This research extends the literature on the environmental Phillips curve(EPC)and environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)by focusing on the 38 member economies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OEC...This research extends the literature on the environmental Phillips curve(EPC)and environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)by focusing on the 38 member economies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).Using panel data from 2000 to 2021,the study employs several econometric techniques,including fixed effects,feasible generalized least squares,two-stage least squares,and the generalized method of moments.Our primary findings reveal that unemployment has a significant negative impact on CO_(2)emissions,thereby supporting the validity of the EPC hypothesis within OECD countries.This suggests a trade-off between unemployment and reductions in CO_(2)emissions.Similarly,the results validate the EKC hypothesis,with further analysis indicating that the EKC exhibits an N-shaped curve-an important contribution to the literature on environmental dynamics in advanced economies.Additionally,the results show that both trade openness and renewable energy usage have significantly improved environmental quality in OECD economies.Finally,extensive causality testing identifies both one-way and two-way causal relationships among the key variables examined.These findings have important policy implications for the management of environmental quality and macroeconomic variables in the OECD context.展开更多
According to the different players, development cooperation is often divided into North-South Aid and South-South Cooperation, both of which have a history of several decades. Since the beginning of the 21st century, ...According to the different players, development cooperation is often divided into North-South Aid and South-South Cooperation, both of which have a history of several decades. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the rise of a number of emerging economies has brought South-South Cooperation into a new stage, which can be seen from the establishment of some new development finance institutions led by developing countries. BRICS Bank, Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank(AIIB) and Silk Road Fund are three important new development finance institutions. Compared with the traditional development finance institutions like World Bank and International Monetary Fund(IMF), they have their own concepts of development cooperation, which are different from the traditional ones. First, the new finance institutions pay more attention to the equality between partners, not imposing conditions and respecting the ownership of development partners. Second, the new development finance institutions value the market philosophy, which means that they emphasize the importance of field investigation and implement development cooperation in accordance with the actual needs of the partners and the comparative advantages of the providers. Finally, the new development finance institutions focus their resources on problem-solving and avoid doctrines-imposing. They believe that it is easier for the developing countries to achieve development through a gradual and bottom-up model. Although there are differences between the traditional and new development finance institutions, the latter is not parallel to or substitute of the former.They can cooperate with each other and provide better public goods for international cooperation through inclusive competition.展开更多
On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified ...On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified to see that it has entered into an unprecedented era of dynamic expansion and progress. The CAS’s international cooperation experienced a stage of "exchange only with eastern countries" in its inceptive years and at a time of actual stagnation in"cultural revolution". It was the Third Session of the Eleventh Congress of the Chinese Communist展开更多
Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Org...Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs.展开更多
Through ten years’ rising and fallingdevelopment, Chinese villa industry hasentered into a new stage of development. Atpresent, the two favorable conditions ofWTO entry and 2008 Olympics in Beijingare energetically s...Through ten years’ rising and fallingdevelopment, Chinese villa industry hasentered into a new stage of development. Atpresent, the two favorable conditions ofWTO entry and 2008 Olympics in Beijingare energetically spurring China’s economicdevelopment. The development enterprises,main body of real estate market, have had akeen sense of smelling the commercialopportunities. Since 2001, the items ofconstructing villas have been established orstarted again in Beijing, Shanghai,Guangzhou and other large cities. Someinstitutions predicted boldly, from 2002展开更多
From May 28th to June 1st, 2007, the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) organized a series of cooperation activities with the American Institute of Standards and Technology ... From May 28th to June 1st, 2007, the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) organized a series of cooperation activities with the American Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).……展开更多
Either in the developed countries or developing countries,the small and medium enterprises（SMEs）have been playing a significant role in promoting the technological progress,employment,export, etc.Especially in the m...Either in the developed countries or developing countries,the small and medium enterprises（SMEs）have been playing a significant role in promoting the technological progress,employment,export, etc.Especially in the modern society with efficient development of knowledge and information,which is making the production and business operation smaller and more dispersed,and with more family participation as well,SMEs are becoming a more and more important force of the social and economic development. Although the SMEs have made very important contributions to the national economic development and the increase of employment,they are thirsty of more government and social supports,especially for the overseas development.In order to meet the mission of promoting the SMEs development,the Ministry of Commerce has established Department for SMEs. In July,China＇s Foreign Trade inte viewed Zhu Shuhai,Director of Department for SMEs,Trade Development Bureau,Ministry,of Commerce.展开更多
The CAS Institute of Modern Physics is a center of pure basic research concerning nuclear physics, accelerator physics and related technology. In recent years, it succeeded in the construction of China’s first produc...The CAS Institute of Modern Physics is a center of pure basic research concerning nuclear physics, accelerator physics and related technology. In recent years, it succeeded in the construction of China’s first production line for manufacturing radiation-crosslinked (RC) wire and cable with the aid of international cooperation,achieving rewarding benefits from it.展开更多
Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues and vips, ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure, also a privilege for me to address this august body which is a high-level gathering attended by top experts of the world...Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues and vips, ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure, also a privilege for me to address this august body which is a high-level gathering attended by top experts of the world and practitioners with authority in management, operational, business matters in both air and space utilization and their legal aspects. Your presence will undoubtedly increase the brilliance of展开更多
At the Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） in July this year, China said over the next three years it will promote new China-Africa strategic partnership in five key areas.
Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi made a report entitled Opportunity and Prospects: Basic Thoughts on the Development of China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in the 1990s to Chinese and...Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi made a report entitled Opportunity and Prospects: Basic Thoughts on the Development of China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in the 1990s to Chinese and foreign participants working in this fields at an international seminar on China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation held in Beijing in mid-May.展开更多
At the invitation of Union Youth Federation of Cambodia and the International Department of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party’s Central Committee,a Chinese NGO Delegation headed by Mr.Ni Jian,Secretary-General of...At the invitation of Union Youth Federation of Cambodia and the International Department of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party’s Central Committee,a Chinese NGO Delegation headed by Mr.Ni Jian,Secretary-General of the Chinese Association for International Understanding paid visit to Cambodia and Laos from October 21 to 28.As a member of the delegation,I set my feet on展开更多
In the lush heart of Uganda’s Busoga sub-region,Isaac Imaka is charting a new course for rural development.After seven years in national media,he left the newsroom and stepped into the soil.The former reporter with t...In the lush heart of Uganda’s Busoga sub-region,Isaac Imaka is charting a new course for rural development.After seven years in national media,he left the newsroom and stepped into the soil.The former reporter with the Daily Monitor was driven by the belief that communities like his in Jinja North deserved more than chronic poverty and hand-to-mouth survival.展开更多
Traditional trade routes that penetrate the natural barrier of the Himalayas are critical for connecting major Chinese and South Asian markets.Research on these trade routes can contribute significantly to facilitatin...Traditional trade routes that penetrate the natural barrier of the Himalayas are critical for connecting major Chinese and South Asian markets.Research on these trade routes can contribute significantly to facilitating the construction of the South Asian Corridor and enhancing trans-Himalayan connectivity.Combining historical literature,field surveys,and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,this study examined the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution process of the routes,focusing on transverse valleys of the Himalayan arc.The key findings were as follows.First,there are 21 traditional trade routes traversing the Himalayan region:six Sino-Nepalese routes,four Sino-Bhutanese routes,and eleven Sino-Indian routes.Second,the evolution of traditional trade routes has entailed five distinct phases:an incipient period(pre-7th century),formation(7th century-842 AD),development(842-1959),decline(1959-1962)and recovery(1962-present).Third,the incipient and formative developmental phases were prompted by the spread of Buddhism and the exchange of goods.The stability of local governments in Tibet and Central China and favourable border trade policies along with Britain’s colonial expansion and commercial interests stimulated further development of traditional trade routes.However,India’s strategic miscalculation and“Forward Policy”instigated the decline phase,while the demands of regional cooperation and development are currently the key drivers of the restoration and construction phase.Finally,to shelve disputes,promote cooperation and development,and enhance political mutual trust,governments should recover and construct traditional trade routes by replanning and constructing border trade markets,expanding border trade,developing pilgrimage and tourism,and strengthening cross-border cooperative resear h under global climate change.展开更多
Zhejiang is a coastal province with advanced economy,solid foundation of industry and agriculture and all-comprehensive industry sectors,and with lignht industry andtextile as the mainstay Its popularized education,ad...Zhejiang is a coastal province with advanced economy,solid foundation of industry and agriculture and all-comprehensive industry sectors,and with lignht industry andtextile as the mainstay Its popularized education,advancedscience and technology and ample supply of high-quality labourforce benefit itselt involving in foreign project contracting,labour export and overseas investment.Since 1979,Zhejianghas accepted more than ten foreign projects worth US$300million and supplied labour service to 40 countries。展开更多
文摘This research extends the literature on the environmental Phillips curve(EPC)and environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)by focusing on the 38 member economies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).Using panel data from 2000 to 2021,the study employs several econometric techniques,including fixed effects,feasible generalized least squares,two-stage least squares,and the generalized method of moments.Our primary findings reveal that unemployment has a significant negative impact on CO_(2)emissions,thereby supporting the validity of the EPC hypothesis within OECD countries.This suggests a trade-off between unemployment and reductions in CO_(2)emissions.Similarly,the results validate the EKC hypothesis,with further analysis indicating that the EKC exhibits an N-shaped curve-an important contribution to the literature on environmental dynamics in advanced economies.Additionally,the results show that both trade openness and renewable energy usage have significantly improved environmental quality in OECD economies.Finally,extensive causality testing identifies both one-way and two-way causal relationships among the key variables examined.These findings have important policy implications for the management of environmental quality and macroeconomic variables in the OECD context.
文摘According to the different players, development cooperation is often divided into North-South Aid and South-South Cooperation, both of which have a history of several decades. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the rise of a number of emerging economies has brought South-South Cooperation into a new stage, which can be seen from the establishment of some new development finance institutions led by developing countries. BRICS Bank, Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank(AIIB) and Silk Road Fund are three important new development finance institutions. Compared with the traditional development finance institutions like World Bank and International Monetary Fund(IMF), they have their own concepts of development cooperation, which are different from the traditional ones. First, the new finance institutions pay more attention to the equality between partners, not imposing conditions and respecting the ownership of development partners. Second, the new development finance institutions value the market philosophy, which means that they emphasize the importance of field investigation and implement development cooperation in accordance with the actual needs of the partners and the comparative advantages of the providers. Finally, the new development finance institutions focus their resources on problem-solving and avoid doctrines-imposing. They believe that it is easier for the developing countries to achieve development through a gradual and bottom-up model. Although there are differences between the traditional and new development finance institutions, the latter is not parallel to or substitute of the former.They can cooperate with each other and provide better public goods for international cooperation through inclusive competition.
文摘On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified to see that it has entered into an unprecedented era of dynamic expansion and progress. The CAS’s international cooperation experienced a stage of "exchange only with eastern countries" in its inceptive years and at a time of actual stagnation in"cultural revolution". It was the Third Session of the Eleventh Congress of the Chinese Communist
文摘Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs.
文摘Through ten years’ rising and fallingdevelopment, Chinese villa industry hasentered into a new stage of development. Atpresent, the two favorable conditions ofWTO entry and 2008 Olympics in Beijingare energetically spurring China’s economicdevelopment. The development enterprises,main body of real estate market, have had akeen sense of smelling the commercialopportunities. Since 2001, the items ofconstructing villas have been established orstarted again in Beijing, Shanghai,Guangzhou and other large cities. Someinstitutions predicted boldly, from 2002
文摘 From May 28th to June 1st, 2007, the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) organized a series of cooperation activities with the American Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).……
文摘Either in the developed countries or developing countries,the small and medium enterprises（SMEs）have been playing a significant role in promoting the technological progress,employment,export, etc.Especially in the modern society with efficient development of knowledge and information,which is making the production and business operation smaller and more dispersed,and with more family participation as well,SMEs are becoming a more and more important force of the social and economic development. Although the SMEs have made very important contributions to the national economic development and the increase of employment,they are thirsty of more government and social supports,especially for the overseas development.In order to meet the mission of promoting the SMEs development,the Ministry of Commerce has established Department for SMEs. In July,China＇s Foreign Trade inte viewed Zhu Shuhai,Director of Department for SMEs,Trade Development Bureau,Ministry,of Commerce.
文摘The CAS Institute of Modern Physics is a center of pure basic research concerning nuclear physics, accelerator physics and related technology. In recent years, it succeeded in the construction of China’s first production line for manufacturing radiation-crosslinked (RC) wire and cable with the aid of international cooperation,achieving rewarding benefits from it.
文摘Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues and vips, ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure, also a privilege for me to address this august body which is a high-level gathering attended by top experts of the world and practitioners with authority in management, operational, business matters in both air and space utilization and their legal aspects. Your presence will undoubtedly increase the brilliance of
文摘At the Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） in July this year, China said over the next three years it will promote new China-Africa strategic partnership in five key areas.
文摘Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi made a report entitled Opportunity and Prospects: Basic Thoughts on the Development of China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in the 1990s to Chinese and foreign participants working in this fields at an international seminar on China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation held in Beijing in mid-May.
文摘At the invitation of Union Youth Federation of Cambodia and the International Department of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party’s Central Committee,a Chinese NGO Delegation headed by Mr.Ni Jian,Secretary-General of the Chinese Association for International Understanding paid visit to Cambodia and Laos from October 21 to 28.As a member of the delegation,I set my feet on
文摘In the lush heart of Uganda’s Busoga sub-region,Isaac Imaka is charting a new course for rural development.After seven years in national media,he left the newsroom and stepped into the soil.The former reporter with the Daily Monitor was driven by the belief that communities like his in Jinja North deserved more than chronic poverty and hand-to-mouth survival.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,No.2019QZKK0603Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA20040201National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41761144081。
文摘Traditional trade routes that penetrate the natural barrier of the Himalayas are critical for connecting major Chinese and South Asian markets.Research on these trade routes can contribute significantly to facilitating the construction of the South Asian Corridor and enhancing trans-Himalayan connectivity.Combining historical literature,field surveys,and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,this study examined the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution process of the routes,focusing on transverse valleys of the Himalayan arc.The key findings were as follows.First,there are 21 traditional trade routes traversing the Himalayan region:six Sino-Nepalese routes,four Sino-Bhutanese routes,and eleven Sino-Indian routes.Second,the evolution of traditional trade routes has entailed five distinct phases:an incipient period(pre-7th century),formation(7th century-842 AD),development(842-1959),decline(1959-1962)and recovery(1962-present).Third,the incipient and formative developmental phases were prompted by the spread of Buddhism and the exchange of goods.The stability of local governments in Tibet and Central China and favourable border trade policies along with Britain’s colonial expansion and commercial interests stimulated further development of traditional trade routes.However,India’s strategic miscalculation and“Forward Policy”instigated the decline phase,while the demands of regional cooperation and development are currently the key drivers of the restoration and construction phase.Finally,to shelve disputes,promote cooperation and development,and enhance political mutual trust,governments should recover and construct traditional trade routes by replanning and constructing border trade markets,expanding border trade,developing pilgrimage and tourism,and strengthening cross-border cooperative resear h under global climate change.
文摘Zhejiang is a coastal province with advanced economy,solid foundation of industry and agriculture and all-comprehensive industry sectors,and with lignht industry andtextile as the mainstay Its popularized education,advancedscience and technology and ample supply of high-quality labourforce benefit itselt involving in foreign project contracting,labour export and overseas investment.Since 1979,Zhejianghas accepted more than ten foreign projects worth US$300million and supplied labour service to 40 countries。
