learning.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00559546)supported by the IITP(Institute of Information&Coummunications Technology Planning&Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(IITP-2025-RS-2023-00259004).
文摘The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-generation(5G)networks transformed mobile broadband and machine-type communications at massive scales,their properties of scaling,interference management,and latency remain a limitation in dense high mobility settings.To overcome these limitations,artificial intelligence(AI)and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have emerged as potential solutions to develop versatile,dynamic,and energy-efficient communication systems.The study proposes an AI-based UAV architecture that utilizes cooperative reinforcement learning(CoRL)to manage an autonomous network.The UAVs collaborate by sharing local observations and real-time state exchanges to optimize user connectivity,movement directions,allocate power,and resource distribution.Unlike conventional centralized or autonomous methods,CoRL involves joint state sharing and conflict-sensitive reward shaping,which ensures fair coverage,less interference,and enhanced adaptability in a dynamic urban environment.Simulations conducted in smart city scenarios with 10 UAVs and 50 ground users demonstrate that the proposed CoRL-based UAV system increases user coverage by up to 10%,achieves convergence 40%faster,and reduces latency and energy consumption by 30%compared with centralized and decentralized baselines.Furthermore,the distributed nature of the algorithm ensures scalability and flexibility,making it well-suited for future large-scale 6G deployments.The results highlighted that AI-enabled UAV systems enhance connectivity,support ultra-reliable low-latency communications(URLLC),and improve 6G network efficiency.Future work will extend the framework with adaptive modulation,beamforming-aware positioning,and real-world testbed deployment.
文摘In the information age,blended teaching,no matter online or offline,has become the mainstream of college teaching reform.In this teaching model,self-directed learning and cooperative learning are the two main learning approaches.On the online teaching platform,students mainly learn knowledge-based content by self-directed learning,while practising their language skills by cooperative learning in flipped classroom activities.On one hand,it advocates student-centered strategy so as to improve students autonomous learning ability;on the other hand,teachers serve as a guide to organize the classroom activities;meanwhile,they give timely feedback to students in order to promote students’learning ability.In blended teaching model,this mutually compatible and reinforcing model of self-directed learning and cooperative learning is undoubtedly helpful to improve the teaching efficiency.
文摘Cooperative learning,as a new organizational form of teaching,has been more and more widely used in English language teaching.It has broken the traditional teacher-centered teaching mode.Nowadays,it has been regarded as a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy.In order to get more insights into cooperative learning,which is not only a way of learning but also a teaching strategy,a study on the application of cooperative learning has been made from several aspects:theoretical basis,application and evaluation.
文摘This paper focus on the function of cooperative learning in developing positive affect,Including reducing anxiety,increasing motivation,facilitating the development of positive attitudes toward learning and language learning,promoting self-esteem,as well as supporting different learning styles and encouraging perseverance in the difficult and confusing process of learning a foreign language.
基金the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB720703)
文摘Cryogenic ground support equipment (CGSE) is an important part of a famous particle physics experiment - AMS-02. In this paper a design method which optimizes PID parameters of CGSE control system via the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented. Firstly, an improved version of the original PSO, cooperative random learning particle swarm optimization (CRPSO), is put forward to enhance the performance of the conventional PSO. Secondly, the way of finding PID coefficient will be studied by using this algorithm. Finally, the experimental results and practical works demonstrate that the CRPSO-PID controller achieves a good performance.
文摘Learner autonomy is a desirable goal in English teaching and learning. How to foster learner autonomy is of significance and of importance on pedagogy. The paper discusses the present problems in China, and then proposes four ways to promote learner autonomy.
文摘Learner Autonomy （LA） is the desirable goal of the education. To date, many Learner Autonomy training programs have been carried out in foreign language teaching. Cooperative Learning （CL） is a language teaching and learning strategy which gets learners actively and cooperatively involved in learning a foreign language in groups. Both of them have been respectively advocated from pedagogical point of view and from the perspective of philosophy. However, being autonomous does not necessarily mean learning alone. Language learners should learn cooperatively and autonomously. It is the author＇s contention that CL is a good method to promote LA. CL has positive effects on both students＇ readiness and their ability to be more autonomous. CL enhances self-esteem and self-confidence, increases high motivation, encourages learners＇ responsibility for learning, enhances self-management skills, increases support for language learners to move from interdependence to independence. The paper stresses in the end that promoting LA is the teacher＇s long-term pedagogic goal.
文摘How to promote interaction in cooperative learning tasks is discussed from a theoretical perspective in order to maximize the benefits of cooperative learning. A classroom instructional model is presented and examined to illustrate how successful and effective interaction is carried out to create the optimal conditions for second language acquisition.
基金supported in part by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2019B151502058)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61890922,61973129)+1 种基金in part by the Major Key Project of PCL(PCL2021A09)in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515012004)。
文摘This paper focuses on the distributed cooperative learning(DCL)problem for a class of discrete-time strict-feedback multi-agent systems under directed graphs.Compared with the previous DCL works based on undirected graphs,two main challenges lie in that the Laplacian matrix of directed graphs is nonsymmetric,and the derived weight error systems exist n-step delays.Two novel lemmas are developed in this paper to show the exponential convergence for two kinds of linear time-varying(LTV)systems with different phenomena including the nonsymmetric Laplacian matrix and time delays.Subsequently,an adaptive neural network(NN)control scheme is proposed by establishing a directed communication graph along with n-step delays weight updating law.Then,by using two novel lemmas on the extended exponential convergence of LTV systems,estimated NN weights of all agents are verified to exponentially converge to small neighbourhoods of their common optimal values if directed communication graphs are strongly connected and balanced.The stored NN weights are reused to structure learning controllers for the improved control performance of similar control tasks by the“mod”function and proper time series.A simulation comparison is shown to demonstrate the validity of the proposed DCL method.
文摘Studies on Cooperative Learning （CL） have demonstrated advantages and effectiveness of employing strategies of CL on English as a Second Language （ESL）. This report presents the processes of CL implemented in two English intensive reading courses at a Chinese university. The purpose is to arouse the students＇ awareness of working in groups in their English reading classroom and to enhance their reading comprehension at tertiary level. The results show that students can adapt to small group work when they realize the benefits brought to them. Although positive effectiveness of CL is prevalent at any levels in educational contexts, benefits of CL on ESL are not deeply cultivated as expected, particularly for Chinese learners of English and some problems can also be found in implementing CL. As the emphasis of curriculum of English Language Teaching （ELT） in China has been on developing students＇ competence in communication in English, it is necessary for teachers to adopt CL in classroom instructions rather than teacher-centered approaches.
文摘A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.
基金This research is supported by 山东省高校人文社科研究项目 （Research Project of Humanity and Social Science in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province J 15WD26） 滨州学院教学研究项目 （Teaching Research Project of Binzhou University BYJYZD201305, BYJYWZ201337）.
文摘Business English-Viewing, Listening ＆ Speaking is a practical course for business English majors. Cooperative learning is the teaching mode mainly based on the group work. The author applied the cooperative learning in the teaching for 10 weeks. The action research attempts to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of cooperative learning through teaching practice, questionnaire, interview, and classroom observation. The results show that cooperative learning can improve the learning behavior, and facilitate the students＇ communicating skills
