In 6G era,service forms in which computing power acts as the core will be ubiquitous in the network.At the same time,the collaboration among edge computing,cloud computing and network is needed to support edge computi...In 6G era,service forms in which computing power acts as the core will be ubiquitous in the network.At the same time,the collaboration among edge computing,cloud computing and network is needed to support edge computing service with strong demand for computing power,so as to realize the optimization of resource utilization.Based on this,the article discusses the research background,key techniques and main application scenarios of computing power network.Through the demonstration,it can be concluded that the technical solution of computing power network can effectively meet the multi-level deployment and flexible scheduling needs of the future 6G business for computing,storage and network,and adapt to the integration needs of computing power and network in various scenarios,such as user oriented,government enterprise oriented,computing power open and so on.展开更多
With the rapid development of cloud computing,edge computing,and smart devices,computing power resources indicate a trend of ubiquitous deployment.The traditional network architecture cannot efficiently leverage these...With the rapid development of cloud computing,edge computing,and smart devices,computing power resources indicate a trend of ubiquitous deployment.The traditional network architecture cannot efficiently leverage these distributed computing power resources due to computing power island effect.To overcome these problems and improve network efficiency,a new network computing paradigm is proposed,i.e.,Computing Power Network(CPN).Computing power network can connect ubiquitous and heterogenous computing power resources through networking to realize computing power scheduling flexibly.In this survey,we make an exhaustive review on the state-of-the-art research efforts on computing power network.We first give an overview of computing power network,including definition,architecture,and advantages.Next,a comprehensive elaboration of issues on computing power modeling,information awareness and announcement,resource allocation,network forwarding,computing power transaction platform and resource orchestration platform is presented.The computing power network testbed is built and evaluated.The applications and use cases in computing power network are discussed.Then,the key enabling technologies for computing power network are introduced.Finally,open challenges and future research directions are presented as well.展开更多
Driven by diverse intelligent applications,computing capability is moving from the central cloud to the edge of the network in the form of small cloud nodes,forming a distributed computing power network.Tasked with bo...Driven by diverse intelligent applications,computing capability is moving from the central cloud to the edge of the network in the form of small cloud nodes,forming a distributed computing power network.Tasked with both packet transmission and data processing,it requires joint optimization of communications and computing.Considering the diverse requirements of applications,we develop a dynamic control policy of routing to determine both paths and computing nodes in a distributed computing power network.Different from traditional routing protocols,additional metrics related to computing are taken into consideration in the proposed policy.Based on the multi-attribute decision theory and the fuzzy logic theory,we propose two routing selection algorithms,the Fuzzy Logic-Based Routing(FLBR)algorithm and the low-complexity Pairwise Multi-Attribute Decision-Making(l PMADM)algorithm.Simulation results show that the proposed policy could achieve better performance in average processing delay,user satisfaction,and load balancing compared with existing works.展开更多
With the acceleration of the intelligent transformation of power systems,the requirements for communication technology are increasingly stringent.The application of 5G mobile communication technology in power communic...With the acceleration of the intelligent transformation of power systems,the requirements for communication technology are increasingly stringent.The application of 5G mobile communication technology in power communication is analyzed.In this study,5G technology features,application principles,and practical strategies are discussed,and methods such as network slicing,customized deployment,edge computing collaborative application,communication equipment integration and upgrading,and multi-technology collaboration and complementation are proposed.It aims to effectively improve the efficiency,reliability,and security of power communication,solve the problem that traditional communication technology is difficult to meet the diversified needs of power business,and achieve the effect of optimizing the power communication network and supporting the intelligent development of the power system.展开更多
The rapid convergence of Information and Communication Technologies(ICT),driven by advancements in 5G/6G networks,cloud computing,Artificial Intelligence(AI),and the Internet of Things(IoT),is reshaping modern digital...The rapid convergence of Information and Communication Technologies(ICT),driven by advancements in 5G/6G networks,cloud computing,Artificial Intelligence(AI),and the Internet of Things(IoT),is reshaping modern digital ecosystems.As massive,distributed data streams are generated across edge devices and network layers,there is a growing need for intelligent,privacy-preserving AI solutions that can operate efficiently at the network edge.Federated Learning(FL)enables decentralized model training without transferring sensitive data,addressing key challenges around privacy,bandwidth,and latency.Despite its benefits in enhancing efficiency,real-time analytics,and regulatory compliance,FL adoption faces challenges,including communication overhead,heterogeneity,security vulnerabilities,and limited edge resources.While recent studies have addressed these issues individually,the literature lacks a unified,cross-domain perspective that reflects the architectural complexity and application diversity of Convergence ICT.This systematic review offers a comprehensive,cross-domain examination of FL within converged ICT infrastructures.The central research question guiding this review is:How can FL be effectively integrated into Convergence ICT environments,and what are the main challenges in implementing FL in such environments,along with possible solutions?We begin with a foundational overview of FL concepts and classifications,followed by a detailed taxonomy of FL architectures,learning strategies,and privacy-preserving mechanisms.Through in-depth case studies,we analyse FL’s application across diverse verticals,including smart cities,healthcare,industrial automation,and autonomous systems.We further identify critical challenges—such as system and data heterogeneity,limited edge resources,and security vulnerabilities—and review state-of-the-art mitigation strategies,including edge-aware optimization,secure aggregation,and adaptive model updates.In addition,we explore emerging directions in FL research,such as energy-efficient learning,federated reinforcement learning,and integration with blockchain,quantum computing,and self-adaptive networks.This review not only synthesizes current literature but also proposes a forward-looking road map to support scalable,secure,and sustainable FL deployment in future ICT ecosystems.展开更多
As an open network architecture,Wireless Computing PowerNetworks(WCPN)pose newchallenges for achieving efficient and secure resource management in networks,because of issues such as insecure communication channels and...As an open network architecture,Wireless Computing PowerNetworks(WCPN)pose newchallenges for achieving efficient and secure resource management in networks,because of issues such as insecure communication channels and untrusted device terminals.Blockchain,as a shared,immutable distributed ledger,provides a secure resource management solution for WCPN.However,integrating blockchain into WCPN faces challenges like device heterogeneity,monitoring communication states,and dynamic network nature.Whereas Digital Twins(DT)can accurately maintain digital models of physical entities through real-time data updates and self-learning,enabling continuous optimization of WCPN,improving synchronization performance,ensuring real-time accuracy,and supporting smooth operation of WCPN services.In this paper,we propose a DT for blockchain-empowered WCPN architecture that guarantees real-time data transmission between physical entities and digital models.We adopt an enumeration-based optimal placement algorithm(EOPA)and an improved simulated annealing-based near-optimal placement algorithm(ISAPA)to achieve minimum average DT synchronization latency under the constraint of DT error.Numerical results show that the proposed solution in this paper outperforms benchmarks in terms of average synchronization latency.展开更多
Computing Power Network(CPN)is emerging as one of the important research interests in beyond 5G(B5G)or 6G.This paper constructs a CPN based on Federated Learning(FL),where all Multi-access Edge Computing(MEC)servers a...Computing Power Network(CPN)is emerging as one of the important research interests in beyond 5G(B5G)or 6G.This paper constructs a CPN based on Federated Learning(FL),where all Multi-access Edge Computing(MEC)servers are linked to a computing power center via wireless links.Through this FL procedure,each MEC server in CPN can independently train the learning models using localized data,thus preserving data privacy.However,it is challenging to motivate MEC servers to participate in the FL process in an efficient way and difficult to ensure energy efficiency for MEC servers.To address these issues,we first introduce an incentive mechanism using the Stackelberg game framework to motivate MEC servers.Afterwards,we formulate a comprehensive algorithm to jointly optimize the communication resource(wireless bandwidth and transmission power)allocations and the computation resource(computation capacity of MEC servers)allocations while ensuring the local accuracy of the training of each MEC server.The numerical data validates that the proposed incentive mechanism and joint optimization algorithm do improve the energy efficiency and performance of the considered CPN.展开更多
Federated Learning(FL)is a novel distributed machine learning methodology that addresses large-scale parallel computing challenges while safeguarding data security.However,the traditional FL model in communication sce...Federated Learning(FL)is a novel distributed machine learning methodology that addresses large-scale parallel computing challenges while safeguarding data security.However,the traditional FL model in communication scenarios,whether for uplink or downlink communications,may give rise to several network problems,such as bandwidth occupation,additional network latency,and bandwidth fragmentation.In this paper,we propose an adaptive chained training approach(Fed ACT)for FL in computing power networks.First,a Computation-driven Clustering Strategy(CCS)is designed.The server clusters clients by task processing delays to minimize waiting delays at the central server.Second,we propose a Genetic-Algorithm-based Sorting(GAS)method to optimize the order of clients participating in training.Finally,based on the table lookup and forwarding rules of the Segment Routing over IPv6(SRv6)protocol,the sorting results of GAS are written into the SRv6 packet header,to control the order in which clients participate in model training.We conduct extensive experiments on two datasets of CIFAR-10 and MNIST,and the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm offers improved accuracy,diminished communication costs,and reduced network delays.展开更多
A new type of ANN (Artificial Neural Network) structure is introduced, and a nonlinear transformation of the original features is proposed so as to improve the learning covergence of the neural network. This kind of i...A new type of ANN (Artificial Neural Network) structure is introduced, and a nonlinear transformation of the original features is proposed so as to improve the learning covergence of the neural network. This kind of improved ANN is then used to analyse the transient stability of two real power systems. The results show that this method possesses better effectiveness and high convergence speed.展开更多
Dear Editor,The letter deals with the distributed state and fault estimation of the whole physical layer for cyber-physical systems(CPSs) when the cyber layer suffers from DoS attacks. With the advancement of embedded...Dear Editor,The letter deals with the distributed state and fault estimation of the whole physical layer for cyber-physical systems(CPSs) when the cyber layer suffers from DoS attacks. With the advancement of embedded computing, communication and related hardware technologies, CPSs have attracted extensive attention and have been widely used in power system, traffic network, refrigeration system and other fields.展开更多
Analytical techniques and Liapunov method were used for the estimation of the attraction domain of memory patterns and local exponential stability of neural networks. The results were used to design efficient continuo...Analytical techniques and Liapunov method were used for the estimation of the attraction domain of memory patterns and local exponential stability of neural networks. The results were used to design efficient continuous feedback associative memory neural networks. The neural network synthesis procedure ensured the gain of large exponential convergence rate without reduction of the attraction domain.展开更多
Federated learning effectively addresses issues such as data privacy by collaborating across participating devices to train global models.However,factors such as network topology and computing power of devices can aff...Federated learning effectively addresses issues such as data privacy by collaborating across participating devices to train global models.However,factors such as network topology and computing power of devices can affect its training or communication process in complex network environments.Computing and network convergence(CNC)of sixth-generation(6G)networks,a new network architecture and paradigm with computing-measurable,perceptible,distributable,dispatchable,and manageable capabilities,can effectively support federated learning training and improve its communication efficiency.By guiding the participating devices'training in federated learning based on business requirements,resource load,network conditions,and computing power of devices,CNC can reach this goal.In this paper,to improve the communication eficiency of federated learning in complex networks,we study the communication eficiency optimization methods of federated learning for CNC of 6G networks that give decisions on the training process for different network conditions and computing power of participating devices.The simulations address two architectures that exist for devices in federated learning and arrange devices to participate in training based on arithmetic power while achieving optimization of communication efficiency in the process of transferring model parameters.The results show that the methods we proposed can cope well with complex network situations,effectively balance the delay distribution of participating devices for local training,improve the communication eficiency during the transfer of model parameters,and improve the resource utilization in the network.展开更多
Energy saving is the most important issue in research and development for wireless sensor networks. A power control mechanism can reduce the power consumption of the whole network. Because the character of wireless se...Energy saving is the most important issue in research and development for wireless sensor networks. A power control mechanism can reduce the power consumption of the whole network. Because the character of wireless sensor networks is restrictive energy, this paper proposes a distributed power control algorithm based on game theory for wireless sensor networks which objects of which are reducing power consumption and decreasing overhead and increasing network lifetime. The game theory and OPNET simulation shows that the power control algorithm converges to a Nash Equilibrium when decisions are updated according to a better response dynamic.展开更多
This research explores the potential of wind energy as a sustainable solution to environmental challenges by focussing on the deployment of vertical axis wind turbines in confined spaces,such as urban rooftops,ship de...This research explores the potential of wind energy as a sustainable solution to environmental challenges by focussing on the deployment of vertical axis wind turbines in confined spaces,such as urban rooftops,ship decks,gas stations,etc.It aims to identify the optimal configuration for a cluster of three rotors by varying geometric parameters,assessing the omnidirectionality of the rotors,and using an artificial neural network as an optimization tool.The methodology involves 2D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics simulations followed by building and training an artificial neural network.The results indicate that the best cluster configuration,achieving a power coefficient of 0.2517,consists of a horizontal distance of 0.08D,vertical distance of 0.1D,and wind direction of 232°.The accuracy of the neural network is demonstrated by a mere 1.206%discrepancy with the computational analysis,thus highlighting its potential as a time-saving tool in the optimization process.Additionally,the average power coefficient across all wind directions was found to be 0.194,thus confirming the strong omnidirectional characteristics of the cluster.The study also notes a significant speed-up region between the rotors,which creates a low-pressure area,enhancing the power coefficient of the downstream rotor and demonstrating the advantages of this pressure-based turbine configuration.This comprehensive study establishes the efficacy of neural networks in optimizing wind turbine clusters,thus significantly expediting their design and development process.展开更多
With the support of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology and computing power networks,the existing intersection traffic order is expected to benefit from efficiency improvements and energy savings by new schemes such ...With the support of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology and computing power networks,the existing intersection traffic order is expected to benefit from efficiency improvements and energy savings by new schemes such as de-signalization.How to effectively manage autonomous vehicles for traffic control with high throughput at unsignalized intersections while ensuring safety has been a research hotspot.This paper proposes a collision-free autonomous vehicle scheduling framework based on edge-cloud computing power networks for unsignalized intersections where the lanes entering the intersections are undirectional,and designs an efficient communication system and protocol.First,by analyzing the collision point occupation time,this paper formulates an absolute value programming problem.Second,this problem is solved with low complexity by the Edge Intelligence Optimal Entry Time(EI-OET)algorithm based on edge-cloud computing power support.Then,the communication system and protocol are designed for the proposed scheduling scheme to realize efficient and low-latency vehicular communications.Finally,simulation experiments compare the proposed scheduling framework with directional and traditional traffic light scheduling mechanisms,and the experimental results demonstrate its high efficiency,low latency,and low complexity.展开更多
In response to the requirements for large-scale device access and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication in the power internet of things,unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted multi-access edge computing can be used t...In response to the requirements for large-scale device access and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication in the power internet of things,unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted multi-access edge computing can be used to realize flexible access to power services and update large amounts of information in a timely manner.By considering factors such as machine communication traffic,MAC competition access,and information freshness,this paper develops a cross-layer computing framework in which the peak Age of Information(Ao I)provides a statistical delay boundary in the finite blocklength regime.We also propose a deep machine learning-based multi-access edge computing offloading algorithm.First,a traffic arrival model is established in which the time interval follows the Beta distribution,and then a business service model is proposed based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance algorithm.The peak Ao I boundary performance of multiple access is evaluated according to stochastic network calculus theory.Finally,an unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted multilevel offloading model with cache is designed,in which the peak Ao I violation probability and energy consumption provide the optimization goals.The optimal offloading strategy is obtained using deep reinforcement learning.Compared with baseline schemes based on non-cooperative game theory with stochastic learning automata and random edge unloading,the proposed algorithm improves the overall performance by approximately 3.52%and 20.73%,respectively,and provides superior deterministic offloading performance by using the peak Ao I boundary.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China No.2019YFB1802800.
文摘In 6G era,service forms in which computing power acts as the core will be ubiquitous in the network.At the same time,the collaboration among edge computing,cloud computing and network is needed to support edge computing service with strong demand for computing power,so as to realize the optimization of resource utilization.Based on this,the article discusses the research background,key techniques and main application scenarios of computing power network.Through the demonstration,it can be concluded that the technical solution of computing power network can effectively meet the multi-level deployment and flexible scheduling needs of the future 6G business for computing,storage and network,and adapt to the integration needs of computing power and network in various scenarios,such as user oriented,government enterprise oriented,computing power open and so on.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 62271062 and 62071063by the Zhijiang Laboratory Open Project Fund 2020LCOAB01。
文摘With the rapid development of cloud computing,edge computing,and smart devices,computing power resources indicate a trend of ubiquitous deployment.The traditional network architecture cannot efficiently leverage these distributed computing power resources due to computing power island effect.To overcome these problems and improve network efficiency,a new network computing paradigm is proposed,i.e.,Computing Power Network(CPN).Computing power network can connect ubiquitous and heterogenous computing power resources through networking to realize computing power scheduling flexibly.In this survey,we make an exhaustive review on the state-of-the-art research efforts on computing power network.We first give an overview of computing power network,including definition,architecture,and advantages.Next,a comprehensive elaboration of issues on computing power modeling,information awareness and announcement,resource allocation,network forwarding,computing power transaction platform and resource orchestration platform is presented.The computing power network testbed is built and evaluated.The applications and use cases in computing power network are discussed.Then,the key enabling technologies for computing power network are introduced.Finally,open challenges and future research directions are presented as well.
文摘Driven by diverse intelligent applications,computing capability is moving from the central cloud to the edge of the network in the form of small cloud nodes,forming a distributed computing power network.Tasked with both packet transmission and data processing,it requires joint optimization of communications and computing.Considering the diverse requirements of applications,we develop a dynamic control policy of routing to determine both paths and computing nodes in a distributed computing power network.Different from traditional routing protocols,additional metrics related to computing are taken into consideration in the proposed policy.Based on the multi-attribute decision theory and the fuzzy logic theory,we propose two routing selection algorithms,the Fuzzy Logic-Based Routing(FLBR)algorithm and the low-complexity Pairwise Multi-Attribute Decision-Making(l PMADM)algorithm.Simulation results show that the proposed policy could achieve better performance in average processing delay,user satisfaction,and load balancing compared with existing works.
文摘With the acceleration of the intelligent transformation of power systems,the requirements for communication technology are increasingly stringent.The application of 5G mobile communication technology in power communication is analyzed.In this study,5G technology features,application principles,and practical strategies are discussed,and methods such as network slicing,customized deployment,edge computing collaborative application,communication equipment integration and upgrading,and multi-technology collaboration and complementation are proposed.It aims to effectively improve the efficiency,reliability,and security of power communication,solve the problem that traditional communication technology is difficult to meet the diversified needs of power business,and achieve the effect of optimizing the power communication network and supporting the intelligent development of the power system.
文摘The rapid convergence of Information and Communication Technologies(ICT),driven by advancements in 5G/6G networks,cloud computing,Artificial Intelligence(AI),and the Internet of Things(IoT),is reshaping modern digital ecosystems.As massive,distributed data streams are generated across edge devices and network layers,there is a growing need for intelligent,privacy-preserving AI solutions that can operate efficiently at the network edge.Federated Learning(FL)enables decentralized model training without transferring sensitive data,addressing key challenges around privacy,bandwidth,and latency.Despite its benefits in enhancing efficiency,real-time analytics,and regulatory compliance,FL adoption faces challenges,including communication overhead,heterogeneity,security vulnerabilities,and limited edge resources.While recent studies have addressed these issues individually,the literature lacks a unified,cross-domain perspective that reflects the architectural complexity and application diversity of Convergence ICT.This systematic review offers a comprehensive,cross-domain examination of FL within converged ICT infrastructures.The central research question guiding this review is:How can FL be effectively integrated into Convergence ICT environments,and what are the main challenges in implementing FL in such environments,along with possible solutions?We begin with a foundational overview of FL concepts and classifications,followed by a detailed taxonomy of FL architectures,learning strategies,and privacy-preserving mechanisms.Through in-depth case studies,we analyse FL’s application across diverse verticals,including smart cities,healthcare,industrial automation,and autonomous systems.We further identify critical challenges—such as system and data heterogeneity,limited edge resources,and security vulnerabilities—and review state-of-the-art mitigation strategies,including edge-aware optimization,secure aggregation,and adaptive model updates.In addition,we explore emerging directions in FL research,such as energy-efficient learning,federated reinforcement learning,and integration with blockchain,quantum computing,and self-adaptive networks.This review not only synthesizes current literature but also proposes a forward-looking road map to support scalable,secure,and sustainable FL deployment in future ICT ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62272391in part by the Key Industry Innovation Chain of Shaanxi under Grant 2021ZDLGY05-08.
文摘As an open network architecture,Wireless Computing PowerNetworks(WCPN)pose newchallenges for achieving efficient and secure resource management in networks,because of issues such as insecure communication channels and untrusted device terminals.Blockchain,as a shared,immutable distributed ledger,provides a secure resource management solution for WCPN.However,integrating blockchain into WCPN faces challenges like device heterogeneity,monitoring communication states,and dynamic network nature.Whereas Digital Twins(DT)can accurately maintain digital models of physical entities through real-time data updates and self-learning,enabling continuous optimization of WCPN,improving synchronization performance,ensuring real-time accuracy,and supporting smooth operation of WCPN services.In this paper,we propose a DT for blockchain-empowered WCPN architecture that guarantees real-time data transmission between physical entities and digital models.We adopt an enumeration-based optimal placement algorithm(EOPA)and an improved simulated annealing-based near-optimal placement algorithm(ISAPA)to achieve minimum average DT synchronization latency under the constraint of DT error.Numerical results show that the proposed solution in this paper outperforms benchmarks in terms of average synchronization latency.
基金partly funded by MOST Major Research and Development Project(Grant No 2021YFB2900204)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No 62132004)+1 种基金Sichuan Major R&D Project(Grant No 22QYCX0168)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No 2022C01093)。
文摘Computing Power Network(CPN)is emerging as one of the important research interests in beyond 5G(B5G)or 6G.This paper constructs a CPN based on Federated Learning(FL),where all Multi-access Edge Computing(MEC)servers are linked to a computing power center via wireless links.Through this FL procedure,each MEC server in CPN can independently train the learning models using localized data,thus preserving data privacy.However,it is challenging to motivate MEC servers to participate in the FL process in an efficient way and difficult to ensure energy efficiency for MEC servers.To address these issues,we first introduce an incentive mechanism using the Stackelberg game framework to motivate MEC servers.Afterwards,we formulate a comprehensive algorithm to jointly optimize the communication resource(wireless bandwidth and transmission power)allocations and the computation resource(computation capacity of MEC servers)allocations while ensuring the local accuracy of the training of each MEC server.The numerical data validates that the proposed incentive mechanism and joint optimization algorithm do improve the energy efficiency and performance of the considered CPN.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2900200)。
文摘Federated Learning(FL)is a novel distributed machine learning methodology that addresses large-scale parallel computing challenges while safeguarding data security.However,the traditional FL model in communication scenarios,whether for uplink or downlink communications,may give rise to several network problems,such as bandwidth occupation,additional network latency,and bandwidth fragmentation.In this paper,we propose an adaptive chained training approach(Fed ACT)for FL in computing power networks.First,a Computation-driven Clustering Strategy(CCS)is designed.The server clusters clients by task processing delays to minimize waiting delays at the central server.Second,we propose a Genetic-Algorithm-based Sorting(GAS)method to optimize the order of clients participating in training.Finally,based on the table lookup and forwarding rules of the Segment Routing over IPv6(SRv6)protocol,the sorting results of GAS are written into the SRv6 packet header,to control the order in which clients participate in model training.We conduct extensive experiments on two datasets of CIFAR-10 and MNIST,and the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm offers improved accuracy,diminished communication costs,and reduced network delays.
文摘A new type of ANN (Artificial Neural Network) structure is introduced, and a nonlinear transformation of the original features is proposed so as to improve the learning covergence of the neural network. This kind of improved ANN is then used to analyse the transient stability of two real power systems. The results show that this method possesses better effectiveness and high convergence speed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62303273,62373226)the National Research Foundation,Singapore through the Medium Sized Center for Advanced Robotics Technology Innovation(WP2.7)
文摘Dear Editor,The letter deals with the distributed state and fault estimation of the whole physical layer for cyber-physical systems(CPSs) when the cyber layer suffers from DoS attacks. With the advancement of embedded computing, communication and related hardware technologies, CPSs have attracted extensive attention and have been widely used in power system, traffic network, refrigeration system and other fields.
文摘Analytical techniques and Liapunov method were used for the estimation of the attraction domain of memory patterns and local exponential stability of neural networks. The results were used to design efficient continuous feedback associative memory neural networks. The neural network synthesis procedure ensured the gain of large exponential convergence rate without reduction of the attraction domain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62271062 and 62071063)。
文摘Federated learning effectively addresses issues such as data privacy by collaborating across participating devices to train global models.However,factors such as network topology and computing power of devices can affect its training or communication process in complex network environments.Computing and network convergence(CNC)of sixth-generation(6G)networks,a new network architecture and paradigm with computing-measurable,perceptible,distributable,dispatchable,and manageable capabilities,can effectively support federated learning training and improve its communication efficiency.By guiding the participating devices'training in federated learning based on business requirements,resource load,network conditions,and computing power of devices,CNC can reach this goal.In this paper,to improve the communication eficiency of federated learning in complex networks,we study the communication eficiency optimization methods of federated learning for CNC of 6G networks that give decisions on the training process for different network conditions and computing power of participating devices.The simulations address two architectures that exist for devices in federated learning and arrange devices to participate in training based on arithmetic power while achieving optimization of communication efficiency in the process of transferring model parameters.The results show that the methods we proposed can cope well with complex network situations,effectively balance the delay distribution of participating devices for local training,improve the communication eficiency during the transfer of model parameters,and improve the resource utilization in the network.
文摘Energy saving is the most important issue in research and development for wireless sensor networks. A power control mechanism can reduce the power consumption of the whole network. Because the character of wireless sensor networks is restrictive energy, this paper proposes a distributed power control algorithm based on game theory for wireless sensor networks which objects of which are reducing power consumption and decreasing overhead and increasing network lifetime. The game theory and OPNET simulation shows that the power control algorithm converges to a Nash Equilibrium when decisions are updated according to a better response dynamic.
文摘This research explores the potential of wind energy as a sustainable solution to environmental challenges by focussing on the deployment of vertical axis wind turbines in confined spaces,such as urban rooftops,ship decks,gas stations,etc.It aims to identify the optimal configuration for a cluster of three rotors by varying geometric parameters,assessing the omnidirectionality of the rotors,and using an artificial neural network as an optimization tool.The methodology involves 2D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics simulations followed by building and training an artificial neural network.The results indicate that the best cluster configuration,achieving a power coefficient of 0.2517,consists of a horizontal distance of 0.08D,vertical distance of 0.1D,and wind direction of 232°.The accuracy of the neural network is demonstrated by a mere 1.206%discrepancy with the computational analysis,thus highlighting its potential as a time-saving tool in the optimization process.Additionally,the average power coefficient across all wind directions was found to be 0.194,thus confirming the strong omnidirectional characteristics of the cluster.The study also notes a significant speed-up region between the rotors,which creates a low-pressure area,enhancing the power coefficient of the downstream rotor and demonstrating the advantages of this pressure-based turbine configuration.This comprehensive study establishes the efficacy of neural networks in optimizing wind turbine clusters,thus significantly expediting their design and development process.
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20220067。
文摘With the support of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology and computing power networks,the existing intersection traffic order is expected to benefit from efficiency improvements and energy savings by new schemes such as de-signalization.How to effectively manage autonomous vehicles for traffic control with high throughput at unsignalized intersections while ensuring safety has been a research hotspot.This paper proposes a collision-free autonomous vehicle scheduling framework based on edge-cloud computing power networks for unsignalized intersections where the lanes entering the intersections are undirectional,and designs an efficient communication system and protocol.First,by analyzing the collision point occupation time,this paper formulates an absolute value programming problem.Second,this problem is solved with low complexity by the Edge Intelligence Optimal Entry Time(EI-OET)algorithm based on edge-cloud computing power support.Then,the communication system and protocol are designed for the proposed scheduling scheme to realize efficient and low-latency vehicular communications.Finally,simulation experiments compare the proposed scheduling framework with directional and traditional traffic light scheduling mechanisms,and the experimental results demonstrate its high efficiency,low latency,and low complexity.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61601182)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2023MS113。
文摘In response to the requirements for large-scale device access and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication in the power internet of things,unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted multi-access edge computing can be used to realize flexible access to power services and update large amounts of information in a timely manner.By considering factors such as machine communication traffic,MAC competition access,and information freshness,this paper develops a cross-layer computing framework in which the peak Age of Information(Ao I)provides a statistical delay boundary in the finite blocklength regime.We also propose a deep machine learning-based multi-access edge computing offloading algorithm.First,a traffic arrival model is established in which the time interval follows the Beta distribution,and then a business service model is proposed based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance algorithm.The peak Ao I boundary performance of multiple access is evaluated according to stochastic network calculus theory.Finally,an unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted multilevel offloading model with cache is designed,in which the peak Ao I violation probability and energy consumption provide the optimization goals.The optimal offloading strategy is obtained using deep reinforcement learning.Compared with baseline schemes based on non-cooperative game theory with stochastic learning automata and random edge unloading,the proposed algorithm improves the overall performance by approximately 3.52%and 20.73%,respectively,and provides superior deterministic offloading performance by using the peak Ao I boundary.
