The purpose, classification, required accuracy and surveying methods of control work for close range photogrammetry have been briefly stated. The different methods for definition of space, object coordinate system are...The purpose, classification, required accuracy and surveying methods of control work for close range photogrammetry have been briefly stated. The different methods for definition of space, object coordinate system are also reviewed. It is suggested that the habitu-ally-practised rotation angle system for aerophotogrammetry in China should be used for the future teaching and resaarching work in the close range photogrammetry, and that the rotation angle system for terrestrial deformation photogrammetry should be left out in order to avoid the confuse and reduce the amount of expanse for making softwares. It has been emphasized that there are three improtant aspects in the close range control work with high accurary using the conventional method of engineering surveying: the use of standard scale for measurement of distance between two general stations, the accurate determination of start direction line between two general stations and the handling method of influence of 2C change. A method for setting up industrial surveying control net with extra-high accuracy ±(0.05–0.20) mm is presented by the author. This kind of industrial control net is necessary for batch process of large industrial components with purposes of measurement, inspect and lofting. There are some special methods of control work in the close range photogrammetry, including two methods presented by the author.展开更多
While soils are as essential to human society as air and water,soil degradation has not received nearly as much attention as the threats to these other elements.On the map of water erosion of Europe,Southern Europe is...While soils are as essential to human society as air and water,soil degradation has not received nearly as much attention as the threats to these other elements.On the map of water erosion of Europe,Southern Europe is red"colored".Erosion in the Balkan countries,through both on and offsite effects is a major cause of soil and water degradation.This paper compares erosion control works in several countries from the Balkan region(Macedonia,Serbia,and Bulgaria).The basis for comparative analyses was various country reports as well as available published papers.Quantitative method-text analyze method was used for these study.Natural conditions in the Balkan countries contribute to the appearance of various erosion forms and the intensity of the erosion processes.Over the history of these countries,people who settled this region used the available natural resources to fill their needs(tree cutting,incorrect plugging,overgrazing),which contributed to soil erosion.Organized erosion control works in the Balkans started in the beginning of the 20th century(1905 in Bulgaria).The highest intensity of erosion control works were carried out during the period 1945-1990.Various erosion control works were launched.Bulgaria had a large anti-erosion afforestation,almost 1 million ha.Bulgaria's ecological river restoration approach has been in use for almost 50 years.Serbia contributed significant erosion and torrent control works on hilly agricultural areas.Specific screen barrages and afforestation on extremely dry areas are characteristic in Macedonia.A common characteristic for all countries is a high decrease in erosion control works in the last 20 years.展开更多
As device-to-device(D2D) communications usually reuses the resource of cellular networks, call admission control(CAC) and power control are crucial problems. However in most power control schemes, total data rates or ...As device-to-device(D2D) communications usually reuses the resource of cellular networks, call admission control(CAC) and power control are crucial problems. However in most power control schemes, total data rates or throughput are regarded as optimization criterion. In this paper, a combining call admission control(CAC) and power control scheme under guaranteeing QoS of every user equipment(UE) is proposed. First, a simple CAC scheme is introduced. Then based on the CAC scheme, a combining call admission control and power control scheme is proposed. Next, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated. Finally, maximum DUE pair number and average transmitting power is calculated. Simulation results show that D2 D communications with the proposed combining call admission control and power control scheme can effectively improve the maximum DUE pair number under the premise of meeting necessary QoS.展开更多
Maintenance and rehabilitation projects of interstate facilities typically mandate lane closures. Lane closures require merging maneuvers that often result in reduced speeds and traffic bottlenecks. Work zone impacts ...Maintenance and rehabilitation projects of interstate facilities typically mandate lane closures. Lane closures require merging maneuvers that often result in reduced speeds and traffic bottlenecks. Work zone impacts on traffic operations are magnified when project durations are extended. Conventionally, work zone traffic control plans are developed to address work zone impacts. This study evaluated various merge control strategies at interstate work zones peak and off-peak traffic conditions and summarized related impacts. A comprehensive microscopic simulation model was developed in full consideration of driver/vehicle behavior at work zones. The analysis of simulation results revealed that merge control strategies, when implemented during peak and off-peak conditions, can preserve the level of service and provide favorable mobility, safety, and environmental impacts. In addition, results indicate that transportation agencies’ practice of scheduling work zone activities during the off-peak may not be the most optimum approach. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the need for evaluation of work zone scheduling practices in full consideration of agency, user, and project costs.展开更多
This paper studies synchronization of all nodes in a fractional-order complex dynamic network. An adaptive control strategy for synchronizing a dynamic network is proposed. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, this...This paper studies synchronization of all nodes in a fractional-order complex dynamic network. An adaptive control strategy for synchronizing a dynamic network is proposed. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, this paper shows that tracking errors of all nodes in a fractional-order complex network converge to zero. This simple yet prac- tical scheme can be used in many networks such as small-world networks and scale-free networks. Unlike the existing methods which assume the coupling configuration among the nodes of the network with diffusivity, symmetry, balance, or irreducibility, in this case, these assumptions are unnecessary, and the proposed adaptive strategy is more feasible. Two examples are presented to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Objective In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） and work organization based on a case-control study. Methods A total of 1938 workers who claimed t...Objective In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） and work organization based on a case-control study. Methods A total of 1938 workers who claimed to suffer from WMSDs were selected from Beijing, Henan, Hubei, and the Guangdong province. The control group consisted of 2009 workers employed in similar industries without severe disease or musculoskeletal discomforts. We used a modified version of the questionnaire developed by the NMQ and the DMQ to investigate individual and work-related factors. Results A total of 13 variables（P〈0.1） were selected by the chi-square test and finally, 7 variables entered into the equation, with 6 variables reaching statistical significance（P〈0.05）. The odds ratios（OR） of ＇work changing with season＇ and ＇sufficient rest time＇ did not reach 1（0.749 and 0.441, respectively）. In addition, ＇sufficient rest time＇ seemed to be the stronger protective factor according to its higher standardized coefficient. And ＇repetitive work every minute＇, ＇constantly repetitive work＇（every day）, ＇shortage of site personnel＇, and ＇often switching shifts with others＇ seemed to be the risk factors. Conclusion Work organization may have comprehensive effects on the occurrence of WMSDs. This pattern of associations suggests that further investigation into the mechanism of how work organization affects the prevalence of WMSDs is required.展开更多
The difficult problem of automatically welding nipples onto the header is first analyzed in this paper, and then the overall structure and operating principle of the robot working unit are introduced. The robot and th...The difficult problem of automatically welding nipples onto the header is first analyzed in this paper, and then the overall structure and operating principle of the robot working unit are introduced. The robot and the measuring device are located by employing the traveling lorry, and this unit enables the robot to adjust the tracks according to the errors received from the measuring device, and then the nipples are welded properly. This paper emphases on the development of the master-slave control system, in which the prograrmmable Logic Controller (PLC) is used as the master computer.展开更多
The presence of highway construction zones hinders mobility and affects traffic operations. A 2002 study by Wunderlich & Hardesty reported that nearly 20% of the National Highway System roads have scheduled constr...The presence of highway construction zones hinders mobility and affects traffic operations. A 2002 study by Wunderlich & Hardesty reported that nearly 20% of the National Highway System roads have scheduled construction work during the peak construction season. Additionally, approximately 24% of non-recurring delays on freeways are caused by work zones. To minimize time lost by travelers due to work zone induced traffic congestion, it is important to efficiently plan temporary traffic control (TTC) at work zones. Earlier research conducted by Sisiopiku & Ramadan, 2017 confirms that the majority of State Departments of Transportation currently rely on their earlier experience when planning for work zones, rather than consider operational and safety impacts. Using a study corridor in Birmingham, Alabama as a test bed, this study investigated the operational impacts of TTC options for work zones with 3-to-1 lane drop configuration using traffic data collected from the Alabama Department of Transportation. The VISSIM simulation platform was used to conduct the experiments. The experimental design considered two TTC strategies (i.e., static late and early merge) under 3-to-1 lane drop configuration for work-space length of 500 ft for long- and short-term lane closures. The study concluded that the 3-to-1 lane-drop configuration should not be scheduled for long-term duration. Maintenance work can be scheduled from midnight to early morning and under the 3-to-1 lane closure scenario the performance of early and late merge traffic control is similar. Overall, this study used simulation modeling to compare the effectiveness of two traffic control strategies at work zones on the basis of different performance measures. The results provide information about the impact of each control strategy on density, speed, travel time etc. They also help determine what time of the day is best for lane closings in order to reduce adverse impacts from capacity reduction. Thus, the findings are expected to provide valuable guidance for agencies responsible for planning, design, and operations of work zones in the future.展开更多
This paper proposes robot position control using force information for cooperative work between two remote robot systems with force feedback in each of which a user operates a remote robot by using a haptic interface ...This paper proposes robot position control using force information for cooperative work between two remote robot systems with force feedback in each of which a user operates a remote robot by using a haptic interface device while observing work of the robot with a video camera. We also investigate the effect of the proposed control by experiment. As cooperative work, we deal with work in which two robots carry an object together. The robot position control using force information finely adjusts the position of the robot arm to reduce the force applied to the object. Thus, the purpose of the control is to avoid large force so that the object is not broken. In our experiment, we make a comparison among the following three cases in order to clarify how to carry out the control effectively. In the first case, the two robots are operated manually by a user with his/her both hands. In the second case, one robot is operated manually by a user, and the other robot is moved automatically under the proposed control. In the last case, the object is carried directly by a human instead of the robot which is operated by the user in the second case. As a result, experimental results demonstrate that the control can help each system operated manually by the user to carry the object smoothly.展开更多
A method of setting up a pressure-stroke characteristic of the working liquid in hydraulic drawing is studied. A pressure-stroke characteristic and software for controlling its forming process are also developed. An...A method of setting up a pressure-stroke characteristic of the working liquid in hydraulic drawing is studied. A pressure-stroke characteristic and software for controlling its forming process are also developed. And a set of pressure controlling devices with PLC as a central processor are designed. It can be got from the relevant experiments that the pressure-stroke characteristic is correct and its control for forming process is available.展开更多
The management of eating behavior plays an important role in health maintenance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between eating behavior and effortful control in female young adults. Participants compl...The management of eating behavior plays an important role in health maintenance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between eating behavior and effortful control in female young adults. Participants completed the questionnaire measures of effortful control and eating behaviors and Stroop cognitive interference task. The results showed that restrained eating was positively correlated with activation control;emotional eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory control and attentional control;external eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory, activation, and attentional control. The scores for activation control and restrained eating were higher for participants with a low Stroop error rate than for those with a high Stroop error rate. These results indicate that restrained eating has a different association with effortful control than doing emotional and external eating.展开更多
The plastic cement belongs to a sort of polymer material, the chemical composition is very complex, and the plastic cement work-piece is generally manufactured by die press forming. Aimed at being difficult to control...The plastic cement belongs to a sort of polymer material, the chemical composition is very complex, and the plastic cement work-piece is generally manufactured by die press forming. Aimed at being difficult to control in parameters of forming process, the paper explored the humanoid based intelligence control strategy. In the paper, it made the anatomy in control puzzle resulted in uncertainty such as chemical component of plastic cement etc., summarized up the characteristic of cybernetics in forming process, researched on the humanoid based intelligence control strategy, and constructed the control algorithm of forming process in plastic cement work-piece. Taking the process experiment of temperature and pressure control as an example, it validated the good dynamic and static control quality through simulation of control algorithm constructed in this paper. The experimental results show that the control algorithm explored in this paper is reasonably available.展开更多
This paper proposes a group synchronization control scheme with prediction in work using haptic media. The scheme adjusts the output timing among multiple terminals and keeps the interactivity high. It outputs positio...This paper proposes a group synchronization control scheme with prediction in work using haptic media. The scheme adjusts the output timing among multiple terminals and keeps the interactivity high. It outputs position information by predicting the future position later than the position included in the last-received information by a fixed amount of time. It also advances the output time of position information at each local terminal by the same amount of time. We deal with two different types of work using haptic media so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. We assess the output quality of haptic media for the two types of work subjectively and objectively by Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. We further clarify the relationship between subjective and objective assessment results.展开更多
文摘The purpose, classification, required accuracy and surveying methods of control work for close range photogrammetry have been briefly stated. The different methods for definition of space, object coordinate system are also reviewed. It is suggested that the habitu-ally-practised rotation angle system for aerophotogrammetry in China should be used for the future teaching and resaarching work in the close range photogrammetry, and that the rotation angle system for terrestrial deformation photogrammetry should be left out in order to avoid the confuse and reduce the amount of expanse for making softwares. It has been emphasized that there are three improtant aspects in the close range control work with high accurary using the conventional method of engineering surveying: the use of standard scale for measurement of distance between two general stations, the accurate determination of start direction line between two general stations and the handling method of influence of 2C change. A method for setting up industrial surveying control net with extra-high accuracy ±(0.05–0.20) mm is presented by the author. This kind of industrial control net is necessary for batch process of large industrial components with purposes of measurement, inspect and lofting. There are some special methods of control work in the close range photogrammetry, including two methods presented by the author.
文摘While soils are as essential to human society as air and water,soil degradation has not received nearly as much attention as the threats to these other elements.On the map of water erosion of Europe,Southern Europe is red"colored".Erosion in the Balkan countries,through both on and offsite effects is a major cause of soil and water degradation.This paper compares erosion control works in several countries from the Balkan region(Macedonia,Serbia,and Bulgaria).The basis for comparative analyses was various country reports as well as available published papers.Quantitative method-text analyze method was used for these study.Natural conditions in the Balkan countries contribute to the appearance of various erosion forms and the intensity of the erosion processes.Over the history of these countries,people who settled this region used the available natural resources to fill their needs(tree cutting,incorrect plugging,overgrazing),which contributed to soil erosion.Organized erosion control works in the Balkans started in the beginning of the 20th century(1905 in Bulgaria).The highest intensity of erosion control works were carried out during the period 1945-1990.Various erosion control works were launched.Bulgaria had a large anti-erosion afforestation,almost 1 million ha.Bulgaria's ecological river restoration approach has been in use for almost 50 years.Serbia contributed significant erosion and torrent control works on hilly agricultural areas.Specific screen barrages and afforestation on extremely dry areas are characteristic in Macedonia.A common characteristic for all countries is a high decrease in erosion control works in the last 20 years.
基金supported in part by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (61301110)Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, China [grant number IIPL-2014-005]+1 种基金the Project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Project of Jiangsu Overseas Research & Training Program for University Prominent Young & Middle-Aged Teachers and Presidents
文摘As device-to-device(D2D) communications usually reuses the resource of cellular networks, call admission control(CAC) and power control are crucial problems. However in most power control schemes, total data rates or throughput are regarded as optimization criterion. In this paper, a combining call admission control(CAC) and power control scheme under guaranteeing QoS of every user equipment(UE) is proposed. First, a simple CAC scheme is introduced. Then based on the CAC scheme, a combining call admission control and power control scheme is proposed. Next, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated. Finally, maximum DUE pair number and average transmitting power is calculated. Simulation results show that D2 D communications with the proposed combining call admission control and power control scheme can effectively improve the maximum DUE pair number under the premise of meeting necessary QoS.
文摘Maintenance and rehabilitation projects of interstate facilities typically mandate lane closures. Lane closures require merging maneuvers that often result in reduced speeds and traffic bottlenecks. Work zone impacts on traffic operations are magnified when project durations are extended. Conventionally, work zone traffic control plans are developed to address work zone impacts. This study evaluated various merge control strategies at interstate work zones peak and off-peak traffic conditions and summarized related impacts. A comprehensive microscopic simulation model was developed in full consideration of driver/vehicle behavior at work zones. The analysis of simulation results revealed that merge control strategies, when implemented during peak and off-peak conditions, can preserve the level of service and provide favorable mobility, safety, and environmental impacts. In addition, results indicate that transportation agencies’ practice of scheduling work zone activities during the off-peak may not be the most optimum approach. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the need for evaluation of work zone scheduling practices in full consideration of agency, user, and project costs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11672231 and11672233)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2016JM1010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3102017AX008)the Seed Foundation of Innovation and Creation for Graduate Students at the Northwestern Polytechnical University of China(No.Z2017187)
文摘This paper studies synchronization of all nodes in a fractional-order complex dynamic network. An adaptive control strategy for synchronizing a dynamic network is proposed. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, this paper shows that tracking errors of all nodes in a fractional-order complex network converge to zero. This simple yet prac- tical scheme can be used in many networks such as small-world networks and scale-free networks. Unlike the existing methods which assume the coupling configuration among the nodes of the network with diffusivity, symmetry, balance, or irreducibility, in this case, these assumptions are unnecessary, and the proposed adaptive strategy is more feasible. Two examples are presented to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the Research Fund from National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program of the People’s Republic of China(2014BAI12B03)Major Project of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology(PXM2014-178304-000002-00131228)
文摘Objective In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） and work organization based on a case-control study. Methods A total of 1938 workers who claimed to suffer from WMSDs were selected from Beijing, Henan, Hubei, and the Guangdong province. The control group consisted of 2009 workers employed in similar industries without severe disease or musculoskeletal discomforts. We used a modified version of the questionnaire developed by the NMQ and the DMQ to investigate individual and work-related factors. Results A total of 13 variables（P〈0.1） were selected by the chi-square test and finally, 7 variables entered into the equation, with 6 variables reaching statistical significance（P〈0.05）. The odds ratios（OR） of ＇work changing with season＇ and ＇sufficient rest time＇ did not reach 1（0.749 and 0.441, respectively）. In addition, ＇sufficient rest time＇ seemed to be the stronger protective factor according to its higher standardized coefficient. And ＇repetitive work every minute＇, ＇constantly repetitive work＇（every day）, ＇shortage of site personnel＇, and ＇often switching shifts with others＇ seemed to be the risk factors. Conclusion Work organization may have comprehensive effects on the occurrence of WMSDs. This pattern of associations suggests that further investigation into the mechanism of how work organization affects the prevalence of WMSDs is required.
文摘The difficult problem of automatically welding nipples onto the header is first analyzed in this paper, and then the overall structure and operating principle of the robot working unit are introduced. The robot and the measuring device are located by employing the traveling lorry, and this unit enables the robot to adjust the tracks according to the errors received from the measuring device, and then the nipples are welded properly. This paper emphases on the development of the master-slave control system, in which the prograrmmable Logic Controller (PLC) is used as the master computer.
文摘The presence of highway construction zones hinders mobility and affects traffic operations. A 2002 study by Wunderlich & Hardesty reported that nearly 20% of the National Highway System roads have scheduled construction work during the peak construction season. Additionally, approximately 24% of non-recurring delays on freeways are caused by work zones. To minimize time lost by travelers due to work zone induced traffic congestion, it is important to efficiently plan temporary traffic control (TTC) at work zones. Earlier research conducted by Sisiopiku & Ramadan, 2017 confirms that the majority of State Departments of Transportation currently rely on their earlier experience when planning for work zones, rather than consider operational and safety impacts. Using a study corridor in Birmingham, Alabama as a test bed, this study investigated the operational impacts of TTC options for work zones with 3-to-1 lane drop configuration using traffic data collected from the Alabama Department of Transportation. The VISSIM simulation platform was used to conduct the experiments. The experimental design considered two TTC strategies (i.e., static late and early merge) under 3-to-1 lane drop configuration for work-space length of 500 ft for long- and short-term lane closures. The study concluded that the 3-to-1 lane-drop configuration should not be scheduled for long-term duration. Maintenance work can be scheduled from midnight to early morning and under the 3-to-1 lane closure scenario the performance of early and late merge traffic control is similar. Overall, this study used simulation modeling to compare the effectiveness of two traffic control strategies at work zones on the basis of different performance measures. The results provide information about the impact of each control strategy on density, speed, travel time etc. They also help determine what time of the day is best for lane closings in order to reduce adverse impacts from capacity reduction. Thus, the findings are expected to provide valuable guidance for agencies responsible for planning, design, and operations of work zones in the future.
文摘This paper proposes robot position control using force information for cooperative work between two remote robot systems with force feedback in each of which a user operates a remote robot by using a haptic interface device while observing work of the robot with a video camera. We also investigate the effect of the proposed control by experiment. As cooperative work, we deal with work in which two robots carry an object together. The robot position control using force information finely adjusts the position of the robot arm to reduce the force applied to the object. Thus, the purpose of the control is to avoid large force so that the object is not broken. In our experiment, we make a comparison among the following three cases in order to clarify how to carry out the control effectively. In the first case, the two robots are operated manually by a user with his/her both hands. In the second case, one robot is operated manually by a user, and the other robot is moved automatically under the proposed control. In the last case, the object is carried directly by a human instead of the robot which is operated by the user in the second case. As a result, experimental results demonstrate that the control can help each system operated manually by the user to carry the object smoothly.
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural ScienceFoundation of Shanxi. Selected form Proceedings of 2000the First Inte
文摘A method of setting up a pressure-stroke characteristic of the working liquid in hydraulic drawing is studied. A pressure-stroke characteristic and software for controlling its forming process are also developed. And a set of pressure controlling devices with PLC as a central processor are designed. It can be got from the relevant experiments that the pressure-stroke characteristic is correct and its control for forming process is available.
文摘The management of eating behavior plays an important role in health maintenance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between eating behavior and effortful control in female young adults. Participants completed the questionnaire measures of effortful control and eating behaviors and Stroop cognitive interference task. The results showed that restrained eating was positively correlated with activation control;emotional eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory control and attentional control;external eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory, activation, and attentional control. The scores for activation control and restrained eating were higher for participants with a low Stroop error rate than for those with a high Stroop error rate. These results indicate that restrained eating has a different association with effortful control than doing emotional and external eating.
文摘The plastic cement belongs to a sort of polymer material, the chemical composition is very complex, and the plastic cement work-piece is generally manufactured by die press forming. Aimed at being difficult to control in parameters of forming process, the paper explored the humanoid based intelligence control strategy. In the paper, it made the anatomy in control puzzle resulted in uncertainty such as chemical component of plastic cement etc., summarized up the characteristic of cybernetics in forming process, researched on the humanoid based intelligence control strategy, and constructed the control algorithm of forming process in plastic cement work-piece. Taking the process experiment of temperature and pressure control as an example, it validated the good dynamic and static control quality through simulation of control algorithm constructed in this paper. The experimental results show that the control algorithm explored in this paper is reasonably available.
文摘This paper proposes a group synchronization control scheme with prediction in work using haptic media. The scheme adjusts the output timing among multiple terminals and keeps the interactivity high. It outputs position information by predicting the future position later than the position included in the last-received information by a fixed amount of time. It also advances the output time of position information at each local terminal by the same amount of time. We deal with two different types of work using haptic media so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. We assess the output quality of haptic media for the two types of work subjectively and objectively by Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. We further clarify the relationship between subjective and objective assessment results.
