Both China and Indonesia are influential maritime powers in the Asia-Pacific region.Strengthening practical maritime cooperation is highly significant to both sides as an important component of comprehensive strategic...Both China and Indonesia are influential maritime powers in the Asia-Pacific region.Strengthening practical maritime cooperation is highly significant to both sides as an important component of comprehensive strategic cooperation.Maritime cooperation has become a prominent part of the“five pillar”cooperation framework between the two countries alongside political,economic,people-to-people exchange,and security,playing a positive role in elevating the China-Indonesia comprehensive strategic partnership to a higher level.展开更多
Energy is the bedrock of national economic development and a vital pillar for achieving sustainable growth.High-quality energy cooperation is critical to ensuring sustained,stable national economic development and the...Energy is the bedrock of national economic development and a vital pillar for achieving sustainable growth.High-quality energy cooperation is critical to ensuring sustained,stable national economic development and the transformation of the energy sector.Based on the achievements of high-quality energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative,this paper systematically analyzes the current state of energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.In accordance with the intrinsic requirements for high-quality energy cooperation,and building upon the analysis and summary of prior research,this paper proposes strategies to promote high-quality energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative:(1)Innovating cooperative concepts and optimizing the cooperative environment;(2)Innovating cooperation modes and expanding the scope of cooperation;(3)Improving the cooperation mechanism and building a multi-level cooperation platform;(4)Strengthening cultural exchanges and promoting dialogue.This paper offers insights and support for fostering high-quality collaboration within the Belt and Road Initiative and enhancing international energy cooperation.展开更多
The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope ...The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope of economic and trade cooperation between China and Thailand have dramatically expanded.Both nations have strengthened their bilateral economic ties,which have increasingly strengthened their interdependence and.complementarity,presenting a broad prospect of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.展开更多
Since the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Indonesia in the 1990s,the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries has developed rapidly and continuously.Since 2013,the scale of trade b...Since the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Indonesia in the 1990s,the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries has developed rapidly and continuously.Since 2013,the scale of trade between the two countries has expanded year on year,and investment has broadened from traditional agriculture and industry to the digital economy and financial insurance,which has effectively promoted industrial development in both countries.More infrastructure cooperation has significantly improved the development environment in Indonesia,producing tangible benefits for the local people.Different types of special economic zones have facilitated breakthrough development for Indonesian industries while creating employment opportunities for local residents and driving local economic development.展开更多
On September 1st,the 18th Chi na-LAC Business Summit Promotion Conference opened in Beijing.Chinese and foreign vips gathered to prepare for the 18th China LAC Business Summit,planned for Zhengzhou,Henan,from Novemb...On September 1st,the 18th Chi na-LAC Business Summit Promotion Conference opened in Beijing.Chinese and foreign vips gathered to prepare for the 18th China LAC Business Summit,planned for Zhengzhou,Henan,from November 3rd to 4th.展开更多
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed into an important international mechanism for global governance and international cooperation.THE largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)wa...The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed into an important international mechanism for global governance and international cooperation.THE largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and heads of 10 international organizations.展开更多
Cooperative guidance is a method for achieving combat objectives through information sharing and cooperative effects,and has emerged as a significant research area in the fields of missile guidance and systematic warf...Cooperative guidance is a method for achieving combat objectives through information sharing and cooperative effects,and has emerged as a significant research area in the fields of missile guidance and systematic warfare.This study presents a systematic review and analysis of current research on cooperative guidance.First,a bibliometric analysis is conducted on 513 articles using the Scopus database and CiteSpace software to assess keyword clustering,keyword cooccurrence,and keyword burst,and to later visualize the results.Second,fundamental theories of cooperative guidance,including relative motion modeling methods,algebraic graph theory,and multi-agent consensus theory,are summarized.Subsequently,an overview of current cooperative laws and corresponding analysis methods is provided,with categorization based on the cooperative structure and convergence performance.Finally,we summarize current research developments based on five perspectives and propose a developmental framework based on five layers(cyber,physical,decision,information,and system),discussing potential future advancements in cooperative terminal guidance.This framework emphasizes five key areas of research:networked,heterogeneous,integrated,intelligent,and group cooperations,with the goal of offering trends and insights for futurework.展开更多
The largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and ...The largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and heads of 10 international organizations and sending a strong signal for global cooperation,development,and shared future in an age of global uncertainties.Hosting 10 member states.展开更多
From April 14 to 18,Chinese President Xi Jinping made state visits to Vietnam,Malaysia,and Cambodia.This tour coincided with global upheaval caused by“reciprocal tariffs”imposed by U.S.President Donald Trump,which t...From April 14 to 18,Chinese President Xi Jinping made state visits to Vietnam,Malaysia,and Cambodia.This tour coincided with global upheaval caused by“reciprocal tariffs”imposed by U.S.President Donald Trump,which turned global eyes towards China and Southeast Asian nations to see how they would strengthen cooperation and respond to the“Trump effect.”展开更多
In recent years,China and Indonesia have made notable progress in multiple areas of security cooperation,and their collaboration in this respect has continued to deepen under the leadership of both countries.In Novemb...In recent years,China and Indonesia have made notable progress in multiple areas of security cooperation,and their collaboration in this respect has continued to deepen under the leadership of both countries.In November 2024,China and Indonesia issued a joint statement during Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto’s visit to China.It was his first overseas trip after his inauguration.In the statement,the two countries agreed to add security cooperation as the fifth pillar of their partnership,marking an upgrade of bilateral ties.展开更多
Following high-level diplomacy,a recent forum has bridged China and Spanish-and Portuguese-speaking countries by injecting substance into cooperation frameworks through a new education alliance and concrete projects.
The global green transition has fostered new opportunities for the technological cooperation between China and Malaysia.Professor Chong Wen Tong,head of the Center for Energy Sciences at the University of Malaya,has g...The global green transition has fostered new opportunities for the technological cooperation between China and Malaysia.Professor Chong Wen Tong,head of the Center for Energy Sciences at the University of Malaya,has great expertise in renewable energy.展开更多
The year 2025 marks the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore,which coincides with the 10th anniversary of the implementation of the China-Singapore(Chongqing)Connec...The year 2025 marks the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore,which coincides with the 10th anniversary of the implementation of the China-Singapore(Chongqing)Connectivity Initiative(CCI),the third inter-governmental cooperation project between China and Singapore.Since its launch in November 2015,Chongqing and Singapore have focused on the four major areas of financial services,aviation,transportation and logistics,and information communication.They have jointly solidified several landmark achievements such as the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor(ILSTC),Cross-Border Investment and Financing Connectivity,and China-Singapore Dedicated Connectivity,setting a vivid example of mutual benefits and win-win cooperation between the two countries.展开更多
This paper analyzes the humorous effects generated through the non-observance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle(CP)in the Chinese crosstalk Learning Manchu.Focusing on violations of the Quantity,Quality,Relation,and M...This paper analyzes the humorous effects generated through the non-observance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle(CP)in the Chinese crosstalk Learning Manchu.Focusing on violations of the Quantity,Quality,Relation,and Manner maxims,it examines how deliberate pragmatic deviations create comedy.The study also incorporates the unique crosstalk mechanism of“Baofu”(packaging and delivering jokes)and emphasizes the essential role of audience cooperation in humor reception.It argues that humor in crosstalk arises not only from performers’non-cooperation but also from active audience engagement within a shared cultural context.展开更多
In October 2024,at the 27th ChinaASEAN Leaders'Meeting,the leaders of China and ten ASEAN nations announced the substantial conclusion of the China-ASEAN FTA 3.0 Upgrade Negotiations,and proposed that the two side...In October 2024,at the 27th ChinaASEAN Leaders'Meeting,the leaders of China and ten ASEAN nations announced the substantial conclusion of the China-ASEAN FTA 3.0 Upgrade Negotiations,and proposed that the two sides would strive to formally sign in 2025 the Protocol on Further Upgrading the China-ASEAN Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and pertinent agreements under the Agreement.展开更多
With the proposal and implementation of the“Belt and Road”initiative,economic development requires the drive of a large number of talents and real industries.Local governments along the route also encourage universi...With the proposal and implementation of the“Belt and Road”initiative,economic development requires the drive of a large number of talents and real industries.Local governments along the route also encourage universities and enterprises to carry out high-level school-enterprise cooperation to promote the effective sharing of education and economy,thus ensuring the development of the regional economy.In order to better adapt to relevant national policies,promote regional economic development,and supply high-quality and skilled talents to society,higher vocational colleges should strengthen education reform,introduce the school-enterprise cooperation mechanism,achieve the deep integration between schools and enterprises,and promote regional economic development.Based on this,this paper analyzes and studies the deep cooperation model between higher vocational colleges and enterprises under the“Belt and Road”initiative for reference.展开更多
ASEAN-Oriented Standardization Cooperation Forum held in Guangxi Themed“innovative cooperation on AI standardization:empowering the building of China-ASEAN community with a shared future”,the ASEAN-Oriented Standard...ASEAN-Oriented Standardization Cooperation Forum held in Guangxi Themed“innovative cooperation on AI standardization:empowering the building of China-ASEAN community with a shared future”,the ASEAN-Oriented Standardization Cooperation Forum was convened on August 27 in Nanning,South China’s Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a hybrid decode-and-forward and soft information relaying(HDFSIR)strategy to mitigate error propagation in coded cooperative communications.In the HDFSIR approach,the relay operates in decode-...In this paper,we propose a hybrid decode-and-forward and soft information relaying(HDFSIR)strategy to mitigate error propagation in coded cooperative communications.In the HDFSIR approach,the relay operates in decode-and-forward(DF)mode when it successfully decodes the received message;otherwise,it switches to soft information relaying(SIR)mode.The benefits of the DF and SIR forwarding strategies are combined to achieve better performance than deploying the DF or SIR strategy alone.Closed-form expressions for the outage probability and symbol error rate(SER)are derived for coded cooperative communication with HDFSIR and energy-harvesting relays.Additionally,we introduce a novel normalized log-likelihood-ratio based soft estimation symbol(NL-SES)mapping technique,which enhances soft symbol accuracy for higher-order modulation,and propose a model characterizing the relationship between the estimated complex soft symbol and the actual high-order modulated symbol.Further-more,the hybrid DF-SIR strategy is extended to a distributed Alamouti space-time-coded cooperative network.To evaluate the~performance of the proposed HDFSIR strategy,we implement extensive Monte Carlo simulations under varying channel conditions.Results demonstrate significant improvements with the hybrid technique outperforming individual DF and SIR strategies in both conventional and distributed Alamouti space-time coded cooperative networks.Moreover,at a SER of 10^(-3),the proposed NL-SES mapping demonstrated a 3.5 dB performance gain over the conventional averaging one,highlighting its superior accuracy in estimating soft symbols for quadrature phase-shift keying modulation.展开更多
As the core area of the China-Singapore(Chongqing)Connectivity Initiative(CCI),Chongqing Liangjiang New Area has continuously promoted cooperation with Singapore over the last decade in the key areas of financial serv...As the core area of the China-Singapore(Chongqing)Connectivity Initiative(CCI),Chongqing Liangjiang New Area has continuously promoted cooperation with Singapore over the last decade in the key areas of financial services,aviation,transportation and logistics,and information and communication,which has contributed to the efforts to build a leading inland opening-up and international cooperation zone in Chongqing.So far,the New Area has signed contracts on 90 cooperation projects with Singapore,accounting for 26 percent of the city’s total,which are worth more than US$11.15 billion,43 percent of the city’s total.展开更多
System upgrades in unmanned systems have made Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-based patrolling and monitoring a preferred solution for ocean surveillance.However,dynamic environments and large-scale deployments pose sign...System upgrades in unmanned systems have made Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-based patrolling and monitoring a preferred solution for ocean surveillance.However,dynamic environments and large-scale deployments pose significant challenges for efficient decision-making,necessitating a modular multiagent control system.Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)and Decision Tree(DT)have been utilized for these complex decision-making tasks,but each has its limitations:DRL is highly adaptive but lacks interpretability,while DT is inherently interpretable but has limited adaptability.To overcome these challenges,we propose the Adaptive Interpretable Decision Tree(AIDT),an evolutionary-based algorithm that is both adaptable to diverse environmental settings and highly interpretable in its decision-making processes.We first construct a Markov decision process(MDP)-based simulation environment using the Cooperative Submarine Search task as a representative scenario for training and testing the proposed method.Specifically,we use the heat map as a state variable to address the issue of multi-agent input state proliferation.Next,we introduce the curiosity-guiding intrinsic reward to encourage comprehensive exploration and enhance algorithm performance.Additionally,we incorporate decision tree size as an influence factor in the adaptation process to balance task completion with computational efficiency.To further improve the generalization capability of the decision tree,we apply a normalization method to ensure consistent processing of input states.Finally,we validate the proposed algorithm in different environmental settings,and the results demonstrate both its adaptability and interpretability.展开更多
文摘Both China and Indonesia are influential maritime powers in the Asia-Pacific region.Strengthening practical maritime cooperation is highly significant to both sides as an important component of comprehensive strategic cooperation.Maritime cooperation has become a prominent part of the“five pillar”cooperation framework between the two countries alongside political,economic,people-to-people exchange,and security,playing a positive role in elevating the China-Indonesia comprehensive strategic partnership to a higher level.
基金National Social Science Fund Western Project,“Promoting strategies and realization paths for high-quality energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative”(Grant No.24XGJ002)。
文摘Energy is the bedrock of national economic development and a vital pillar for achieving sustainable growth.High-quality energy cooperation is critical to ensuring sustained,stable national economic development and the transformation of the energy sector.Based on the achievements of high-quality energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative,this paper systematically analyzes the current state of energy cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.In accordance with the intrinsic requirements for high-quality energy cooperation,and building upon the analysis and summary of prior research,this paper proposes strategies to promote high-quality energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative:(1)Innovating cooperative concepts and optimizing the cooperative environment;(2)Innovating cooperation modes and expanding the scope of cooperation;(3)Improving the cooperation mechanism and building a multi-level cooperation platform;(4)Strengthening cultural exchanges and promoting dialogue.This paper offers insights and support for fostering high-quality collaboration within the Belt and Road Initiative and enhancing international energy cooperation.
文摘The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope of economic and trade cooperation between China and Thailand have dramatically expanded.Both nations have strengthened their bilateral economic ties,which have increasingly strengthened their interdependence and.complementarity,presenting a broad prospect of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.
文摘Since the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Indonesia in the 1990s,the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries has developed rapidly and continuously.Since 2013,the scale of trade between the two countries has expanded year on year,and investment has broadened from traditional agriculture and industry to the digital economy and financial insurance,which has effectively promoted industrial development in both countries.More infrastructure cooperation has significantly improved the development environment in Indonesia,producing tangible benefits for the local people.Different types of special economic zones have facilitated breakthrough development for Indonesian industries while creating employment opportunities for local residents and driving local economic development.
文摘On September 1st,the 18th Chi na-LAC Business Summit Promotion Conference opened in Beijing.Chinese and foreign vips gathered to prepare for the 18th China LAC Business Summit,planned for Zhengzhou,Henan,from November 3rd to 4th.
文摘The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed into an important international mechanism for global governance and international cooperation.THE largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and heads of 10 international organizations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62173274)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0405300)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Nos.2021JJ10045 and 2025JJ60072)the Open Research Subject of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game(No.ZBKF-24-01)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240989)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M754304)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2023Z005030001).
文摘Cooperative guidance is a method for achieving combat objectives through information sharing and cooperative effects,and has emerged as a significant research area in the fields of missile guidance and systematic warfare.This study presents a systematic review and analysis of current research on cooperative guidance.First,a bibliometric analysis is conducted on 513 articles using the Scopus database and CiteSpace software to assess keyword clustering,keyword cooccurrence,and keyword burst,and to later visualize the results.Second,fundamental theories of cooperative guidance,including relative motion modeling methods,algebraic graph theory,and multi-agent consensus theory,are summarized.Subsequently,an overview of current cooperative laws and corresponding analysis methods is provided,with categorization based on the cooperative structure and convergence performance.Finally,we summarize current research developments based on five perspectives and propose a developmental framework based on five layers(cyber,physical,decision,information,and system),discussing potential future advancements in cooperative terminal guidance.This framework emphasizes five key areas of research:networked,heterogeneous,integrated,intelligent,and group cooperations,with the goal of offering trends and insights for futurework.
文摘The largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and heads of 10 international organizations and sending a strong signal for global cooperation,development,and shared future in an age of global uncertainties.Hosting 10 member states.
文摘From April 14 to 18,Chinese President Xi Jinping made state visits to Vietnam,Malaysia,and Cambodia.This tour coincided with global upheaval caused by“reciprocal tariffs”imposed by U.S.President Donald Trump,which turned global eyes towards China and Southeast Asian nations to see how they would strengthen cooperation and respond to the“Trump effect.”
文摘In recent years,China and Indonesia have made notable progress in multiple areas of security cooperation,and their collaboration in this respect has continued to deepen under the leadership of both countries.In November 2024,China and Indonesia issued a joint statement during Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto’s visit to China.It was his first overseas trip after his inauguration.In the statement,the two countries agreed to add security cooperation as the fifth pillar of their partnership,marking an upgrade of bilateral ties.
文摘Following high-level diplomacy,a recent forum has bridged China and Spanish-and Portuguese-speaking countries by injecting substance into cooperation frameworks through a new education alliance and concrete projects.
文摘The global green transition has fostered new opportunities for the technological cooperation between China and Malaysia.Professor Chong Wen Tong,head of the Center for Energy Sciences at the University of Malaya,has great expertise in renewable energy.
文摘The year 2025 marks the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore,which coincides with the 10th anniversary of the implementation of the China-Singapore(Chongqing)Connectivity Initiative(CCI),the third inter-governmental cooperation project between China and Singapore.Since its launch in November 2015,Chongqing and Singapore have focused on the four major areas of financial services,aviation,transportation and logistics,and information communication.They have jointly solidified several landmark achievements such as the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor(ILSTC),Cross-Border Investment and Financing Connectivity,and China-Singapore Dedicated Connectivity,setting a vivid example of mutual benefits and win-win cooperation between the two countries.
文摘This paper analyzes the humorous effects generated through the non-observance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle(CP)in the Chinese crosstalk Learning Manchu.Focusing on violations of the Quantity,Quality,Relation,and Manner maxims,it examines how deliberate pragmatic deviations create comedy.The study also incorporates the unique crosstalk mechanism of“Baofu”(packaging and delivering jokes)and emphasizes the essential role of audience cooperation in humor reception.It argues that humor in crosstalk arises not only from performers’non-cooperation but also from active audience engagement within a shared cultural context.
文摘In October 2024,at the 27th ChinaASEAN Leaders'Meeting,the leaders of China and ten ASEAN nations announced the substantial conclusion of the China-ASEAN FTA 3.0 Upgrade Negotiations,and proposed that the two sides would strive to formally sign in 2025 the Protocol on Further Upgrading the China-ASEAN Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and pertinent agreements under the Agreement.
基金Research on the Entry Point of School-Enterprise Co-construction of Intelligent Manufacturing Majors to Serve the Construction of the Core Area of the“Belt and Road”(Project No.:BJKY-2024-354)。
文摘With the proposal and implementation of the“Belt and Road”initiative,economic development requires the drive of a large number of talents and real industries.Local governments along the route also encourage universities and enterprises to carry out high-level school-enterprise cooperation to promote the effective sharing of education and economy,thus ensuring the development of the regional economy.In order to better adapt to relevant national policies,promote regional economic development,and supply high-quality and skilled talents to society,higher vocational colleges should strengthen education reform,introduce the school-enterprise cooperation mechanism,achieve the deep integration between schools and enterprises,and promote regional economic development.Based on this,this paper analyzes and studies the deep cooperation model between higher vocational colleges and enterprises under the“Belt and Road”initiative for reference.
文摘ASEAN-Oriented Standardization Cooperation Forum held in Guangxi Themed“innovative cooperation on AI standardization:empowering the building of China-ASEAN community with a shared future”,the ASEAN-Oriented Standardization Cooperation Forum was convened on August 27 in Nanning,South China’s Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.
基金funded by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Jouf University under grant No.(DGSSR-2024-02-02160).
文摘In this paper,we propose a hybrid decode-and-forward and soft information relaying(HDFSIR)strategy to mitigate error propagation in coded cooperative communications.In the HDFSIR approach,the relay operates in decode-and-forward(DF)mode when it successfully decodes the received message;otherwise,it switches to soft information relaying(SIR)mode.The benefits of the DF and SIR forwarding strategies are combined to achieve better performance than deploying the DF or SIR strategy alone.Closed-form expressions for the outage probability and symbol error rate(SER)are derived for coded cooperative communication with HDFSIR and energy-harvesting relays.Additionally,we introduce a novel normalized log-likelihood-ratio based soft estimation symbol(NL-SES)mapping technique,which enhances soft symbol accuracy for higher-order modulation,and propose a model characterizing the relationship between the estimated complex soft symbol and the actual high-order modulated symbol.Further-more,the hybrid DF-SIR strategy is extended to a distributed Alamouti space-time-coded cooperative network.To evaluate the~performance of the proposed HDFSIR strategy,we implement extensive Monte Carlo simulations under varying channel conditions.Results demonstrate significant improvements with the hybrid technique outperforming individual DF and SIR strategies in both conventional and distributed Alamouti space-time coded cooperative networks.Moreover,at a SER of 10^(-3),the proposed NL-SES mapping demonstrated a 3.5 dB performance gain over the conventional averaging one,highlighting its superior accuracy in estimating soft symbols for quadrature phase-shift keying modulation.
文摘As the core area of the China-Singapore(Chongqing)Connectivity Initiative(CCI),Chongqing Liangjiang New Area has continuously promoted cooperation with Singapore over the last decade in the key areas of financial services,aviation,transportation and logistics,and information and communication,which has contributed to the efforts to build a leading inland opening-up and international cooperation zone in Chongqing.So far,the New Area has signed contracts on 90 cooperation projects with Singapore,accounting for 26 percent of the city’s total,which are worth more than US$11.15 billion,43 percent of the city’s total.
文摘System upgrades in unmanned systems have made Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-based patrolling and monitoring a preferred solution for ocean surveillance.However,dynamic environments and large-scale deployments pose significant challenges for efficient decision-making,necessitating a modular multiagent control system.Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)and Decision Tree(DT)have been utilized for these complex decision-making tasks,but each has its limitations:DRL is highly adaptive but lacks interpretability,while DT is inherently interpretable but has limited adaptability.To overcome these challenges,we propose the Adaptive Interpretable Decision Tree(AIDT),an evolutionary-based algorithm that is both adaptable to diverse environmental settings and highly interpretable in its decision-making processes.We first construct a Markov decision process(MDP)-based simulation environment using the Cooperative Submarine Search task as a representative scenario for training and testing the proposed method.Specifically,we use the heat map as a state variable to address the issue of multi-agent input state proliferation.Next,we introduce the curiosity-guiding intrinsic reward to encourage comprehensive exploration and enhance algorithm performance.Additionally,we incorporate decision tree size as an influence factor in the adaptation process to balance task completion with computational efficiency.To further improve the generalization capability of the decision tree,we apply a normalization method to ensure consistent processing of input states.Finally,we validate the proposed algorithm in different environmental settings,and the results demonstrate both its adaptability and interpretability.
