The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The I...The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The IAGR Convention attracted over 150 participants from various countries,including China,India,Australia,the Republic of Korea,Japan,Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand,Italy,Mexico,the United Kingdom,Saudi Arabia,France,and Brunei.展开更多
On April 30,the 22nd China Xiza ng Mountai neering Conventi on in 2025 comme need.As its flagship eve nt,the Luodui Peak Mountaineering Expedition took place from May 2 to 3 in Yangbajain Town of Lhasa,attracting more...On April 30,the 22nd China Xiza ng Mountai neering Conventi on in 2025 comme need.As its flagship eve nt,the Luodui Peak Mountaineering Expedition took place from May 2 to 3 in Yangbajain Town of Lhasa,attracting more than 160 mountain climbing enthusiasts from all over the country.展开更多
Climate change and biodiversity loss are intricately linked,and as the severity of these challenges intensifies,the need for a cohesive international response has become increasingly evident.Since 1992,South Korea has...Climate change and biodiversity loss are intricately linked,and as the severity of these challenges intensifies,the need for a cohesive international response has become increasingly evident.Since 1992,South Korea has developed relevant legal and institutional frameworks;however,its initiatives addressing biodiversity loss have received less recognition and prioritization compared to its efforts concerning climate change.In this context,this study aims to analyze the disparities in South Korea’s policy responses to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)and the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),while proposing an integrated policy direction.To achieve this,the study compares key policies related to both conventions by utilizing the OECD’s Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development(PCSD)indicators and evaluation criteria derived from previous research.Furthermore,the analysis incorporates variables identified in earlier studies,including legal enforceability,economic incentives,financial support,and industry participation,to enhance the depth of the analysis.Additionally,a review of international best practices was conducted to extract actionable insights for policy enhancement.The analysis reveals several challenges in biodiversity policies,including fragmented governance systems,low policy prioritization,weakened policy momentum,imbalanced financial support,and limited corporate awareness.Moreover,difficulties in quantitative evaluation hinder the verification of policy effectiveness due to the complex nature of biodiversity goals.This research aims to assess South Korea’s responsiveness in accordance with the integrated approach promoted by the international community.展开更多
Objective:The management of urethral stricture disease depends on the location,length of stricture,and associated urethral pathology.These parameters are obtained from preoperative imaging,with conventional urethrogra...Objective:The management of urethral stricture disease depends on the location,length of stricture,and associated urethral pathology.These parameters are obtained from preoperative imaging,with conventional urethrogram(retrograde urethrogram and micturating cystourethrogram[RGU/MCU])being the diagnostic tool of choice despite its many shortcomings.Sono-urethrogram(SUG)is an alternative that addresses most issues of RGU/MCU.Studies comparing RGU/MCU with SUG are limited.With the objective of comparing these two imaging modalities in the evaluation of urethral stricture disease,a prospective study was conducted.Methods:Fifty-six patients suspected of urethral stricture disease on clinical evaluation and confirmed either on RGU/MCU or urethro-cystoscopy were included in the study.SUG was performed by the experienced consultant radiologist who was blinded to the report of RGU/MCU.Findings of RGU/MCU and SUG were compared to intraoperative findings,which served as the reference standard.Results:The median length of the stricture determined intraoperatively was 16.5 mm,by RGU/MCU was 5.8 mm,and by SUG was 13.5 mm.The diagnostic accuracy for determination of the stricture location was 93%for RGU/MCU and 98%for SUG.SUG identified spongiofibrosis in 90%of patients with higher accuracy for the severe degree of spongiofibrosis.Conclusion:SUG has been shown to be more accurate than RGU/MCU in estimating stricture length(both short and intermediate)and localizing the stricture location.Use of SUG in conjunction with RGU/MCU helps in better guidance of stricture management by improving preoperative assessment.Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.展开更多
This paper considers the notions of common sense and interobjectivity to articulate an understanding of how different cultural realities give rise to different construals of scientific phenomena across distinct cultur...This paper considers the notions of common sense and interobjectivity to articulate an understanding of how different cultural realities give rise to different construals of scientific phenomena across distinct cultures. Our main focus in this paper is on the social sciences. We propose a quadrant of different cultural–scientific stances from which the study of social phenomena is possible, based on the emic–etic dimension pertaining to the study of culture from contrasting perspectives. Although the emic–etic distinction is normal y applied in fields within the science of culture, it is proposed here that the distinction is in some ways germane to scientific practice in general, making it amenable for use in a culture of science(CoS) programme. The four perspectives that emerge from the quadrant are illustrated using exemplars. Different aspects of CoS—that is, scientific practice, scientific conventions and representations of science—are then discussed in further detail, including in two tables illustrating points of convergence and divergence between the East and West when it comes to different aspects of CoS.展开更多
Objective and Background Early and accurate diagnosis of spinal infections,including spinal tuberculosis,is pivotal for effective treatment but remains challenging.This study aims to assess the diagnostic yield of met...Objective and Background Early and accurate diagnosis of spinal infections,including spinal tuberculosis,is pivotal for effective treatment but remains challenging.This study aims to assess the diagnostic yield of metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)compared with that of conventional microbiological tests(CMTs)in identifying pathogens associated with spinal pathologies,with a special focus on infections leading to surgical interventions.Methods We enrolled 85 patients who underwent spinal surgery,comprising 63 patients with clinically diagnosed spinal infections,including patients with spinal tuberculosis,and 22 patients with noninfectious spinal conditions.The procedures involved irrigation and debridement for persistent wound drainage,with subsequent DNA extraction from plasma and joint fluid for mNGS and CMT analysis.Results Significantly increased C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were observed in patients with infections.The mNGS approach showed greater diagnostic sensitivity(92.06%)for detecting pathogens,including Mycobacterium tuberculosis,than did CMTs(36.51%).Despite its low specificity,mNGS had considerable negative predictive value(70.59%),underscoring its utility in ruling out infections.Conclusions The mNGS offers superior sensitivity over CMTs in the diagnosis of a variety of spinal infections,notably spinal tuberculosis.This study highlights the potential of mNGS in enhancing the diagnosis of complex spinal infections,thereby informing targeted treatment strategies.展开更多
Pore pressure is a decisive measure to assess the reservoir’s geomechanical properties,ensures safe and efficient drilling operations,and optimizes reservoir characterization and production.The conventional approache...Pore pressure is a decisive measure to assess the reservoir’s geomechanical properties,ensures safe and efficient drilling operations,and optimizes reservoir characterization and production.The conventional approaches sometimes fail to comprehend complex and persistent relationships between pore pressure and formation properties in the heterogeneous reservoirs.This study presents a novel machine learning optimized pore pressure prediction method with a limited dataset,particularly in complex formations.The method addresses the conventional approach's limitations by leveraging its capability to learn complex data relationships.It integrates the best Gradient Boosting Regressor(GBR)algorithm to model pore pressure at wells and later utilizes ContinuousWavelet Transformation(CWT)of the seismic dataset for spatial analysis,and finally employs Deep Neural Network for robust and precise pore pressure modeling for the whole volume.In the second stage,for the spatial variations of pore pressure in the thin Khadro Formation sand reservoir across the entire subsurface area,a three-dimensional pore pressure prediction is conducted using CWT.The relationship between the CWT and geomechanical properties is then established through supervised machine learning models on well locations to predict the uncertainties in pore pressure.Among all intelligent regression techniques developed using petrophysical and elastic properties for pore pressure prediction,the GBR has provided exceptional results that have been validated by evaluation metrics based on the R^(2) score i.e.,0.91 between the calibrated and predicted pore pressure.Via the deep neural network,the relationship between CWT resultant traces and predicted pore pressure is established to analyze the spatial variation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt and effective hemostasis.Various endoscopic inter-ventions,including novel hemostatic powders(HP),over-th...BACKGROUND Non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt and effective hemostasis.Various endoscopic inter-ventions,including novel hemostatic powders(HP),over-the-scope clips(OTSC),and traditional approaches,have been employed to manage upper gastroin-testinal bleeding(UGIB).Despite advancements,comparative efficacy and safety of these modalities remain uncertain.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel hemostatic interventions compared to conventional endoscopic techniques for managing UGIB.METHODS Cochrane,MEDLINE,PubMed and Scopus libraries were searched for rando-mized controlled trials(RCTs)published up to October 2024.Only RCTs compa-ring novel interventions,such as HP or OTSC,with conventional endoscopic treatments computed tomography(CT)were included.The primary outcome was the 30-day rebleeding rate.Secondary outcomes included initial hemostasis,short-term rebleeding rates,need for salvage therapy(surgical/angiographic),30-day all-cause mortality,and bleeding-related mortality.We performed pairwise and network meta-analyses for all treatments.RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in this analysis.Regarding the 30-day rebleeding rate,OTSC and HP showed superior efficacy compared with CT[OTSC vs CT:Relative risk(RR):0.47,95%confidence interval(CI):0.33-0.65;HP vs CT:RR:0.73,95%CI:0.45-1.13],while OTSC and HP had comparable efficacy(RR:0.56,95%CI:0.30-1.05).OTSC ranked the highest in the network ranking estimate for this outcome.For the secondary outcomes,OTSC demonstrated superior efficacy for the short-term rebleeding rate(OTSC vs CT:RR:0.35,95%CI:0.14-0.74;HP vs CT:RR:0.62,95%CI:0.28-1.35;OTSC vs HP:RR:0.59,95%CI:0.17-1.67).Regarding the initial hemostasis rate,OTSC was slightly more effective than CT(OTSC vs CT:RR:1.20,95%CI:1.06-1.57)and comparable to HP(OTSC vs HP:RR:1.08,95%CI:0.89-1.40).There were no significant differences among treatments for all-cause mortality,bleeding-related mortality,or the necessity of surgical or angiographic salvage therapy.OTSC consistently ranked highest across most outcomes in the network ranking estimate.展开更多
Diaphragmatic function is central to respiration,and its evaluation is critical in intensive care unit(ICU)settings.Ultrasonography is a reliable bedside tool to assess diaphragmatic excursion(DE).[1,2]The conventiona...Diaphragmatic function is central to respiration,and its evaluation is critical in intensive care unit(ICU)settings.Ultrasonography is a reliable bedside tool to assess diaphragmatic excursion(DE).[1,2]The conventional M-mode(MM)offers high-resolution imaging but requires precise alignment,which can be diffi cult in ICU patients.[3-5]Anatomical M-mode(AMM)allows flexible line adjustment,enabling accurate DE measurements despite poor acoustic windows.[6]However,comparative data between MM and AMM are limited.This retrospective study evaluated the concordance between MM and AMM for assessing right DE.展开更多
BACKGROUND Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection(UEMR)has been shown to be a good treatment option for the management of nonpedunculated polyps≥10 mm since its introduction.However,there is a paucity of randomized ...BACKGROUND Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection(UEMR)has been shown to be a good treatment option for the management of nonpedunculated polyps≥10 mm since its introduction.However,there is a paucity of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in Asia.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of UEMR with those of conventional EMR(CEMR)in treating nonpedunculated colorectal lesions.METHODS We carried out this RCT at a tertiary hospital from October 2022 to July 2024.Patients with nonpedunculated colorectal neoplasms ranging from 10 mm to 30 mm in size were randomly assigned to either the UEMR or CEMR group.The primary outcome was the curative resection(R0)rate.The secondary outcomes included en bloc resection,procedure time,adverse events,and the number of clips used for defect closure.RESULTS A total of 260 patients with 260 lesions(130 in each UEMR and CEMR group)were recruited.The median age was 58(27-85)years,the male/female ratio was 1.74,and the median lesion size was 20(10-30 mm)mm.Compared with CEMR,UEMR was associated with a significantly greater curative resection(R0)rate(98.4%vs 90.3%;P=0.007),greater en bloc resection rate(100%vs 94.6%;P=0.014),shorter procedure time(65 vs 185 seconds;P<0.001),lower rate of bleeding complications(1.5%vs 10%;P=0.003),and fewer clips used(2 vs 3;P<0.001).No perforations were observed in either group.CONCLUSION Compared with CEMR,UEMR has a higher R0 rate,greater en bloc resection rate,shorter procedure time,fewer bleeding complications,and clips used in the management of nonpedunculated colorectal neoplasms.展开更多
This paper provides an overview of conventional geothermal systems and unconventional geothermal developments as a common reference is needed for discussions between energy professionals. Conventional geothermal syste...This paper provides an overview of conventional geothermal systems and unconventional geothermal developments as a common reference is needed for discussions between energy professionals. Conventional geothermal systems have the heat, permeability and fluid, requiring only drilling down to °C, normal heat flow or decaying radiogenic granite as heat sources, and used in district heating. Medium-temperature (MT) 100°C - 190°C, and high-temperature (HT) 190°C - 374°C resources are mostly at plate boundaries, with volcanic intrusive heat source, used mostly for electricity generation. Single well capacities are °C - 500°C) and a range of depths (1 m to 20 Km), but lack permeability or fluid, thus requiring stimulations for heat extraction by conduction. HVAC is 1 - 2 m deep and shallow geothermal down to 500 m in wells, both capturing °C, with °C are either advanced by geothermal developers at <7 Km depth (Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), drilling below brittle-ductile transition zones and under geothermal fields), or by the Oil & Gas industry (Advanced Geothermal Systems, heat recovery from hydrocarbon wells or reservoirs, Superhot Rock Geothermal, and millimeter-wave drilling down to 20 Km). Their primary aim is electricity generation, relying on closed-loops, but EGS uses fractures for heat exchange with earthquake risks during fracking. Unconventional approaches could be everywhere, with shallow geothermal already functional. The deeper and hotter unconventional alternatives are still experimental, overcoming costs and technological challenges to become fully commercial. Meanwhile, the conventional geothermal resources remain the most proven opportunities for investments and development.展开更多
China’s unconventional gas fields have a large number of low-productivity and low-efficiency wells, many of whichare located in remote and environmentally harsh mountainous areas. To address the long-term stable prod...China’s unconventional gas fields have a large number of low-productivity and low-efficiency wells, many of whichare located in remote and environmentally harsh mountainous areas. To address the long-term stable productionof these gas wells, plunger-lift technology plays an important role. In order to fully understand and accurately graspthe drainage and gas production mechanisms of plunger-lift, a mechanical model of plunger-liquid column uplift inthe plunger-lift process was established, focusing on conventional plunger-lift systems and representative wellboreconfigurations in the Linxing region. The operating casing pressure of the plunger-lift process and the calculationmethod for the maximum daily fluid production rate based on the work regime with the highest fluid recovery ratewere determined. For the first time, the critical flow rate method was proposed as a constraint for the maximumliquid-carrying capacity of the plunger-lift, and liquid-carrying capacity charts for conventional plunger-lift withdifferent casing sizes were developed. The results showed that for 23/8 casing plunger-lift, with a well depth ofshallower than 808 m, the maximum drainage rate was 33 m3/d;for 27/8 casing plunger-lift, with a well depth ofshallower than 742 m, the maximum drainage rate was 50.15 m3/d;for 31/2 casing plunger-lift, with a well depthof shallower than 560 m, the maximum drainage rate was 75.14 m3/d. This research provides a foundation for thescientific selection of plunger-lift technology and serves as a decision-making reference for developing reasonableplunger-lift work regimes.展开更多
The metal cutting process is accompanied by complex stress field,strain field,temperature field.The comprehensive effects of process parameters on chip morphology,cutting force,tool wear and residual stress are comple...The metal cutting process is accompanied by complex stress field,strain field,temperature field.The comprehensive effects of process parameters on chip morphology,cutting force,tool wear and residual stress are complex and inter-connected.Finite element method(FEM)is considered as an effective method to predict process variables and reveal microscopic physical phenomena in the cutting process.Therefore,the finite element(FE)simulation is used to research the conventional and micro scale cutting process,and the differences in the establishment of process variable FE simulation models are distinguished,thereby improving the accuracy of FE simulation.The reliability and effectiveness of FE simulation model largely depend on the accuracy of the simulation method,constitutive model,friction model,damage model in describing mesh element,the dynamic mechanical behavior of materials,the tool-chip-workpiece contact process and the chip formation mechanism.In this paper,the FE models of conventional and micro process variables are comprehensively and up-to-date reviewed for different materials and machining methods.The purpose is to establish a FE model that is more in line with the real cutting conditions,and to provide the possibility for optimizing the cutting process variables.The development direction of FE simulation of metal cutting process is discussed,which provides guidance for future cutting process modeling.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer surgery has advanced with minimally invasive techniques.This study compares outcomes between single-incision laparoscopic surgery plus one port(SILS+1)and conventional laparoscopic surgery(CL...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer surgery has advanced with minimally invasive techniques.This study compares outcomes between single-incision laparoscopic surgery plus one port(SILS+1)and conventional laparoscopic surgery(CLS)in treating gastric cancer.AIM To explore the curative effect of SILS+1 and CLS on gastric cancer and their influences on prognosis.METHODS A total of 93 patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed between September 2019 and September 2022.According to different surgical methods,they were divided into SILS+1 group(n=56)and CLS group(n=37).The perioperative indexes,pain degree[visual analogue scale(VAS)]and stress response[C-reactive protein(CRP),white blood cell count(WBC)]in the two groups were compared.The postoperative complications,recurrence rate and mortality at 1 year after surgery were recorded.RESULTS Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the SILS+1 group(76.53±8.12 mL)compared to the CLS group(108.67±12.34 mL,P<0.001),and the total incision length was also significantly shorter in the SILS+1 group(5.29±1.01 cm vs 9.45±2.34 cm,P<0.001).SILS+1 patients experienced faster recovery,with shorter times to first flatus(1.94±0.43 days vs 3.23±0.88 days,P<0.001)and ambulation(2.76±0.58 days vs 4.10±0.97 days,P<0.001).Postoperative pain,as measured by VAS scores,was significantly lower in the SILS+1 group on postoperative days 1,2,and 3(P<0.001).Additionally,stress markers(CRP and WBC)were significantly lower in the SILS+1 group on the first postoperative day(CRP:6.41±1.63 mg/L vs 7.82±1.88 mg/L,P<0.001;WBC:6.34±1.50×109/L vs 7.09±1.61×109/L,P=0.024).The complication rate in the SILS+1 group was also significantly lower than in the CLS group(8.93%vs 27.03%,P=0.020).However,there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between the two groups after one year(3.57%vs 8.11%,P>0.05).CONCLUSION SILS+1 and CLS have the comparable lymph node clearance effect in patients with gastric cancer.However,SILS+1 is more beneficial to reduce intraoperative blood loss,relieve pain,alleviate stress response,reduce the incidence of complications and promote rapid postoperative recovery.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical effect of a non-invasive ventilator combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)combined with respiratory failure.M...Objective:To explore the clinical effect of a non-invasive ventilator combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)combined with respiratory failure.Methods:68 patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure treated in our hospital from September 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group of 34 cases each.The control group received conventional symptomatic treatment,and the experimental group received non-invasive ventilator treatment based on the control group.The clinical effects,blood gas indicators(partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2)),partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_(2)),arterial oxygen saturation(SaO_(2))),lung function(forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),6 min walking distance),complications,and inflammatory factor levels(c-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR))of the two groups of patients were observed.Results:(1)The clinical efficacy of the patients in the experimental group(33/97.06%)was more significant as compared with the control group(25/73.53%)(P<0.05);(2)After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients in terms of FEV1,FEV1/FVC,6-minute walking distance,PaO_(2)and SaO_(2)all increased in the experimental group as compared to that of the control group(P<0.05);(3)After treatment,the PaCO_(2),CRP,IL-6,and NLR of the two groups of patients decreased,and the decrease in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);(4)The patients’complication rate in the experimental group(2/5.88%)was lower as compared to that of the control group(9/26.46%)(P<0.05).Conclusion:Non-invasive ventilators combined with conventional therapy achieved good clinical results in treating patients with COPD and respiratory failure.展开更多
Phospholipase C zeta(PLC)is a key sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor that triggers Ca^(2+)oscillations and the subsequent block to polyspermy following gamete fusion.Mutations in PLCZ1,the gene encoding PLCζ,cause ...Phospholipase C zeta(PLC)is a key sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor that triggers Ca^(2+)oscillations and the subsequent block to polyspermy following gamete fusion.Mutations in PLCZ1,the gene encoding PLCζ,cause male infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization failure;and PLCζ expression and localization patterns are significantly correlated with ICSI fertilization rate(FR).However,in conventional in vitro fertilization(cIVF),whether and how sperm PLCζ affects fertilization remain unclear.Herein,we identified one previously reported and two novel PLCZ1 mutations associated with polyspermy in vitro that are characterized by excessive sperm-zona binding and a delay in pronuclei(PN)formation.Immunofluorescence staining and oocyte activation testing revealed that virtually all spermatozoa from patients lacked functional PLCζ and were thus unable to evoke Ca^(2+) oscillations.ICSI with an artificial oocyte activation treatment successfully rescued the polyspermic phenotype and resulted in a live birth.Furthermore,we analyzed PLCζ in an additional 58 males after cIVF treatment in the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CiTiC-Xiangya(Changsha,China)between February 2019 and January 2022.We found that the proportion of spermatozoa that expressed PLCζ was positively correlated with both 2PN rate and total FR.The optimal cutoff value below which males were likely to experience low FR(total FR≤30%)after clVF was 56.7%for the proportion of spermatozoa expressing PLC5.Our study expands the mutation and the phenotypic spectrum of PLCZ1 and further suggests that PLCζ constitutes a promising biomarker for identifying low FRs cases in cIVF due to sperm-related oocyte activation deficiency and that sperm PLCζ analysis may benefit the widermale population and not onlymen with IcsI failure.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate(NGH)is generally produced and accumulated together with the underlying conventional gas.Therefore,optimizing the production technology of these two gases should be seen as a relevant way to effecti...Natural gas hydrate(NGH)is generally produced and accumulated together with the underlying conventional gas.Therefore,optimizing the production technology of these two gases should be seen as a relevant way to effectively reduce the exploitation cost of the gas hydrate.In this study,three types of models accounting for the coexistence of these gases are considered.Type A considers the upper hydrate-bearing layer(HBL)adjacent to the lower conventional gas layer(CGL);with the Type B a permeable interlayer exists between the upper HBL and the lower CGL;with the type C there is an impermeable interlayer between the upper HBL and the lower CGL.The production performances associated with the above three models are calculated under different conditions,including only a depressurized HBL(only HBL DP);only a depressurized CGL(only CGL DP);and both the HBL and the CGL being depressurized(HBL+CGL DP).The results show that for Type A and Type B coexistence accumulation models,when only HBL or CGL is depressurized,the gas from the other layer will flow into the production layer due to the pressure difference between the two layers.In the coexistence accumulation model of type C,the cumulative gas production is much lower than that of Type A and Type B,regardless of whether only HBL DP,only CGL DP,or HBL+CGL DP are considered.This indicates that the impermeable interlayer restricts the cross-flow of gas between HBL and CGL.For three different coexistence accumulation models,CGL DP has the largest gas-to-water ratio.展开更多
Conventional agricultural techniques have been degrading American soils nationwide since the beginnings of modern-day agriculture through practices such as soil tilling, using nitrogen synthetic fertilizers, and monoc...Conventional agricultural techniques have been degrading American soils nationwide since the beginnings of modern-day agriculture through practices such as soil tilling, using nitrogen synthetic fertilizers, and monocultural systems. These techniques contribute to degrading soil health, mass emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and decreased biodiversity. Regenerative agriculture techniques include the utilization of cover crops, compost, no-tillage, the integration of livestock, and crop rotation. The APS Laboratory for Sustainable Agriculture focused on the effectiveness of compost by comparing the growth of lettuce in four different treatments: 100% Compost (100%C), 75% Compost 25% Miracle-Gro (75%C - 25%MG), 50% Compost 50% Miracle-Gro (50%C - 50%MG), and finally, 100% Miracle-Gro (100%MG). The lettuce seeds were kept in a growth tent for fifteen days during their period of germination before being transferred to four 1 × 1 × 0.15 m plots in the Food Forest at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) for the 60-day growth period. The lettuce crops grew to full bloom and were ready for harvest. Sampling events took place every six days in which crop growth data including wet weight (g), dry weight (g), nitrogen (mg/g), chlorophyll concentration (mg/cm2), and leaf area (LA) (cm2) were collected. Statistical analysis was then conducted from the data. Based on the statistical tests conducted at the 5% significance level using R statistical software, soil treatment type was found to be significant (p = 0.0002). Soil treatment type was shown to have significantly impacted wet weight (p χ2 [3] = 3.91, p = 0.2717). 100%C and 100%MG of soil treatments produced the most successful lettuce crops. The 100%C soil treatment yielded lettuce crops with the heaviest wet weights and the largest LAs, and the 100% MG soil treatment yielded the heaviest dry weights and the highest nitrogen readings. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of using compost as a technique for regenerative agriculture.展开更多
Introduction: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children. It is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. A late presentation modifies and makes difficult the management affecting the s...Introduction: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children. It is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. A late presentation modifies and makes difficult the management affecting the survival of children. We report the case of a large conventional osteosarcoma in a 13-year-old girl. Case Presentation: Adolescent girl admitted for painful swelling of the left shoulder with absolute functional impotence of the thoracic limb and severe anemia. The painful swelling was thought to have been caused by a minor trauma that had occurred six months previously. The patient’s general condition was poor, and she presented with a large, shiny, painful mass over the shoulder and upper 2/3 of the left arm, measuring 28 cm long by 28 cm wide and 57 cm in circumference, and a large fistulous axillary adenopathy. CT scan showed a tumour lesion of the left humerus with liver and lung metastases, raising suspicion of osteogenic osteosarcoma. The tumor was classified according to TNM staging: T2N1M1(a + b). Management was modified when uncontrolled bleeding developed. It consisted of an extended amputation of the left thoracic limb. Pathological analysis showed a high-grade conventional osteosarcoma. Quality improvement was obtained for thirty days, followed by the onset of dyspnea. The evolution was towards death at forty days post-operatively. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer. Delayed treatment leads to a fatal outcome. Early diagnosis is one of the challenges to be met in order to improve survival.展开更多
Objective: Postoperative pain (POP) following abdominal surgery can vary from a few hours to several days. This acute, unrelieved pain can become chronic, requiring patients to take analgesics on an almost daily basis...Objective: Postoperative pain (POP) following abdominal surgery can vary from a few hours to several days. This acute, unrelieved pain can become chronic, requiring patients to take analgesics on an almost daily basis for comfort. Analgesia using general opioids has many side effects and intrathecal morphine is a good alternative. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine (ITM) versus conventional analgesia in the management of postoperative pain in colectomy performed by laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Cohort study conducted at the Hôpital Nord in Marseille, from 01 January to 31 July 2021 in patients aged at least 18 years undergoing anaesthesia for scheduled colectomy by laparoscopic surgery. The primary endpoint was postoperative pain intensity and the secondary endpoints were morphine consumption, treatment side effects and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using XLSTAT software. Results: We included 193 patients: 131 in the control group (conventional analgesia) and 62 in the ITM group. We observed: a significant decrease in pain (assessed by numerical scale) in favour of the ITM group in the post-anaesthetic care room, i.e. 3 (±4) vs 1 (±2), p 0 and H2: 2 (±2) vs. 1 (±2);p Conclusion: These results suggest that intrathecal morphine (ITM) in laparoscopic colectomy provides effective postoperative analgesia with low morphine consumption, and a reduction in morphine side-effects compared with conventional analgesia.展开更多
文摘The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The IAGR Convention attracted over 150 participants from various countries,including China,India,Australia,the Republic of Korea,Japan,Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand,Italy,Mexico,the United Kingdom,Saudi Arabia,France,and Brunei.
文摘On April 30,the 22nd China Xiza ng Mountai neering Conventi on in 2025 comme need.As its flagship eve nt,the Luodui Peak Mountaineering Expedition took place from May 2 to 3 in Yangbajain Town of Lhasa,attracting more than 160 mountain climbing enthusiasts from all over the country.
基金supported by the Carbon Neutrality,a specialized program of the Graduate School through the Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)funded by Ministriy of Environment(MOE,Korea).
文摘Climate change and biodiversity loss are intricately linked,and as the severity of these challenges intensifies,the need for a cohesive international response has become increasingly evident.Since 1992,South Korea has developed relevant legal and institutional frameworks;however,its initiatives addressing biodiversity loss have received less recognition and prioritization compared to its efforts concerning climate change.In this context,this study aims to analyze the disparities in South Korea’s policy responses to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)and the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),while proposing an integrated policy direction.To achieve this,the study compares key policies related to both conventions by utilizing the OECD’s Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development(PCSD)indicators and evaluation criteria derived from previous research.Furthermore,the analysis incorporates variables identified in earlier studies,including legal enforceability,economic incentives,financial support,and industry participation,to enhance the depth of the analysis.Additionally,a review of international best practices was conducted to extract actionable insights for policy enhancement.The analysis reveals several challenges in biodiversity policies,including fragmented governance systems,low policy prioritization,weakened policy momentum,imbalanced financial support,and limited corporate awareness.Moreover,difficulties in quantitative evaluation hinder the verification of policy effectiveness due to the complex nature of biodiversity goals.This research aims to assess South Korea’s responsiveness in accordance with the integrated approach promoted by the international community.
文摘Objective:The management of urethral stricture disease depends on the location,length of stricture,and associated urethral pathology.These parameters are obtained from preoperative imaging,with conventional urethrogram(retrograde urethrogram and micturating cystourethrogram[RGU/MCU])being the diagnostic tool of choice despite its many shortcomings.Sono-urethrogram(SUG)is an alternative that addresses most issues of RGU/MCU.Studies comparing RGU/MCU with SUG are limited.With the objective of comparing these two imaging modalities in the evaluation of urethral stricture disease,a prospective study was conducted.Methods:Fifty-six patients suspected of urethral stricture disease on clinical evaluation and confirmed either on RGU/MCU or urethro-cystoscopy were included in the study.SUG was performed by the experienced consultant radiologist who was blinded to the report of RGU/MCU.Findings of RGU/MCU and SUG were compared to intraoperative findings,which served as the reference standard.Results:The median length of the stricture determined intraoperatively was 16.5 mm,by RGU/MCU was 5.8 mm,and by SUG was 13.5 mm.The diagnostic accuracy for determination of the stricture location was 93%for RGU/MCU and 98%for SUG.SUG identified spongiofibrosis in 90%of patients with higher accuracy for the severe degree of spongiofibrosis.Conclusion:SUG has been shown to be more accurate than RGU/MCU in estimating stricture length(both short and intermediate)and localizing the stricture location.Use of SUG in conjunction with RGU/MCU helps in better guidance of stricture management by improving preoperative assessment.Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
文摘This paper considers the notions of common sense and interobjectivity to articulate an understanding of how different cultural realities give rise to different construals of scientific phenomena across distinct cultures. Our main focus in this paper is on the social sciences. We propose a quadrant of different cultural–scientific stances from which the study of social phenomena is possible, based on the emic–etic dimension pertaining to the study of culture from contrasting perspectives. Although the emic–etic distinction is normal y applied in fields within the science of culture, it is proposed here that the distinction is in some ways germane to scientific practice in general, making it amenable for use in a culture of science(CoS) programme. The four perspectives that emerge from the quadrant are illustrated using exemplars. Different aspects of CoS—that is, scientific practice, scientific conventions and representations of science—are then discussed in further detail, including in two tables illustrating points of convergence and divergence between the East and West when it comes to different aspects of CoS.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023AFB646)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan(No.2023020201010155)Educational Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2022135).
文摘Objective and Background Early and accurate diagnosis of spinal infections,including spinal tuberculosis,is pivotal for effective treatment but remains challenging.This study aims to assess the diagnostic yield of metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)compared with that of conventional microbiological tests(CMTs)in identifying pathogens associated with spinal pathologies,with a special focus on infections leading to surgical interventions.Methods We enrolled 85 patients who underwent spinal surgery,comprising 63 patients with clinically diagnosed spinal infections,including patients with spinal tuberculosis,and 22 patients with noninfectious spinal conditions.The procedures involved irrigation and debridement for persistent wound drainage,with subsequent DNA extraction from plasma and joint fluid for mNGS and CMT analysis.Results Significantly increased C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were observed in patients with infections.The mNGS approach showed greater diagnostic sensitivity(92.06%)for detecting pathogens,including Mycobacterium tuberculosis,than did CMTs(36.51%).Despite its low specificity,mNGS had considerable negative predictive value(70.59%),underscoring its utility in ruling out infections.Conclusions The mNGS offers superior sensitivity over CMTs in the diagnosis of a variety of spinal infections,notably spinal tuberculosis.This study highlights the potential of mNGS in enhancing the diagnosis of complex spinal infections,thereby informing targeted treatment strategies.
基金funded by the Basic Science Centre Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72088101)supported by the Higher Education Commission,Pakistan(Grant No.20-14925/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021-2021)+1 种基金the Researchers Supporting Project Number(Grant No.RSP2025R351)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,for funding this research article.
文摘Pore pressure is a decisive measure to assess the reservoir’s geomechanical properties,ensures safe and efficient drilling operations,and optimizes reservoir characterization and production.The conventional approaches sometimes fail to comprehend complex and persistent relationships between pore pressure and formation properties in the heterogeneous reservoirs.This study presents a novel machine learning optimized pore pressure prediction method with a limited dataset,particularly in complex formations.The method addresses the conventional approach's limitations by leveraging its capability to learn complex data relationships.It integrates the best Gradient Boosting Regressor(GBR)algorithm to model pore pressure at wells and later utilizes ContinuousWavelet Transformation(CWT)of the seismic dataset for spatial analysis,and finally employs Deep Neural Network for robust and precise pore pressure modeling for the whole volume.In the second stage,for the spatial variations of pore pressure in the thin Khadro Formation sand reservoir across the entire subsurface area,a three-dimensional pore pressure prediction is conducted using CWT.The relationship between the CWT and geomechanical properties is then established through supervised machine learning models on well locations to predict the uncertainties in pore pressure.Among all intelligent regression techniques developed using petrophysical and elastic properties for pore pressure prediction,the GBR has provided exceptional results that have been validated by evaluation metrics based on the R^(2) score i.e.,0.91 between the calibrated and predicted pore pressure.Via the deep neural network,the relationship between CWT resultant traces and predicted pore pressure is established to analyze the spatial variation.
文摘BACKGROUND Non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt and effective hemostasis.Various endoscopic inter-ventions,including novel hemostatic powders(HP),over-the-scope clips(OTSC),and traditional approaches,have been employed to manage upper gastroin-testinal bleeding(UGIB).Despite advancements,comparative efficacy and safety of these modalities remain uncertain.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel hemostatic interventions compared to conventional endoscopic techniques for managing UGIB.METHODS Cochrane,MEDLINE,PubMed and Scopus libraries were searched for rando-mized controlled trials(RCTs)published up to October 2024.Only RCTs compa-ring novel interventions,such as HP or OTSC,with conventional endoscopic treatments computed tomography(CT)were included.The primary outcome was the 30-day rebleeding rate.Secondary outcomes included initial hemostasis,short-term rebleeding rates,need for salvage therapy(surgical/angiographic),30-day all-cause mortality,and bleeding-related mortality.We performed pairwise and network meta-analyses for all treatments.RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in this analysis.Regarding the 30-day rebleeding rate,OTSC and HP showed superior efficacy compared with CT[OTSC vs CT:Relative risk(RR):0.47,95%confidence interval(CI):0.33-0.65;HP vs CT:RR:0.73,95%CI:0.45-1.13],while OTSC and HP had comparable efficacy(RR:0.56,95%CI:0.30-1.05).OTSC ranked the highest in the network ranking estimate for this outcome.For the secondary outcomes,OTSC demonstrated superior efficacy for the short-term rebleeding rate(OTSC vs CT:RR:0.35,95%CI:0.14-0.74;HP vs CT:RR:0.62,95%CI:0.28-1.35;OTSC vs HP:RR:0.59,95%CI:0.17-1.67).Regarding the initial hemostasis rate,OTSC was slightly more effective than CT(OTSC vs CT:RR:1.20,95%CI:1.06-1.57)and comparable to HP(OTSC vs HP:RR:1.08,95%CI:0.89-1.40).There were no significant differences among treatments for all-cause mortality,bleeding-related mortality,or the necessity of surgical or angiographic salvage therapy.OTSC consistently ranked highest across most outcomes in the network ranking estimate.
文摘Diaphragmatic function is central to respiration,and its evaluation is critical in intensive care unit(ICU)settings.Ultrasonography is a reliable bedside tool to assess diaphragmatic excursion(DE).[1,2]The conventional M-mode(MM)offers high-resolution imaging but requires precise alignment,which can be diffi cult in ICU patients.[3-5]Anatomical M-mode(AMM)allows flexible line adjustment,enabling accurate DE measurements despite poor acoustic windows.[6]However,comparative data between MM and AMM are limited.This retrospective study evaluated the concordance between MM and AMM for assessing right DE.
文摘BACKGROUND Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection(UEMR)has been shown to be a good treatment option for the management of nonpedunculated polyps≥10 mm since its introduction.However,there is a paucity of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in Asia.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of UEMR with those of conventional EMR(CEMR)in treating nonpedunculated colorectal lesions.METHODS We carried out this RCT at a tertiary hospital from October 2022 to July 2024.Patients with nonpedunculated colorectal neoplasms ranging from 10 mm to 30 mm in size were randomly assigned to either the UEMR or CEMR group.The primary outcome was the curative resection(R0)rate.The secondary outcomes included en bloc resection,procedure time,adverse events,and the number of clips used for defect closure.RESULTS A total of 260 patients with 260 lesions(130 in each UEMR and CEMR group)were recruited.The median age was 58(27-85)years,the male/female ratio was 1.74,and the median lesion size was 20(10-30 mm)mm.Compared with CEMR,UEMR was associated with a significantly greater curative resection(R0)rate(98.4%vs 90.3%;P=0.007),greater en bloc resection rate(100%vs 94.6%;P=0.014),shorter procedure time(65 vs 185 seconds;P<0.001),lower rate of bleeding complications(1.5%vs 10%;P=0.003),and fewer clips used(2 vs 3;P<0.001).No perforations were observed in either group.CONCLUSION Compared with CEMR,UEMR has a higher R0 rate,greater en bloc resection rate,shorter procedure time,fewer bleeding complications,and clips used in the management of nonpedunculated colorectal neoplasms.
文摘This paper provides an overview of conventional geothermal systems and unconventional geothermal developments as a common reference is needed for discussions between energy professionals. Conventional geothermal systems have the heat, permeability and fluid, requiring only drilling down to °C, normal heat flow or decaying radiogenic granite as heat sources, and used in district heating. Medium-temperature (MT) 100°C - 190°C, and high-temperature (HT) 190°C - 374°C resources are mostly at plate boundaries, with volcanic intrusive heat source, used mostly for electricity generation. Single well capacities are °C - 500°C) and a range of depths (1 m to 20 Km), but lack permeability or fluid, thus requiring stimulations for heat extraction by conduction. HVAC is 1 - 2 m deep and shallow geothermal down to 500 m in wells, both capturing °C, with °C are either advanced by geothermal developers at <7 Km depth (Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), drilling below brittle-ductile transition zones and under geothermal fields), or by the Oil & Gas industry (Advanced Geothermal Systems, heat recovery from hydrocarbon wells or reservoirs, Superhot Rock Geothermal, and millimeter-wave drilling down to 20 Km). Their primary aim is electricity generation, relying on closed-loops, but EGS uses fractures for heat exchange with earthquake risks during fracking. Unconventional approaches could be everywhere, with shallow geothermal already functional. The deeper and hotter unconventional alternatives are still experimental, overcoming costs and technological challenges to become fully commercial. Meanwhile, the conventional geothermal resources remain the most proven opportunities for investments and development.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.20CX02308A)CNOOC Project(No.ZX2022ZCCYF3835).
文摘China’s unconventional gas fields have a large number of low-productivity and low-efficiency wells, many of whichare located in remote and environmentally harsh mountainous areas. To address the long-term stable productionof these gas wells, plunger-lift technology plays an important role. In order to fully understand and accurately graspthe drainage and gas production mechanisms of plunger-lift, a mechanical model of plunger-liquid column uplift inthe plunger-lift process was established, focusing on conventional plunger-lift systems and representative wellboreconfigurations in the Linxing region. The operating casing pressure of the plunger-lift process and the calculationmethod for the maximum daily fluid production rate based on the work regime with the highest fluid recovery ratewere determined. For the first time, the critical flow rate method was proposed as a constraint for the maximumliquid-carrying capacity of the plunger-lift, and liquid-carrying capacity charts for conventional plunger-lift withdifferent casing sizes were developed. The results showed that for 23/8 casing plunger-lift, with a well depth ofshallower than 808 m, the maximum drainage rate was 33 m3/d;for 27/8 casing plunger-lift, with a well depth ofshallower than 742 m, the maximum drainage rate was 50.15 m3/d;for 31/2 casing plunger-lift, with a well depthof shallower than 560 m, the maximum drainage rate was 75.14 m3/d. This research provides a foundation for thescientific selection of plunger-lift technology and serves as a decision-making reference for developing reasonableplunger-lift work regimes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175393)。
文摘The metal cutting process is accompanied by complex stress field,strain field,temperature field.The comprehensive effects of process parameters on chip morphology,cutting force,tool wear and residual stress are complex and inter-connected.Finite element method(FEM)is considered as an effective method to predict process variables and reveal microscopic physical phenomena in the cutting process.Therefore,the finite element(FE)simulation is used to research the conventional and micro scale cutting process,and the differences in the establishment of process variable FE simulation models are distinguished,thereby improving the accuracy of FE simulation.The reliability and effectiveness of FE simulation model largely depend on the accuracy of the simulation method,constitutive model,friction model,damage model in describing mesh element,the dynamic mechanical behavior of materials,the tool-chip-workpiece contact process and the chip formation mechanism.In this paper,the FE models of conventional and micro process variables are comprehensively and up-to-date reviewed for different materials and machining methods.The purpose is to establish a FE model that is more in line with the real cutting conditions,and to provide the possibility for optimizing the cutting process variables.The development direction of FE simulation of metal cutting process is discussed,which provides guidance for future cutting process modeling.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer surgery has advanced with minimally invasive techniques.This study compares outcomes between single-incision laparoscopic surgery plus one port(SILS+1)and conventional laparoscopic surgery(CLS)in treating gastric cancer.AIM To explore the curative effect of SILS+1 and CLS on gastric cancer and their influences on prognosis.METHODS A total of 93 patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed between September 2019 and September 2022.According to different surgical methods,they were divided into SILS+1 group(n=56)and CLS group(n=37).The perioperative indexes,pain degree[visual analogue scale(VAS)]and stress response[C-reactive protein(CRP),white blood cell count(WBC)]in the two groups were compared.The postoperative complications,recurrence rate and mortality at 1 year after surgery were recorded.RESULTS Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the SILS+1 group(76.53±8.12 mL)compared to the CLS group(108.67±12.34 mL,P<0.001),and the total incision length was also significantly shorter in the SILS+1 group(5.29±1.01 cm vs 9.45±2.34 cm,P<0.001).SILS+1 patients experienced faster recovery,with shorter times to first flatus(1.94±0.43 days vs 3.23±0.88 days,P<0.001)and ambulation(2.76±0.58 days vs 4.10±0.97 days,P<0.001).Postoperative pain,as measured by VAS scores,was significantly lower in the SILS+1 group on postoperative days 1,2,and 3(P<0.001).Additionally,stress markers(CRP and WBC)were significantly lower in the SILS+1 group on the first postoperative day(CRP:6.41±1.63 mg/L vs 7.82±1.88 mg/L,P<0.001;WBC:6.34±1.50×109/L vs 7.09±1.61×109/L,P=0.024).The complication rate in the SILS+1 group was also significantly lower than in the CLS group(8.93%vs 27.03%,P=0.020).However,there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between the two groups after one year(3.57%vs 8.11%,P>0.05).CONCLUSION SILS+1 and CLS have the comparable lymph node clearance effect in patients with gastric cancer.However,SILS+1 is more beneficial to reduce intraoperative blood loss,relieve pain,alleviate stress response,reduce the incidence of complications and promote rapid postoperative recovery.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical effect of a non-invasive ventilator combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)combined with respiratory failure.Methods:68 patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure treated in our hospital from September 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group of 34 cases each.The control group received conventional symptomatic treatment,and the experimental group received non-invasive ventilator treatment based on the control group.The clinical effects,blood gas indicators(partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2)),partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_(2)),arterial oxygen saturation(SaO_(2))),lung function(forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),6 min walking distance),complications,and inflammatory factor levels(c-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR))of the two groups of patients were observed.Results:(1)The clinical efficacy of the patients in the experimental group(33/97.06%)was more significant as compared with the control group(25/73.53%)(P<0.05);(2)After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients in terms of FEV1,FEV1/FVC,6-minute walking distance,PaO_(2)and SaO_(2)all increased in the experimental group as compared to that of the control group(P<0.05);(3)After treatment,the PaCO_(2),CRP,IL-6,and NLR of the two groups of patients decreased,and the decrease in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);(4)The patients’complication rate in the experimental group(2/5.88%)was lower as compared to that of the control group(9/26.46%)(P<0.05).Conclusion:Non-invasive ventilators combined with conventional therapy achieved good clinical results in treating patients with COPD and respiratory failure.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81901553 to CD)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2021JJ30461 to CD).
文摘Phospholipase C zeta(PLC)is a key sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor that triggers Ca^(2+)oscillations and the subsequent block to polyspermy following gamete fusion.Mutations in PLCZ1,the gene encoding PLCζ,cause male infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization failure;and PLCζ expression and localization patterns are significantly correlated with ICSI fertilization rate(FR).However,in conventional in vitro fertilization(cIVF),whether and how sperm PLCζ affects fertilization remain unclear.Herein,we identified one previously reported and two novel PLCZ1 mutations associated with polyspermy in vitro that are characterized by excessive sperm-zona binding and a delay in pronuclei(PN)formation.Immunofluorescence staining and oocyte activation testing revealed that virtually all spermatozoa from patients lacked functional PLCζ and were thus unable to evoke Ca^(2+) oscillations.ICSI with an artificial oocyte activation treatment successfully rescued the polyspermic phenotype and resulted in a live birth.Furthermore,we analyzed PLCζ in an additional 58 males after cIVF treatment in the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CiTiC-Xiangya(Changsha,China)between February 2019 and January 2022.We found that the proportion of spermatozoa that expressed PLCζ was positively correlated with both 2PN rate and total FR.The optimal cutoff value below which males were likely to experience low FR(total FR≤30%)after clVF was 56.7%for the proportion of spermatozoa expressing PLC5.Our study expands the mutation and the phenotypic spectrum of PLCZ1 and further suggests that PLCζ constitutes a promising biomarker for identifying low FRs cases in cIVF due to sperm-related oocyte activation deficiency and that sperm PLCζ analysis may benefit the widermale population and not onlymen with IcsI failure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52074334,51991365)the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2800903),which are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Natural gas hydrate(NGH)is generally produced and accumulated together with the underlying conventional gas.Therefore,optimizing the production technology of these two gases should be seen as a relevant way to effectively reduce the exploitation cost of the gas hydrate.In this study,three types of models accounting for the coexistence of these gases are considered.Type A considers the upper hydrate-bearing layer(HBL)adjacent to the lower conventional gas layer(CGL);with the Type B a permeable interlayer exists between the upper HBL and the lower CGL;with the type C there is an impermeable interlayer between the upper HBL and the lower CGL.The production performances associated with the above three models are calculated under different conditions,including only a depressurized HBL(only HBL DP);only a depressurized CGL(only CGL DP);and both the HBL and the CGL being depressurized(HBL+CGL DP).The results show that for Type A and Type B coexistence accumulation models,when only HBL or CGL is depressurized,the gas from the other layer will flow into the production layer due to the pressure difference between the two layers.In the coexistence accumulation model of type C,the cumulative gas production is much lower than that of Type A and Type B,regardless of whether only HBL DP,only CGL DP,or HBL+CGL DP are considered.This indicates that the impermeable interlayer restricts the cross-flow of gas between HBL and CGL.For three different coexistence accumulation models,CGL DP has the largest gas-to-water ratio.
文摘Conventional agricultural techniques have been degrading American soils nationwide since the beginnings of modern-day agriculture through practices such as soil tilling, using nitrogen synthetic fertilizers, and monocultural systems. These techniques contribute to degrading soil health, mass emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and decreased biodiversity. Regenerative agriculture techniques include the utilization of cover crops, compost, no-tillage, the integration of livestock, and crop rotation. The APS Laboratory for Sustainable Agriculture focused on the effectiveness of compost by comparing the growth of lettuce in four different treatments: 100% Compost (100%C), 75% Compost 25% Miracle-Gro (75%C - 25%MG), 50% Compost 50% Miracle-Gro (50%C - 50%MG), and finally, 100% Miracle-Gro (100%MG). The lettuce seeds were kept in a growth tent for fifteen days during their period of germination before being transferred to four 1 × 1 × 0.15 m plots in the Food Forest at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) for the 60-day growth period. The lettuce crops grew to full bloom and were ready for harvest. Sampling events took place every six days in which crop growth data including wet weight (g), dry weight (g), nitrogen (mg/g), chlorophyll concentration (mg/cm2), and leaf area (LA) (cm2) were collected. Statistical analysis was then conducted from the data. Based on the statistical tests conducted at the 5% significance level using R statistical software, soil treatment type was found to be significant (p = 0.0002). Soil treatment type was shown to have significantly impacted wet weight (p χ2 [3] = 3.91, p = 0.2717). 100%C and 100%MG of soil treatments produced the most successful lettuce crops. The 100%C soil treatment yielded lettuce crops with the heaviest wet weights and the largest LAs, and the 100% MG soil treatment yielded the heaviest dry weights and the highest nitrogen readings. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of using compost as a technique for regenerative agriculture.
文摘Introduction: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children. It is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. A late presentation modifies and makes difficult the management affecting the survival of children. We report the case of a large conventional osteosarcoma in a 13-year-old girl. Case Presentation: Adolescent girl admitted for painful swelling of the left shoulder with absolute functional impotence of the thoracic limb and severe anemia. The painful swelling was thought to have been caused by a minor trauma that had occurred six months previously. The patient’s general condition was poor, and she presented with a large, shiny, painful mass over the shoulder and upper 2/3 of the left arm, measuring 28 cm long by 28 cm wide and 57 cm in circumference, and a large fistulous axillary adenopathy. CT scan showed a tumour lesion of the left humerus with liver and lung metastases, raising suspicion of osteogenic osteosarcoma. The tumor was classified according to TNM staging: T2N1M1(a + b). Management was modified when uncontrolled bleeding developed. It consisted of an extended amputation of the left thoracic limb. Pathological analysis showed a high-grade conventional osteosarcoma. Quality improvement was obtained for thirty days, followed by the onset of dyspnea. The evolution was towards death at forty days post-operatively. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer. Delayed treatment leads to a fatal outcome. Early diagnosis is one of the challenges to be met in order to improve survival.
文摘Objective: Postoperative pain (POP) following abdominal surgery can vary from a few hours to several days. This acute, unrelieved pain can become chronic, requiring patients to take analgesics on an almost daily basis for comfort. Analgesia using general opioids has many side effects and intrathecal morphine is a good alternative. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine (ITM) versus conventional analgesia in the management of postoperative pain in colectomy performed by laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Cohort study conducted at the Hôpital Nord in Marseille, from 01 January to 31 July 2021 in patients aged at least 18 years undergoing anaesthesia for scheduled colectomy by laparoscopic surgery. The primary endpoint was postoperative pain intensity and the secondary endpoints were morphine consumption, treatment side effects and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using XLSTAT software. Results: We included 193 patients: 131 in the control group (conventional analgesia) and 62 in the ITM group. We observed: a significant decrease in pain (assessed by numerical scale) in favour of the ITM group in the post-anaesthetic care room, i.e. 3 (±4) vs 1 (±2), p 0 and H2: 2 (±2) vs. 1 (±2);p Conclusion: These results suggest that intrathecal morphine (ITM) in laparoscopic colectomy provides effective postoperative analgesia with low morphine consumption, and a reduction in morphine side-effects compared with conventional analgesia.
