Cross-band camouflage technology is a critical necessity,enabling personnel and equipment to evade detection across evolving surveillance systems,thereby enhancing survivability and mission success.Herein,this work de...Cross-band camouflage technology is a critical necessity,enabling personnel and equipment to evade detection across evolving surveillance systems,thereby enhancing survivability and mission success.Herein,this work develops a layer-structured composite system based on carbon nanotube(CNT)film comprising ionic liquid(IL)interlayer for infrared(IR)modulation and surface-engineered Cu_(2)O nanoparticles for visible camouflage.The CNT/IL/CNT architecture enables reversible IR emissivity switching(Δε≈0.55)through electrically driven ion intercalation/deintercalation within 2 s,while spray-coated Cu_(2)O nanoparticles(100~400 nm diameter)on the top CNT film layer generate rich structure colors with 90%IR transmittance.This spectral-decoupling design overcomes the traditional trade-off between color visibility and IR transmittance observed in pigment-based systems.Remarkably,due to physical interface coupling,the Cu_(2)O-coated layer-structured system maintains exceptional electrical conductivity,enabling simultaneous electromagnetic interference shielding and electrothermal energy conversion.The integrated system demonstrates long-term operational stability.By unifying visible-IR camouflage,electromagnetic protection,and energy management in a lightweight platform,this work provides an important paradigm for cross-band camouflage technologies.展开更多
Most of the questions from users lack the context needed to thoroughly understand the problemat hand,thus making the questions impossible to answer.Semantic Similarity Estimation is based on relating user’s questions...Most of the questions from users lack the context needed to thoroughly understand the problemat hand,thus making the questions impossible to answer.Semantic Similarity Estimation is based on relating user’s questions to the context from previous Conversational Search Systems(CSS)to provide answers without requesting the user’s context.It imposes constraints on the time needed to produce an answer for the user.The proposed model enables the use of contextual data associated with previous Conversational Searches(CS).While receiving a question in a new conversational search,the model determines the question that refers tomore pastCS.Themodel then infers past contextual data related to the given question and predicts an answer based on the context inferred without engaging in multi-turn interactions or requesting additional data from the user for context.This model shows the ability to use the limited information in user queries for best context inferences based on Closed-Domain-based CS and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for textual representations.展开更多
Although generative conversational artificial intelligence(AI)can answer questions well and hold conversations as a person,the semantic ambiguity inherent in text-based communication poses challenges to effective use....Although generative conversational artificial intelligence(AI)can answer questions well and hold conversations as a person,the semantic ambiguity inherent in text-based communication poses challenges to effective use.Effective use reflects the users’utilization of generative conversational AI to achieve their goals,which has not been previously studied.Drawing on the media naturalness theory,we examined how generative conversational AI’s content and style naturalness affect effective use.A two-wave survey was conducted to collect data from 565 users of generative conversational AI.Two techniques were used in this study.Initially,partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)was applied to determine the variables that significantly affected the mechanisms(i.e.,cognitive effort and communication ambiguity)and effective use.Secondly,an artificial neural network model was used to evaluate the relative importance of the significant predictors of mechanisms and effective use identified from the PLS-SEM analysis.The results revealed that the naturalness of content and style differed in their effects on cognitive effort and communication ambiguity.Additionally,cognitive effort and communication ambiguity negatively affected effective use.This study advances the literature on effective use by uncovering the psychological mechanisms underlying effective use and their antecedents.In addition,this study offers insights into the design of generative conversational AI.展开更多
In the context of globalization and digitalization,English has emerged as the primary language for international communication,making fluent conversational English skills essential for personal and professional growth...In the context of globalization and digitalization,English has emerged as the primary language for international communication,making fluent conversational English skills essential for personal and professional growth.The advent of We-Media,encompassing various online platforms,such as social media,blogs,and video content,has revolutionized the way English learners acquire and practice conversational skills.This paper explores the effective utilization of We-Media to enhance English conversational abilities,proposing practical strategies for both learners and educators.By integrating theories,such as second language acquisition,communicative language teaching,and media richness theory,the study highlights the strengths and challenges of We-Media in English learning.Through case studies and empirical analysis,the paper demonstrates the positive impact of We-Media on learners’speaking skills,emphasizing the importance of self-management,goal-setting,and consistent practice.The findings suggest that We-Media offers a flexible and diverse learning environment,but its effectiveness depends on learners’ability to self-regulate and employ effective learning strategies.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and practical suggestions for educators and learners to maximize the benefits of We-Media in English education.展开更多
Nowadays, we are witnessing an era marked by the autonomy of wireless devices and sensor networks without the aid of batteries. RF energy harvesting therefore becomes a promising alternative for battery dependence. Th...Nowadays, we are witnessing an era marked by the autonomy of wireless devices and sensor networks without the aid of batteries. RF energy harvesting therefore becomes a promising alternative for battery dependence. This work presents the design of an RF energy harvesting system consisting mainly of a rectenna (antenna and rectification circuit) and an adaptation circuit. First of all, we designed two dipole type antennas. One operates in the GSM 900 MHz band and the other in the GSM 1800 MHz band. The performances of the proposed antennas are provided by the ANSYS HFSS software. Secondly, we proposed two rectification circuits in order to obtain conversion efficiencies at 0 dBm of 64% for the system operating at the frequency of 900 MHz and 37% for the system at the frequency of 1800 MHz RF-DC. The rectifiers used are based on Schottky diodes. For maximum transfer of power between the antenna and the rectification circuit, L-type matching circuits have been proposed. This rectifier offers DC voltage values of 806 mV for the circuit at the frequency of 900 MHz and 616 mV for the circuit at the frequency of 1800 MHz. The adaptation circuits are obtained by carrying out simulations on the ADS (Advanced Design System) software.展开更多
The aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol using non-noble metal catalysts is constrained by the low activity of catalysts,necessitating high temperatures and high hydrogen pressures,and posing ch...The aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol using non-noble metal catalysts is constrained by the low activity of catalysts,necessitating high temperatures and high hydrogen pressures,and posing challenges in controlling furfuryl alcohol selectivity.Herein,a Co nanoparticle catalyst supported on nitrogendoped carbon derived from MOFs is reported,which adopts a synergistic strategy to enhance catalytic perfor-mance.The nitrogen doping simultaneously promotes hydrogen spillover on the catalyst surface and reduces surface acidity,thereby suppressing acid-catalyzed side reactions.This dual function enables the selective hy-drogenation of-C=O groups to-CH_(2)OH groups in water under mild conditions.Furfural reached 98%con-version with 95%selectivity of furfuryl alcohol at 135℃ and under hydrogen pressure close to atmospheric(0.4 MPa)in 2 h.This study allows a low energy-consuming method for producing furfuryl alcohol from hemicellulose-derived furfural,and provides a promising strategy for the conversion of renewable biomassderived compounds into high value-added chemicals.展开更多
BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder(FND)in children is a complex and multifaceted condition characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by organic pathology.Despite its prevalence,FND in pe...BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder(FND)in children is a complex and multifaceted condition characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by organic pathology.Despite its prevalence,FND in pediatric populations remains under-researched,with challenges in diagnosis and management AIM To synthesize the current literature on FND in children,focusing on clinical presentation,diagnostic approaches,treatment strategies,and outcomes.METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases,including PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,for articles published up to August 2024.Studies were included if they addressed FND in pediatric populations,specifically focusing on review articles,research articles,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,case reports,guidelines,expert opinions,and editorials.Data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to PRISMA guidelines.A total of 308 articles were included in the final analysis.RESULTS The analysis included 189 review articles,57 research articles,3 systematic reviews and meta-analyses,5 case reports,2 guidelines,5 expert opinions,and 2 editorials.Key findings revealed a broad spectrum of symptoms,including motor and sensory disturbances and psychological factors contributing to the onset and persistence of FND.Diagnostic challenges were frequently highlighted,emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches.Treatment strategies varied,with cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)and multidisciplinary care emerging as the most effective approaches.The outcomes varied,with early intervention being critical for a better prognosis.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care,including CBT,are critical for improving outcomes in pediatric FND.Standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols are needed to enhance clinical management.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production via electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds a great promise for sustainable energy storage.However,the issues such as high energy consumption and diffic...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production via electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds a great promise for sustainable energy storage.However,the issues such as high energy consumption and difficult extraction of thermodynamically unstable H_(2)O_(2) still need to be resolved.Herein,we reported a unified system for energy-out production and downstream conversion of H_(2)O_(2).By replacing the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction with a hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR),the cell of twoelectron ORR coupled with HzOR achieves the co-generation of electricity energy and valuable H_(2)O_(2).By employing Ru single atoms anchored on cobalt hydroxide(for HzOR)and NiSe_(2)(for ORR)as electrocatalysts,both exhibiting onset potentials near the theoretical values for their respective reactions,the ORR‖HzOR cell exhibits an energy output of 3.58 mW cm^(-2) and generates 0.66 kWh of electricity per kg of H_(2)O_(2).with a production rate of 583 mmol h^(-1) H_(2)O_(2).The produced H_(2)O_(2) was subsequently in-situ upgraded via three downstream conversion pathways to yield value-added products of sodium percarbonate,sodium peroxyborate,and ethylene glycol.A techno-economic analysis confirmed the economic viability of this ORR‖HzOR coupled with downstream conversion system.展开更多
Driven by rapid advancements in smart wearable technologies and perovskite photovoltaics,flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)have emerged as highly promising autonomous power sources,poised to transform the next gen...Driven by rapid advancements in smart wearable technologies and perovskite photovoltaics,flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)have emerged as highly promising autonomous power sources,poised to transform the next generation of mobile energy systems,portable electronics,and integrated wearable devices.For successful deployment in real-world scenarios,FPSCs must exhibit a combination of key attributes,including high power conversion efficiency,lightweight architecture,environmental robustness,and mechanical adaptability-encompassing flexibility,stretchability,and twistability.This review provides a detailed examination of the evolution,current state,and practical deployment of FPSCs,emphasizing their potential as efficient,portable energy solutions.It investigates advanced strategies for improving environmental resilience and mechanical recoverability,including the engineering of flexible substrates,deposition of high-quality perovskite films,and optimization of charge-selective interfaces.Additionally,it offers a systematic analysis of device design,fabrication protocols,scalable printing techniques,and standardized performance evaluation methods tailored for wearable FPSCs.Recent progress in enhancing the optoelectronic properties and mechanical durability of FPSCs is also critically reviewed.Ultimately,this work delivers a comprehensive perspective on FPSCs from both optoelectronic and mechanical viewpoints,identifies key challenges,and outlines future research pathways toward the seamless integration of FPSCs into multifunctional,next-generation wearable systems.展开更多
Photocatalysis is an important technology for using solar energy to produce hydrogen,convert CO_(2) to synthetic fuels,and decrease persistent pollutant.However,conventional photocatalysts have limitations,including p...Photocatalysis is an important technology for using solar energy to produce hydrogen,convert CO_(2) to synthetic fuels,and decrease persistent pollutant.However,conventional photocatalysts have limitations,including poor spectral absorption,inefficient charge separation,and structural instability under operational stress,which demand innovative durable materials with tailored electronic properties.Nanodiamond(ND)has recently been recognized as a suitable material because of its exceptional chemical stability,superior charge carrier mobility,and possible surface functionalization.While its intrinsic wide bandgap limits its response to visible-light,different methods have been demonstrated to activate its catalytic potential.Here,several emerging strategies for improving the catalytic performance of ND-based photocatalytic systems are summarized,including surface functionalization,plasmonic hybridization,heteroatom doping,and heterostructure design.And the structure-activity relationship and design principle are proposed to improve the light harvesting,charge transport,and redox kinetics for constructing high efficiency ND-based photocatalysts used in the renewable energy and environmental industries.展开更多
In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar perce...In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.展开更多
CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organ...CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.展开更多
Aerogels are ultra-lightweight,porous materials defined by a complex network of interconnected pores and nanostructures,which effectively suppress heat transfer,making them exceptional for thermal insulation.Furthermo...Aerogels are ultra-lightweight,porous materials defined by a complex network of interconnected pores and nanostructures,which effectively suppress heat transfer,making them exceptional for thermal insulation.Furthermore,their porous architecture can trap and scatter light via multiple internal reflections,extending the optical path within the material.When combined with suitable light-absorbing materials,this feature significantly enhances light absorption(darkness).To validate this concept,mesoporous silica aerogel particles were incorporated into a resorcinol-formaldehyde(RF)sol,and the silica-to-RF ratio was optimized to achieve uniform carbon compound coatings on the silica pore walls.Notably,increasing silica loading raised the sol viscosity,enabling formulations ideal for direct ink writing processes with excellent shape fidelity for super-black topographical designs.The printed silica-RF green bodies exhibited remarkable mechanical strength and ultra-low thermal conductivity(15.8 m W m^(-1) K^(-1))prior to pyrolysis.Following pyrolysis,the composites maintained structural integrity and printed microcellular geometries while achieving super-black coloration(abs.99.56%in the 280-2500 nm range)and high photothermal conversion efficiency(94.2%).Additionally,these silica-carbon aerogel microcellulars demonstrated stable electrical conductivity and low electrochemical impedance.The synergistic combination of 3D printability and super-black photothermal features makes these composites highly versatile for multifunctional applications,including on-demand thermal management,and efficient solar-driven water production.展开更多
Wood,once regarded primarily as a structural material,possesses rich physicochemical complexity that has long been underexplored.In the context of industrialization and carbon imbalance,it is now emerging as a renewab...Wood,once regarded primarily as a structural material,possesses rich physicochemical complexity that has long been underexplored.In the context of industrialization and carbon imbalance,it is now emerging as a renewable and multifunctional platform for green nanotechnologies.Recent advances in wood nanotechnology have enabled the transformation of natural wood into programmable substrates with tailored nanoarchitectures,establishing it as a representative class of bio-based nanomaterials.This review systematically categorizes wood-specific nanoengineering strategies—including thermal carbonization,laser-induced graphenization,targeted delignification,nanomaterial integration,and mechanical processing—highlighting their mechanisms and impacts on wood's multiscale structural and functional properties.Importantly,these functionalization strategies can be flexibly combined in a modular,“Lego-like”manner,enabling wood to be reconfigured and optimized for diverse application scenarios.We summarize recent progress in applying functionalized wood to sustainable technologies such as energy storage(e.g.,metal-ion batteries,Zn-air systems,supercapacitors),water treatment(e.g.,adsorption,photothermal filtration,catalytic degradation),and energy conversion(e.g.,solar evaporation,ionic thermoelectrics,hydrovoltaics,and triboelectric nanogenerators).These studies reveal how nanoengineered wood structures can enable efficient charge transport,selective adsorption,and enhanced light-to-heat conversion.Finally,the review discusses current challenges—such as scalable fabrication,material integration,and long-term environmental stability—and outlines future directions for the development of wood-based platforms in next-generation green energy and environmental systems.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-iodine batteries(ZIBs)face the formidable challenges towards practical implementation,including metal corrosion and rampant dendrite growth on the Zn anode side,and shuttle effect of polyiodide species from...Aqueous Zn-iodine batteries(ZIBs)face the formidable challenges towards practical implementation,including metal corrosion and rampant dendrite growth on the Zn anode side,and shuttle effect of polyiodide species from the cathode side.These challenges lead to poor cycle stability and severe self-discharge.From the fabrication and cost point of view,it is technologically more viable to deploy electrolyte engineering than electrode protection strategies.More importantly,a synchronous method for modulation of both cathode and anode is pivotal,which has been often neglected in prior studies.In this work,cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(Pah^(+))is adopted as a low-cost dual-function electrolyte additive for ZIBs.We elaborate the synchronous effect by Pah^(+)in stabilizing Zn anode and immobilizing polyiodide anions.The fabricated Zn-iodine coin cell with Pah^(+)(ZnI_(2) loading:25 mg cm^(−2))stably cycles 1000 times at 1 C,and a single-layered 3.4 cm^(2) pouch cell(N/P ratio~1.5)with the same mass loading cycles over 300 times with insignificant capacity decay.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks...Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks such as inferior stability,severe charge-carrier recombination,and limited active sites.Heterojunctions have recently been widely constructed to improve light absorption,passivate surface for enhanced stability,and promote charge-carrier dynamics of MHPs.However,little attention has been paid to the review of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions.Here,recent advances of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are highlighted.The structure,synthesis,and photophysical properties of MHPs-based heterojunctions are first introduced,including basic principles,categories(such as Schottky junction,type-I,type-II,Z-scheme,and S-scheme junction),and synthesis strategies.MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are then reviewed in four categories:H2evolution,CO_(2)reduction,pollutant degradation,and organic synthesis.The challenges and prospects in solar-light-driven redox reactions with MHPs-based heterojunctions in the future are finally discussed.展开更多
Converting waste plastics directly into valuable aromatic chemicals is a promising,cost-effective recycling strategy.Traditional zeolite-catalyzed cracking of polyolefins to produce aromatics often needs high temperat...Converting waste plastics directly into valuable aromatic chemicals is a promising,cost-effective recycling strategy.Traditional zeolite-catalyzed cracking of polyolefins to produce aromatics often needs high temperatures and faces issues like low selectivity for liquid aromatics,separation difficulties,and rapid catalyst deactivation due to coking.To address this,a multifunctional Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was developed to efficiently upgrade various polyolefins—including polyvinyl chloride—into gaseous alkanes(C_(1)–C_(5))and easily separable liquid aromatics(C_(6)–C_(12))at 400°C,without added solvents or hydrogen.Aromatic products make up 57.1 wt%of total output,with more than 97.8%selectivity for the liquid phase and a BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)selectivity of 76.1%.The high activity and selectivity for aromatics stem from synergistic interactions between Ni nanoparticles(NPs)and acid sites in the zeolite,which promote selective C–C bond breaking and control hydrogenolysis and aromatization pathways.This synergy allows precise control over the distribution of products by carbon number and favors the formation of separable aromatics.Notably,the catalyst also prevents coking by hydrogenolyzing and hydrogenating reactive intermediates before they form stable graphite-like deposits.Consequently,Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst demonstrates excellent stability,maintaining consistent aromatics yield over 13 consecutive cycles and processing over 30 times its weight in plastics without regeneration.After regeneration,the activity of the catalyst was fully restored,highlighting its potential for industrial use.This work offers valuable insights for designing durable,high-activity catalysts,providing a practical route to improve plastic recycling technologies.展开更多
Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or ...Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or attitude instability,seriously compromising mission reliability.To address this engineering challenge,this paper proposes a multi-point low-impact locking/release mechanism based on the mobility model and energy conversion strategy.Through establishing a DOF constraint framework system,this paper systematically analyzes the energy transfer and conversion characteristics during the wing separation process,reveals the generation mechanism of impact loads,and conducts research on low-impact design based on energy conversion strategy.Building on this foundation,a single-point locking/release mechanism employing parallel trapezoidal key shaft structure was designed,which increases frictional contact time and reduces the energy release rate,thereby achieving low-impact characteristics.The mechanism's performance was validated through physical prototype development and systematic functional testing(including unlocking force,synchronization,and impact tests).Experimental results demonstrate:(1)Under 14 kN preload condition,the maximum unlocking force was only 92.54 N,showing a linear relationship with preload that satisfies the"strong-connection/weak-unlock"design requirement;(2)Wing separation was completed within 46 ms,with synchronization time difference among three separation mechanisms stably controlled within 12-14 ms,proving rapid and reliable operation;(3)The unlocking impact acceleration ranged between 26 and 73 g,below the 100 g design limit,confirming the effectiveness of the energy conversion strategy.The proposed low-impact locking/release mechanism design method based on energy conversion strategy resolves the traditional challenges of high impact and synchronization deficiencies.The synergistic optimization mechanism of"structural load reduction and performance improvement"provides a highly reliable technical solution for wing separable mechanisms while offering novel design insights for wing connection/separation systems engineering.展开更多
Implicature is a universal feature of human communication.In conversations,it is common to see examples of something unsaid but communicated.After introducing the theory of conversational impilcature and its four maxi...Implicature is a universal feature of human communication.In conversations,it is common to see examples of something unsaid but communicated.After introducing the theory of conversational impilcature and its four maxims,this paper presents English and Chinese examples to compare their conversational implicature,and finds conversational implicature exists in both Chinese and English conversation.展开更多
基金Financial support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.:52373244)the Foundation of National Science and Technology Key Laboratory(No.:KZ571801)。
文摘Cross-band camouflage technology is a critical necessity,enabling personnel and equipment to evade detection across evolving surveillance systems,thereby enhancing survivability and mission success.Herein,this work develops a layer-structured composite system based on carbon nanotube(CNT)film comprising ionic liquid(IL)interlayer for infrared(IR)modulation and surface-engineered Cu_(2)O nanoparticles for visible camouflage.The CNT/IL/CNT architecture enables reversible IR emissivity switching(Δε≈0.55)through electrically driven ion intercalation/deintercalation within 2 s,while spray-coated Cu_(2)O nanoparticles(100~400 nm diameter)on the top CNT film layer generate rich structure colors with 90%IR transmittance.This spectral-decoupling design overcomes the traditional trade-off between color visibility and IR transmittance observed in pigment-based systems.Remarkably,due to physical interface coupling,the Cu_(2)O-coated layer-structured system maintains exceptional electrical conductivity,enabling simultaneous electromagnetic interference shielding and electrothermal energy conversion.The integrated system demonstrates long-term operational stability.By unifying visible-IR camouflage,electromagnetic protection,and energy management in a lightweight platform,this work provides an important paradigm for cross-band camouflage technologies.
文摘Most of the questions from users lack the context needed to thoroughly understand the problemat hand,thus making the questions impossible to answer.Semantic Similarity Estimation is based on relating user’s questions to the context from previous Conversational Search Systems(CSS)to provide answers without requesting the user’s context.It imposes constraints on the time needed to produce an answer for the user.The proposed model enables the use of contextual data associated with previous Conversational Searches(CS).While receiving a question in a new conversational search,the model determines the question that refers tomore pastCS.Themodel then infers past contextual data related to the given question and predicts an answer based on the context inferred without engaging in multi-turn interactions or requesting additional data from the user for context.This model shows the ability to use the limited information in user queries for best context inferences based on Closed-Domain-based CS and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for textual representations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.72171095)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22VRC153)the Wuhan Textile University Fund(Grant Nos.2024289 and 2024380)。
文摘Although generative conversational artificial intelligence(AI)can answer questions well and hold conversations as a person,the semantic ambiguity inherent in text-based communication poses challenges to effective use.Effective use reflects the users’utilization of generative conversational AI to achieve their goals,which has not been previously studied.Drawing on the media naturalness theory,we examined how generative conversational AI’s content and style naturalness affect effective use.A two-wave survey was conducted to collect data from 565 users of generative conversational AI.Two techniques were used in this study.Initially,partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)was applied to determine the variables that significantly affected the mechanisms(i.e.,cognitive effort and communication ambiguity)and effective use.Secondly,an artificial neural network model was used to evaluate the relative importance of the significant predictors of mechanisms and effective use identified from the PLS-SEM analysis.The results revealed that the naturalness of content and style differed in their effects on cognitive effort and communication ambiguity.Additionally,cognitive effort and communication ambiguity negatively affected effective use.This study advances the literature on effective use by uncovering the psychological mechanisms underlying effective use and their antecedents.In addition,this study offers insights into the design of generative conversational AI.
文摘In the context of globalization and digitalization,English has emerged as the primary language for international communication,making fluent conversational English skills essential for personal and professional growth.The advent of We-Media,encompassing various online platforms,such as social media,blogs,and video content,has revolutionized the way English learners acquire and practice conversational skills.This paper explores the effective utilization of We-Media to enhance English conversational abilities,proposing practical strategies for both learners and educators.By integrating theories,such as second language acquisition,communicative language teaching,and media richness theory,the study highlights the strengths and challenges of We-Media in English learning.Through case studies and empirical analysis,the paper demonstrates the positive impact of We-Media on learners’speaking skills,emphasizing the importance of self-management,goal-setting,and consistent practice.The findings suggest that We-Media offers a flexible and diverse learning environment,but its effectiveness depends on learners’ability to self-regulate and employ effective learning strategies.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and practical suggestions for educators and learners to maximize the benefits of We-Media in English education.
文摘Nowadays, we are witnessing an era marked by the autonomy of wireless devices and sensor networks without the aid of batteries. RF energy harvesting therefore becomes a promising alternative for battery dependence. This work presents the design of an RF energy harvesting system consisting mainly of a rectenna (antenna and rectification circuit) and an adaptation circuit. First of all, we designed two dipole type antennas. One operates in the GSM 900 MHz band and the other in the GSM 1800 MHz band. The performances of the proposed antennas are provided by the ANSYS HFSS software. Secondly, we proposed two rectification circuits in order to obtain conversion efficiencies at 0 dBm of 64% for the system operating at the frequency of 900 MHz and 37% for the system at the frequency of 1800 MHz RF-DC. The rectifiers used are based on Schottky diodes. For maximum transfer of power between the antenna and the rectification circuit, L-type matching circuits have been proposed. This rectifier offers DC voltage values of 806 mV for the circuit at the frequency of 900 MHz and 616 mV for the circuit at the frequency of 1800 MHz. The adaptation circuits are obtained by carrying out simulations on the ADS (Advanced Design System) software.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379131,22278049,22278049,and U24A20559)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733216)+1 种基金Henan Science and Technology Department(242300421355)the Dalian High-Level Talent Innovation Program(2024RJ017).
文摘The aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol using non-noble metal catalysts is constrained by the low activity of catalysts,necessitating high temperatures and high hydrogen pressures,and posing challenges in controlling furfuryl alcohol selectivity.Herein,a Co nanoparticle catalyst supported on nitrogendoped carbon derived from MOFs is reported,which adopts a synergistic strategy to enhance catalytic perfor-mance.The nitrogen doping simultaneously promotes hydrogen spillover on the catalyst surface and reduces surface acidity,thereby suppressing acid-catalyzed side reactions.This dual function enables the selective hy-drogenation of-C=O groups to-CH_(2)OH groups in water under mild conditions.Furfural reached 98%con-version with 95%selectivity of furfuryl alcohol at 135℃ and under hydrogen pressure close to atmospheric(0.4 MPa)in 2 h.This study allows a low energy-consuming method for producing furfuryl alcohol from hemicellulose-derived furfural,and provides a promising strategy for the conversion of renewable biomassderived compounds into high value-added chemicals.
文摘BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder(FND)in children is a complex and multifaceted condition characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by organic pathology.Despite its prevalence,FND in pediatric populations remains under-researched,with challenges in diagnosis and management AIM To synthesize the current literature on FND in children,focusing on clinical presentation,diagnostic approaches,treatment strategies,and outcomes.METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases,including PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,for articles published up to August 2024.Studies were included if they addressed FND in pediatric populations,specifically focusing on review articles,research articles,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,case reports,guidelines,expert opinions,and editorials.Data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to PRISMA guidelines.A total of 308 articles were included in the final analysis.RESULTS The analysis included 189 review articles,57 research articles,3 systematic reviews and meta-analyses,5 case reports,2 guidelines,5 expert opinions,and 2 editorials.Key findings revealed a broad spectrum of symptoms,including motor and sensory disturbances and psychological factors contributing to the onset and persistence of FND.Diagnostic challenges were frequently highlighted,emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches.Treatment strategies varied,with cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)and multidisciplinary care emerging as the most effective approaches.The outcomes varied,with early intervention being critical for a better prognosis.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care,including CBT,are critical for improving outcomes in pediatric FND.Standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols are needed to enhance clinical management.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20286 to Y.H.,22206054 to Y.H.,and 22478310 to J.Z.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central China Normal University(CCNU)。
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production via electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds a great promise for sustainable energy storage.However,the issues such as high energy consumption and difficult extraction of thermodynamically unstable H_(2)O_(2) still need to be resolved.Herein,we reported a unified system for energy-out production and downstream conversion of H_(2)O_(2).By replacing the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction with a hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR),the cell of twoelectron ORR coupled with HzOR achieves the co-generation of electricity energy and valuable H_(2)O_(2).By employing Ru single atoms anchored on cobalt hydroxide(for HzOR)and NiSe_(2)(for ORR)as electrocatalysts,both exhibiting onset potentials near the theoretical values for their respective reactions,the ORR‖HzOR cell exhibits an energy output of 3.58 mW cm^(-2) and generates 0.66 kWh of electricity per kg of H_(2)O_(2).with a production rate of 583 mmol h^(-1) H_(2)O_(2).The produced H_(2)O_(2) was subsequently in-situ upgraded via three downstream conversion pathways to yield value-added products of sodium percarbonate,sodium peroxyborate,and ethylene glycol.A techno-economic analysis confirmed the economic viability of this ORR‖HzOR coupled with downstream conversion system.
基金supported by the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(RS-2025-02311658)supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2023R1A2C2008017)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043435).
文摘Driven by rapid advancements in smart wearable technologies and perovskite photovoltaics,flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)have emerged as highly promising autonomous power sources,poised to transform the next generation of mobile energy systems,portable electronics,and integrated wearable devices.For successful deployment in real-world scenarios,FPSCs must exhibit a combination of key attributes,including high power conversion efficiency,lightweight architecture,environmental robustness,and mechanical adaptability-encompassing flexibility,stretchability,and twistability.This review provides a detailed examination of the evolution,current state,and practical deployment of FPSCs,emphasizing their potential as efficient,portable energy solutions.It investigates advanced strategies for improving environmental resilience and mechanical recoverability,including the engineering of flexible substrates,deposition of high-quality perovskite films,and optimization of charge-selective interfaces.Additionally,it offers a systematic analysis of device design,fabrication protocols,scalable printing techniques,and standardized performance evaluation methods tailored for wearable FPSCs.Recent progress in enhancing the optoelectronic properties and mechanical durability of FPSCs is also critically reviewed.Ultimately,this work delivers a comprehensive perspective on FPSCs from both optoelectronic and mechanical viewpoints,identifies key challenges,and outlines future research pathways toward the seamless integration of FPSCs into multifunctional,next-generation wearable systems.
文摘Photocatalysis is an important technology for using solar energy to produce hydrogen,convert CO_(2) to synthetic fuels,and decrease persistent pollutant.However,conventional photocatalysts have limitations,including poor spectral absorption,inefficient charge separation,and structural instability under operational stress,which demand innovative durable materials with tailored electronic properties.Nanodiamond(ND)has recently been recognized as a suitable material because of its exceptional chemical stability,superior charge carrier mobility,and possible surface functionalization.While its intrinsic wide bandgap limits its response to visible-light,different methods have been demonstrated to activate its catalytic potential.Here,several emerging strategies for improving the catalytic performance of ND-based photocatalytic systems are summarized,including surface functionalization,plasmonic hybridization,heteroatom doping,and heterostructure design.And the structure-activity relationship and design principle are proposed to improve the light harvesting,charge transport,and redox kinetics for constructing high efficiency ND-based photocatalysts used in the renewable energy and environmental industries.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Project of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023067)Project of Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(202303021211189)+1 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Provinces(20220036)Shanxi ProvinceIntelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation Center and Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and TechnologyLaboratory,Yuncheng University.
文摘In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.
文摘CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.
基金financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation(grant number IZLRZ2_164058)the China Scholarship Council Ph.D.student exchange programthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(PAPD)。
文摘Aerogels are ultra-lightweight,porous materials defined by a complex network of interconnected pores and nanostructures,which effectively suppress heat transfer,making them exceptional for thermal insulation.Furthermore,their porous architecture can trap and scatter light via multiple internal reflections,extending the optical path within the material.When combined with suitable light-absorbing materials,this feature significantly enhances light absorption(darkness).To validate this concept,mesoporous silica aerogel particles were incorporated into a resorcinol-formaldehyde(RF)sol,and the silica-to-RF ratio was optimized to achieve uniform carbon compound coatings on the silica pore walls.Notably,increasing silica loading raised the sol viscosity,enabling formulations ideal for direct ink writing processes with excellent shape fidelity for super-black topographical designs.The printed silica-RF green bodies exhibited remarkable mechanical strength and ultra-low thermal conductivity(15.8 m W m^(-1) K^(-1))prior to pyrolysis.Following pyrolysis,the composites maintained structural integrity and printed microcellular geometries while achieving super-black coloration(abs.99.56%in the 280-2500 nm range)and high photothermal conversion efficiency(94.2%).Additionally,these silica-carbon aerogel microcellulars demonstrated stable electrical conductivity and low electrochemical impedance.The synergistic combination of 3D printability and super-black photothermal features makes these composites highly versatile for multifunctional applications,including on-demand thermal management,and efficient solar-driven water production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Plan(No.2023YFB3209203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62333012,No.92248302)+3 种基金supported by Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Embodied Intelligence Robotics Technologythe Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 ProjectJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices。
文摘Wood,once regarded primarily as a structural material,possesses rich physicochemical complexity that has long been underexplored.In the context of industrialization and carbon imbalance,it is now emerging as a renewable and multifunctional platform for green nanotechnologies.Recent advances in wood nanotechnology have enabled the transformation of natural wood into programmable substrates with tailored nanoarchitectures,establishing it as a representative class of bio-based nanomaterials.This review systematically categorizes wood-specific nanoengineering strategies—including thermal carbonization,laser-induced graphenization,targeted delignification,nanomaterial integration,and mechanical processing—highlighting their mechanisms and impacts on wood's multiscale structural and functional properties.Importantly,these functionalization strategies can be flexibly combined in a modular,“Lego-like”manner,enabling wood to be reconfigured and optimized for diverse application scenarios.We summarize recent progress in applying functionalized wood to sustainable technologies such as energy storage(e.g.,metal-ion batteries,Zn-air systems,supercapacitors),water treatment(e.g.,adsorption,photothermal filtration,catalytic degradation),and energy conversion(e.g.,solar evaporation,ionic thermoelectrics,hydrovoltaics,and triboelectric nanogenerators).These studies reveal how nanoengineered wood structures can enable efficient charge transport,selective adsorption,and enhanced light-to-heat conversion.Finally,the review discusses current challenges—such as scalable fabrication,material integration,and long-term environmental stability—and outlines future directions for the development of wood-based platforms in next-generation green energy and environmental systems.
基金supported by the financial support from the National Research Foundation,Singapore,under its Singapore-China Joint Flagship Project(Clean Energy).
文摘Aqueous Zn-iodine batteries(ZIBs)face the formidable challenges towards practical implementation,including metal corrosion and rampant dendrite growth on the Zn anode side,and shuttle effect of polyiodide species from the cathode side.These challenges lead to poor cycle stability and severe self-discharge.From the fabrication and cost point of view,it is technologically more viable to deploy electrolyte engineering than electrode protection strategies.More importantly,a synchronous method for modulation of both cathode and anode is pivotal,which has been often neglected in prior studies.In this work,cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(Pah^(+))is adopted as a low-cost dual-function electrolyte additive for ZIBs.We elaborate the synchronous effect by Pah^(+)in stabilizing Zn anode and immobilizing polyiodide anions.The fabricated Zn-iodine coin cell with Pah^(+)(ZnI_(2) loading:25 mg cm^(−2))stably cycles 1000 times at 1 C,and a single-layered 3.4 cm^(2) pouch cell(N/P ratio~1.5)with the same mass loading cycles over 300 times with insignificant capacity decay.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22302155)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Center Universities(No.D5000240188)the research program of ZJUT(YJY-ZS-20240001)。
文摘Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks such as inferior stability,severe charge-carrier recombination,and limited active sites.Heterojunctions have recently been widely constructed to improve light absorption,passivate surface for enhanced stability,and promote charge-carrier dynamics of MHPs.However,little attention has been paid to the review of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions.Here,recent advances of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are highlighted.The structure,synthesis,and photophysical properties of MHPs-based heterojunctions are first introduced,including basic principles,categories(such as Schottky junction,type-I,type-II,Z-scheme,and S-scheme junction),and synthesis strategies.MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are then reviewed in four categories:H2evolution,CO_(2)reduction,pollutant degradation,and organic synthesis.The challenges and prospects in solar-light-driven redox reactions with MHPs-based heterojunctions in the future are finally discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272114)+2 种基金the Funding for Hundred Talent Program(20822041E4079)the Fundamental Research Funds from Sichuan University(2022SCUNL103)This work has also been supported by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.via collaborative project No.36800000-24-ZC0607-0175.
文摘Converting waste plastics directly into valuable aromatic chemicals is a promising,cost-effective recycling strategy.Traditional zeolite-catalyzed cracking of polyolefins to produce aromatics often needs high temperatures and faces issues like low selectivity for liquid aromatics,separation difficulties,and rapid catalyst deactivation due to coking.To address this,a multifunctional Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was developed to efficiently upgrade various polyolefins—including polyvinyl chloride—into gaseous alkanes(C_(1)–C_(5))and easily separable liquid aromatics(C_(6)–C_(12))at 400°C,without added solvents or hydrogen.Aromatic products make up 57.1 wt%of total output,with more than 97.8%selectivity for the liquid phase and a BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)selectivity of 76.1%.The high activity and selectivity for aromatics stem from synergistic interactions between Ni nanoparticles(NPs)and acid sites in the zeolite,which promote selective C–C bond breaking and control hydrogenolysis and aromatization pathways.This synergy allows precise control over the distribution of products by carbon number and favors the formation of separable aromatics.Notably,the catalyst also prevents coking by hydrogenolyzing and hydrogenating reactive intermediates before they form stable graphite-like deposits.Consequently,Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst demonstrates excellent stability,maintaining consistent aromatics yield over 13 consecutive cycles and processing over 30 times its weight in plastics without regeneration.After regeneration,the activity of the catalyst was fully restored,highlighting its potential for industrial use.This work offers valuable insights for designing durable,high-activity catalysts,providing a practical route to improve plastic recycling technologies.
文摘Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or attitude instability,seriously compromising mission reliability.To address this engineering challenge,this paper proposes a multi-point low-impact locking/release mechanism based on the mobility model and energy conversion strategy.Through establishing a DOF constraint framework system,this paper systematically analyzes the energy transfer and conversion characteristics during the wing separation process,reveals the generation mechanism of impact loads,and conducts research on low-impact design based on energy conversion strategy.Building on this foundation,a single-point locking/release mechanism employing parallel trapezoidal key shaft structure was designed,which increases frictional contact time and reduces the energy release rate,thereby achieving low-impact characteristics.The mechanism's performance was validated through physical prototype development and systematic functional testing(including unlocking force,synchronization,and impact tests).Experimental results demonstrate:(1)Under 14 kN preload condition,the maximum unlocking force was only 92.54 N,showing a linear relationship with preload that satisfies the"strong-connection/weak-unlock"design requirement;(2)Wing separation was completed within 46 ms,with synchronization time difference among three separation mechanisms stably controlled within 12-14 ms,proving rapid and reliable operation;(3)The unlocking impact acceleration ranged between 26 and 73 g,below the 100 g design limit,confirming the effectiveness of the energy conversion strategy.The proposed low-impact locking/release mechanism design method based on energy conversion strategy resolves the traditional challenges of high impact and synchronization deficiencies.The synergistic optimization mechanism of"structural load reduction and performance improvement"provides a highly reliable technical solution for wing separable mechanisms while offering novel design insights for wing connection/separation systems engineering.
文摘Implicature is a universal feature of human communication.In conversations,it is common to see examples of something unsaid but communicated.After introducing the theory of conversational impilcature and its four maxims,this paper presents English and Chinese examples to compare their conversational implicature,and finds conversational implicature exists in both Chinese and English conversation.
