This paper describes the relation and difference of "emission up to standards" and "total quantity control" ofmain atmospheric pollutants, as well as their legal status. It points out that the tota...This paper describes the relation and difference of "emission up to standards" and "total quantity control" ofmain atmospheric pollutants, as well as their legal status. It points out that the total quantity control is a good approachto solve a problem that environmental quality do not yet reach the requirements in an area where emission concentrationhas came up to standards, or to solve a problem that the interregional transportation of pollutants (e. g. acid rain) arises.And further, it put forward five proposals for the total quantity control.[展开更多
Quality control in disease diagnosis and treatment is critical for ensuring patient safety,optimizing resource utilization,and improving clinical outcomes.In endometrial cancer management,rigorous quality control ensu...Quality control in disease diagnosis and treatment is critical for ensuring patient safety,optimizing resource utilization,and improving clinical outcomes.In endometrial cancer management,rigorous quality control ensures accurate diagnosis through standardized protocols,reducing misdiagnosis and enabling early detection.Treatment is guided by evidence-based guidelines,fostering multi-disciplinary collaboration and minimizing unnecessary variations in care.Quality control also enhances patient safety by reducing medical errors and ensuring compliance with ethical and legal standards.By fostering transparency,professional development,and patient-centered care,it supports the sustainable advancement of healthcare systems,ultimately improving outcomes for patients and the broader medical community.This quality control of endometrial cancer was drafted by the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s TNM staging(AJCC,8th edition,2017)and the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology’s surgical pathological staging(FIGO,2009).展开更多
Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)including mesenchymal stem cells to potentially differentiate into different tissue lineages widely exist in various tissues.In recent years,the clinical research and application of MSCs...Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)including mesenchymal stem cells to potentially differentiate into different tissue lineages widely exist in various tissues.In recent years,the clinical research and application of MSCs have become more extensive,but no standardized guidelines for the preparation and quality control of clinical-grade MSCs currently exist.To standardize the preparation and quality control of MSCs using the human umbilical cord,placenta,bone marrow,and adipose tissue as sample sources for the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology(CANR;Preparatory)and the China Committee of International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR-China Committee)member units,this standard is formulated following the T11/CSSCR 001-2017 General Requirements for Stem Cells,Good Manufacturing Practice Pharmaceutical Products(2010 Edition),Pharmacopoeia of the Peopleʹs Republic of China(2015 Edition),Guiding Principles for Quality Control of Stem Cell Preparations and Preclinical Research(Trial),Code for Cell Banking Facility Quality Management,Sterile Drug Appendix to Pharmaceutical Production Quality Management Regulations,GMP Appendix—Cell Therapy Products(Draft for Comment),The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement(2006),and Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration(IANR/CANR 2017).Moreover,this standard includes donor evaluation,sample collection,cell preparation,cell inspection,packaging,labeling,transportation and storage,and quality control.It represents the minimum requirements for clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cell culture and quality control.Moreover,it will be further optimized following the progress of preclinical and clinical research.and consumables that are directly in contact with the cells should be opened and operated in a Grade An environment with a Grade B background[8,10].7.3.5 Samples from different donors or different batches should not be processed continuously in the same operation area to avoid cross-contamination.The workplace should be cleared,and normal ultraviolet disinfection should be carried out after a sample is processed[8].7.3.6 The donorʹs MSC culture shall be managed in a multilevel graded bank(premaster,master,and working cell banks).The cell bank for cellular preparations may be established according to actual conditions[4].7.3.7 After the cell culture in the premaster cell bank is completed according to the actual situation,the peripheral blood of the donor or the donorʹs mother may be collected again for serological testing 3–6 months after the sample collection.Infectious and genetic diseases are followed up.Cell culture for the remaining graded banks is performed after the test and follow-up results meet the requirements.7.3.8 The cell generation of the cell-based medicinal products shall not exceed the maximum allowed by the cell culture process.7.3.9 Cryopreservation of intermediate/final products of cellular preparations in the cell bank requires gradient or program cooling.展开更多
Sea surface temperature SST obtained from the initial version of the Korea Operational Oceanographic System（KOOS） SST satellite have low accuracy during summer and daytime. This is attributed to the diurnal warming ...Sea surface temperature SST obtained from the initial version of the Korea Operational Oceanographic System（KOOS） SST satellite have low accuracy during summer and daytime. This is attributed to the diurnal warming effect. Error estimation of SST data must be carried out to use the real-time forecasting numerical model of the KOOS. This study suggests two quality control methods for the KOOS SST system. To minimize the diurnal warming effect, SSTs of areas where wind speed is higher than 5 m/s were used. Depending on the wind threshold value, KOOS SST data for August 2014 were reduced by 0.15°C. Errors in SST data are considered to be a combination of random, sampling, and bias errors. To estimate bias error, the standard deviation of bias between KOOS SSTs and climatology SSTs were used. KOOS SST data yielded an analysis error standard deviation value similar to OSTIA and NOAA NCDC（OISST） data. The KOOS SST shows lower random and sampling errors with increasing number of observations using six satellite datasets. In further studies, the proposed quality control methods for the KOOS SST system will be applied through more long-term case studies and comparisons with other SST systems.展开更多
As a self-adjusted and self-constrained inherent mechanism, the Internal Control plays a extremely important role in the operation and management of enterprise. It＇s setting-up and putting into practice concerns the ...As a self-adjusted and self-constrained inherent mechanism, the Internal Control plays a extremely important role in the operation and management of enterprise. It＇s setting-up and putting into practice concerns the success or failure of the business directly. The author proposes some views from government, social intermediary organizes and enterprise three respects to improve Internal Control of the enterprise.展开更多
As a hot spot of next generation network, research over resource control has been carried out for years both in China and abroad. With a gradual progress in standardization, this field presents new development trends ...As a hot spot of next generation network, research over resource control has been carried out for years both in China and abroad. With a gradual progress in standardization, this field presents new development trends and features. Based on latest progresses in standardization promoted by ITU-T, TISPAN and 3GPP, new technologies concerned with resource control are introduced. Considering the problems faced in standardization deployment, relevant resource control functions are also analyzed in this article.展开更多
Current studies on blasting construction of small clear-distance tunnels have not considered the impact of existing tunnel lining defects when establishing safety controls.This paper offers a series of study results b...Current studies on blasting construction of small clear-distance tunnels have not considered the impact of existing tunnel lining defects when establishing safety controls.This paper offers a series of study results based on the blasting project of a new tunnel adjacent to the existing defect Xinling tunnel to thoroughly examine the dynamic response,safety control standards,and measures of the existing defect tunnel.First,structural models were developed to investigate the influence of the presence or absence of specific defects(like lining cracks and cavities behind the lining)on the dynamic response of the current tunnel lining to identify the most unfavorable defect distribution.Then,establish safety control standards for intact linings and those with the most unfavorable defects.Eventually,two types of control measures,single safe charge and reasonable delay time,were studied based on the established safety control standards.In particular,the most adverse position of cracks was the wall facing the explosion,the rise in depth was more unfavorable for vibration response,and the impact of the longitudinal crack was restricted to the vicinity of the crack.While the vault was the most adverse cavity position,the rise in cavity area was more damaging,and the influence range varied with longitudinal cavity length.Moreover,the impact of cracks was mainly evident in the amplification effect of stress at the crack region.In contrast,cavities had varied degrees of amplification effects on the vibration velocity and stress response and a relatively extensive influence range.Safety control research was conducted,when the tunnel was intact,with a right wall crack,a vault cavity,and both vault cavity and crack for this project,the peak particle velocity(PPV)of the safety control standard for vibration velocity was 13,10,13,and 8 cm/s,respectively,and the respective single safe charge could be adjusted at 64,53,37,and 25 kg.However,the presence of different defects had a relatively negligible effect on the reasonable delay time;25 ms was recommended for existing tunnel lining with and without the defect.展开更多
Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Comm...Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQS） shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy.展开更多
With the development of manufacturing,numerical control(NC) machining simulation has become a modern tool to obtain safe and reliable machining operations.Although some research and commercial software about NC machin...With the development of manufacturing,numerical control(NC) machining simulation has become a modern tool to obtain safe and reliable machining operations.Although some research and commercial software about NC machining simulations is available,most of them is oriented for G&M code.It is a low-level data model for computer numerical control(CNC),which has inherent drawbacks such as incomplete data and lack of accuracy.These limitations hinder the development of a real simulation system.Whereas,standard for the exchange of product data-compliant numerical control(STEP-NC) is a new and high-level data model for CNC.It provides rich information for CNC machine tools,which creates the condition for an informative and real simulation.Therefore,this paper proposes STEP-NC based high-level NC machining simulations solution integrated with computer-aided design/computeraided process planning/computer-aided manufacturing(CAD/CAPP/CAM).It turned out that the research provides a better informed simulation environment and promotes the development of modern manufacturing.展开更多
Now the surface settlement induced by shallow buried tunnel to under-traverse highway,mostly adopt the empirical value,3 cm,acquired from Beijing or Shenzhen metro,which is regarded as the controlling standard.But to ...Now the surface settlement induced by shallow buried tunnel to under-traverse highway,mostly adopt the empirical value,3 cm,acquired from Beijing or Shenzhen metro,which is regarded as the controlling standard.But to more project,tunnel under-traverse highway,we must decide the controlling standard flexibly,which should base on the pavement service function and the pavement condition.The thesis,based on the pavement evenness and running comfort ability in the view of completing the pavement service function,supposes the longitudinal pavement settlement cross section as a quadratic parabola,and gets the maximal settlement value in the range of longitudinal pavement influence when the tunnel is under-traverse highway perpendicularly.Then the controlling standard is decided.As Wenxiang Tunnel under-traverse Lianhuo Freeway on Zhengzhou-Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Railway Line for an example,the settlement controlling standard is acquired,and we hope it has an direction and reference value to similar tunnel construction.展开更多
Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical cont...Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical control （HITCNC）, is researched and manufactured based on the interface standards. The system＇s external interfaces are coincident with the corresponding international standards, and the internal interfaces follow the open modular architecture controller （OMAC） agreement. In the research and manufacturing process, object-oriented technology is used to ensure the openness of the HITCNC, and static programming is applied in the CNC system according to the idea of modularization disassembly. The HITCNC also actualizes real-time and unreal-time modules adopting real-time dynamical linked library （RTDLL） and component object model （COM）. Finite state ma- chine （FSM） is adopted to do dynamically modeling of HITCNC. The complete separation between the software and the hardware is achieved in the HITCNC by applying the SoftSERCANS technique. The application of the above key techniques decreases the programming workload greatly, and uses software programs replacing hardware functions, which offers plenty technique ensures for the openness of HITCNC. Finally, based on the HITCNC, a three-dimensional milling system is established. On the system, series experiments are done to validate the expandability and interchangeability of HITCNC. The results of the experiments show that the established open architecture CNC system HITCNC is correct and feasible, and has good openness.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Shenqi Qiangjing granules and to conduct routine inspection of granular dosage forms.[Methods]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,cont...[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Shenqi Qiangjing granules and to conduct routine inspection of granular dosage forms.[Methods]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were detected.Radix Astragali,Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were all in line with the relevant regulations of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020 edition).Radix Astragali,Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis had clear fluorescent spots in TLC assay,and no such spots were found in negative control.[Conclusions]The method has the advantages of simple operation,accurate and reliable results,strong specificity and good repeatability,and can effectively control the quality of Shenqi Qiangjing granules.展开更多
The setting-up of the Malaysian Audit Oversight Board （AOB） in 2010 under the Securities Commission Amendment Act 2010 has extended the role of regulators into the statutory audit domain for public listed companies....The setting-up of the Malaysian Audit Oversight Board （AOB） in 2010 under the Securities Commission Amendment Act 2010 has extended the role of regulators into the statutory audit domain for public listed companies. Although the auditing profession in Malaysia has International Auditing Standards as prescribed minimum level of quality in the delivery of audit assurance services, self-regulation by the profession alone appears inadequate to ensure the delivery of quality audit services. With co-regulation, auditors now are monitored not just by the profession but also by a new statutory body with considerable regulatory powers to sanction auditors where quality of the audit process has been found wanting. This study solicits the opinions of auditors on their expectations of what the new regulator can achieve. Based on interviews with a sample of 30 auditors, the study finds that the majority believe that audit quality will be taken to a new level following AOB＇s remit of registration of auditors, compliance inspection with International Standard on Quality Control （ISQC）, monitoring of financial statement quality, and its power of sanctions. A review of AOB＇s early years＇ inspection confirms these expectations.展开更多
Objective To investigate the current status of life stress and hypertension among couples of childbearing age across diverse economic regions in China,and to explore relevant influencing factors.Methods This study was...Objective To investigate the current status of life stress and hypertension among couples of childbearing age across diverse economic regions in China,and to explore relevant influencing factors.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study,with subjects from the"Research on the standardized system of comprehensive prevention and control of birth defects based on preconception-prenatal-postnatal whole chain",From February to May 2021,urban and rural couples of childbearing age(18-49 years old)from Beijing,Henan,and Gansu provinces were enrolled,representing the eastern,central,and western regions of China,respectively.The detection rate,cognition and control of hypertension in the general population,as well as the detection rate of hypertension in different genders and regions were analyzed.Subjects were divided into hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group based on whether their blood pressure was≥140/90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),and the general clinical data of the two groups were compared.Subjects were also divided into prehypertension and hypertension group and normal blood pressure group based on whether their blood pressure was≥130/80 mmHg,and the general clinical data of the two groups were compared,with subgroup analyses conducted by gender.Multifactorial logistic regression model was applied to identify factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension in both males and females.Results A total of 1942 couples of childbearing age,comprising 3884 individuals,aged(29.8±5.2)years were enrolled,with 1942 males(50.0%).The overall hypertension detection rate was 6.3%(246/3884),with a detection rate of 10.5%(203/1942)in males and 2.2%(43/1942)in females.The hypertension detection rates in Beijing,Henan,and Gansu were 6.2%(92/1482),11.6%(139/1200),and 1.2%(15/1202),respectively.The overall detection rate of prehypertension and hypertension was 40.5%(1574/3884).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that life pressure factors had no effect on female blood pressure levels(P>0.05),while a significant or high level of life/work pressure was a risk factor for prehypertension and hypertension in males(0R=2.30,95%CI 1.06-4.99,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of prehypertension and hypertension among young couples of childbearing age in China is high,and the awareness and control of hypertension are poor.There are sex differences in the relationship between life pressure and blood pressure levels.Comprehensive consideration of individual living environments and mental health factors is crucial in blood pressure management.Measures to reduce life stress and enhance mental resilience should be implemented to address this public health issue.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate and compare the reports＇ qualities of acupuncture randomized controlled trials （RCTs） conducted in China before and after the implementation of two guidelines, i.e., the Consolidated Standar...Objective： To evaluate and compare the reports＇ qualities of acupuncture randomized controlled trials （RCTs） conducted in China before and after the implementation of two guidelines, i.e., the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials （CONSORT） statement and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture （STRICTA）. Methods： Proportions of studies that reported CONSORT and STRICTA items were compared for the years before and after implementation of these two guidelines. In addition, the total score of each item＇s reporting were calculated and reported differences during different date ranges were compared. Results： For CONSORT items （maximum score 8）, there was evidence of a slight improvement in reporting between 1994-1995 and 1999-2000 combined （2.5 ± 0.6） and 2004-2006 and 2009-2010 combined （3.0 ± 0.9; difference 0.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 0.6, P〈0.01）. For STRICTA items （maximum score 17）, there was evidence that a slight improvement in reporting between 1994-1995 and 1999-2000 combined （8.6±2.1） and 2004-2005 and 2009-2010 combined （10.1 ±1.8; difference 1.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9, P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Quality of reporting for RCTs of acupuncture treatment conducted in China have generally improved since the introduction of the STRICTA and CONSORT guidelines.展开更多
文摘This paper describes the relation and difference of "emission up to standards" and "total quantity control" ofmain atmospheric pollutants, as well as their legal status. It points out that the total quantity control is a good approachto solve a problem that environmental quality do not yet reach the requirements in an area where emission concentrationhas came up to standards, or to solve a problem that the interregional transportation of pollutants (e. g. acid rain) arises.And further, it put forward five proposals for the total quantity control.[
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273233)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1408900)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(SHDC2020CR4079)。
文摘Quality control in disease diagnosis and treatment is critical for ensuring patient safety,optimizing resource utilization,and improving clinical outcomes.In endometrial cancer management,rigorous quality control ensures accurate diagnosis through standardized protocols,reducing misdiagnosis and enabling early detection.Treatment is guided by evidence-based guidelines,fostering multi-disciplinary collaboration and minimizing unnecessary variations in care.Quality control also enhances patient safety by reducing medical errors and ensuring compliance with ethical and legal standards.By fostering transparency,professional development,and patient-centered care,it supports the sustainable advancement of healthcare systems,ultimately improving outcomes for patients and the broader medical community.This quality control of endometrial cancer was drafted by the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s TNM staging(AJCC,8th edition,2017)and the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology’s surgical pathological staging(FIGO,2009).
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)including mesenchymal stem cells to potentially differentiate into different tissue lineages widely exist in various tissues.In recent years,the clinical research and application of MSCs have become more extensive,but no standardized guidelines for the preparation and quality control of clinical-grade MSCs currently exist.To standardize the preparation and quality control of MSCs using the human umbilical cord,placenta,bone marrow,and adipose tissue as sample sources for the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology(CANR;Preparatory)and the China Committee of International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR-China Committee)member units,this standard is formulated following the T11/CSSCR 001-2017 General Requirements for Stem Cells,Good Manufacturing Practice Pharmaceutical Products(2010 Edition),Pharmacopoeia of the Peopleʹs Republic of China(2015 Edition),Guiding Principles for Quality Control of Stem Cell Preparations and Preclinical Research(Trial),Code for Cell Banking Facility Quality Management,Sterile Drug Appendix to Pharmaceutical Production Quality Management Regulations,GMP Appendix—Cell Therapy Products(Draft for Comment),The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement(2006),and Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration(IANR/CANR 2017).Moreover,this standard includes donor evaluation,sample collection,cell preparation,cell inspection,packaging,labeling,transportation and storage,and quality control.It represents the minimum requirements for clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cell culture and quality control.Moreover,it will be further optimized following the progress of preclinical and clinical research.and consumables that are directly in contact with the cells should be opened and operated in a Grade An environment with a Grade B background[8,10].7.3.5 Samples from different donors or different batches should not be processed continuously in the same operation area to avoid cross-contamination.The workplace should be cleared,and normal ultraviolet disinfection should be carried out after a sample is processed[8].7.3.6 The donorʹs MSC culture shall be managed in a multilevel graded bank(premaster,master,and working cell banks).The cell bank for cellular preparations may be established according to actual conditions[4].7.3.7 After the cell culture in the premaster cell bank is completed according to the actual situation,the peripheral blood of the donor or the donorʹs mother may be collected again for serological testing 3–6 months after the sample collection.Infectious and genetic diseases are followed up.Cell culture for the remaining graded banks is performed after the test and follow-up results meet the requirements.7.3.8 The cell generation of the cell-based medicinal products shall not exceed the maximum allowed by the cell culture process.7.3.9 Cryopreservation of intermediate/final products of cellular preparations in the cell bank requires gradient or program cooling.
基金A part of the projects titled "Development of Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS),Phase 2","Construction of Ocean Research Stations and their Application Studies","Development of Environmental Information System for NSR Navigation" funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries,Korea,and "Development of fundamental technology for coastal erosion control" of KIOST
文摘Sea surface temperature SST obtained from the initial version of the Korea Operational Oceanographic System（KOOS） SST satellite have low accuracy during summer and daytime. This is attributed to the diurnal warming effect. Error estimation of SST data must be carried out to use the real-time forecasting numerical model of the KOOS. This study suggests two quality control methods for the KOOS SST system. To minimize the diurnal warming effect, SSTs of areas where wind speed is higher than 5 m/s were used. Depending on the wind threshold value, KOOS SST data for August 2014 were reduced by 0.15°C. Errors in SST data are considered to be a combination of random, sampling, and bias errors. To estimate bias error, the standard deviation of bias between KOOS SSTs and climatology SSTs were used. KOOS SST data yielded an analysis error standard deviation value similar to OSTIA and NOAA NCDC（OISST） data. The KOOS SST shows lower random and sampling errors with increasing number of observations using six satellite datasets. In further studies, the proposed quality control methods for the KOOS SST system will be applied through more long-term case studies and comparisons with other SST systems.
文摘As a self-adjusted and self-constrained inherent mechanism, the Internal Control plays a extremely important role in the operation and management of enterprise. It＇s setting-up and putting into practice concerns the success or failure of the business directly. The author proposes some views from government, social intermediary organizes and enterprise three respects to improve Internal Control of the enterprise.
文摘As a hot spot of next generation network, research over resource control has been carried out for years both in China and abroad. With a gradual progress in standardization, this field presents new development trends and features. Based on latest progresses in standardization promoted by ITU-T, TISPAN and 3GPP, new technologies concerned with resource control are introduced. Considering the problems faced in standardization deployment, relevant resource control functions are also analyzed in this article.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2034205,and 52178397)。
文摘Current studies on blasting construction of small clear-distance tunnels have not considered the impact of existing tunnel lining defects when establishing safety controls.This paper offers a series of study results based on the blasting project of a new tunnel adjacent to the existing defect Xinling tunnel to thoroughly examine the dynamic response,safety control standards,and measures of the existing defect tunnel.First,structural models were developed to investigate the influence of the presence or absence of specific defects(like lining cracks and cavities behind the lining)on the dynamic response of the current tunnel lining to identify the most unfavorable defect distribution.Then,establish safety control standards for intact linings and those with the most unfavorable defects.Eventually,two types of control measures,single safe charge and reasonable delay time,were studied based on the established safety control standards.In particular,the most adverse position of cracks was the wall facing the explosion,the rise in depth was more unfavorable for vibration response,and the impact of the longitudinal crack was restricted to the vicinity of the crack.While the vault was the most adverse cavity position,the rise in cavity area was more damaging,and the influence range varied with longitudinal cavity length.Moreover,the impact of cracks was mainly evident in the amplification effect of stress at the crack region.In contrast,cavities had varied degrees of amplification effects on the vibration velocity and stress response and a relatively extensive influence range.Safety control research was conducted,when the tunnel was intact,with a right wall crack,a vault cavity,and both vault cavity and crack for this project,the peak particle velocity(PPV)of the safety control standard for vibration velocity was 13,10,13,and 8 cm/s,respectively,and the respective single safe charge could be adjusted at 64,53,37,and 25 kg.However,the presence of different defects had a relatively negligible effect on the reasonable delay time;25 ms was recommended for existing tunnel lining with and without the defect.
基金provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Subcontract Number OR13810-001.04 A10-0223-S001-A04)partly supported by the funding of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (No. 2011A060901011)+1 种基金the funding of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex (No. SCAPC201308)the project of Atmospheric Haze Collaborative Control System Design (No. XDB05030400) from Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQS） shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51205054)National Key Technology Research and Development Program During the Twelfth Five-year Plan(Nos.2012BAF10B11,2012BAF12B08)
文摘With the development of manufacturing,numerical control(NC) machining simulation has become a modern tool to obtain safe and reliable machining operations.Although some research and commercial software about NC machining simulations is available,most of them is oriented for G&M code.It is a low-level data model for computer numerical control(CNC),which has inherent drawbacks such as incomplete data and lack of accuracy.These limitations hinder the development of a real simulation system.Whereas,standard for the exchange of product data-compliant numerical control(STEP-NC) is a new and high-level data model for CNC.It provides rich information for CNC machine tools,which creates the condition for an informative and real simulation.Therefore,this paper proposes STEP-NC based high-level NC machining simulations solution integrated with computer-aided design/computeraided process planning/computer-aided manufacturing(CAD/CAPP/CAM).It turned out that the research provides a better informed simulation environment and promotes the development of modern manufacturing.
文摘Now the surface settlement induced by shallow buried tunnel to under-traverse highway,mostly adopt the empirical value,3 cm,acquired from Beijing or Shenzhen metro,which is regarded as the controlling standard.But to more project,tunnel under-traverse highway,we must decide the controlling standard flexibly,which should base on the pavement service function and the pavement condition.The thesis,based on the pavement evenness and running comfort ability in the view of completing the pavement service function,supposes the longitudinal pavement settlement cross section as a quadratic parabola,and gets the maximal settlement value in the range of longitudinal pavement influence when the tunnel is under-traverse highway perpendicularly.Then the controlling standard is decided.As Wenxiang Tunnel under-traverse Lianhuo Freeway on Zhengzhou-Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Railway Line for an example,the settlement controlling standard is acquired,and we hope it has an direction and reference value to similar tunnel construction.
基金This project is supported by Provincial Science & Technology Projoct of Heilongjiang, China (No. GB05A501).
文摘Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical control （HITCNC）, is researched and manufactured based on the interface standards. The system＇s external interfaces are coincident with the corresponding international standards, and the internal interfaces follow the open modular architecture controller （OMAC） agreement. In the research and manufacturing process, object-oriented technology is used to ensure the openness of the HITCNC, and static programming is applied in the CNC system according to the idea of modularization disassembly. The HITCNC also actualizes real-time and unreal-time modules adopting real-time dynamical linked library （RTDLL） and component object model （COM）. Finite state ma- chine （FSM） is adopted to do dynamically modeling of HITCNC. The complete separation between the software and the hardware is achieved in the HITCNC by applying the SoftSERCANS technique. The application of the above key techniques decreases the programming workload greatly, and uses software programs replacing hardware functions, which offers plenty technique ensures for the openness of HITCNC. Finally, based on the HITCNC, a three-dimensional milling system is established. On the system, series experiments are done to validate the expandability and interchangeability of HITCNC. The results of the experiments show that the established open architecture CNC system HITCNC is correct and feasible, and has good openness.
基金Supported by Guangxi Key Research and Development Project(GK AB2203-5073)Guangxi TCM Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Project(GZSY22-18)Research Project of Guangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GXZYZ20210209,GXZYA20220180).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard of Shenqi Qiangjing granules and to conduct routine inspection of granular dosage forms.[Methods]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were detected.Radix Astragali,Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis were qualitatively identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]The particle size,moisture,loss on drying,dissolubility,content uniformity and microbial limit of Shenqi Qiangjing granules were all in line with the relevant regulations of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2020 edition).Radix Astragali,Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis had clear fluorescent spots in TLC assay,and no such spots were found in negative control.[Conclusions]The method has the advantages of simple operation,accurate and reliable results,strong specificity and good repeatability,and can effectively control the quality of Shenqi Qiangjing granules.
文摘The setting-up of the Malaysian Audit Oversight Board （AOB） in 2010 under the Securities Commission Amendment Act 2010 has extended the role of regulators into the statutory audit domain for public listed companies. Although the auditing profession in Malaysia has International Auditing Standards as prescribed minimum level of quality in the delivery of audit assurance services, self-regulation by the profession alone appears inadequate to ensure the delivery of quality audit services. With co-regulation, auditors now are monitored not just by the profession but also by a new statutory body with considerable regulatory powers to sanction auditors where quality of the audit process has been found wanting. This study solicits the opinions of auditors on their expectations of what the new regulator can achieve. Based on interviews with a sample of 30 auditors, the study finds that the majority believe that audit quality will be taken to a new level following AOB＇s remit of registration of auditors, compliance inspection with International Standard on Quality Control （ISQC）, monitoring of financial statement quality, and its power of sanctions. A review of AOB＇s early years＇ inspection confirms these expectations.
文摘Objective To investigate the current status of life stress and hypertension among couples of childbearing age across diverse economic regions in China,and to explore relevant influencing factors.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study,with subjects from the"Research on the standardized system of comprehensive prevention and control of birth defects based on preconception-prenatal-postnatal whole chain",From February to May 2021,urban and rural couples of childbearing age(18-49 years old)from Beijing,Henan,and Gansu provinces were enrolled,representing the eastern,central,and western regions of China,respectively.The detection rate,cognition and control of hypertension in the general population,as well as the detection rate of hypertension in different genders and regions were analyzed.Subjects were divided into hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group based on whether their blood pressure was≥140/90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),and the general clinical data of the two groups were compared.Subjects were also divided into prehypertension and hypertension group and normal blood pressure group based on whether their blood pressure was≥130/80 mmHg,and the general clinical data of the two groups were compared,with subgroup analyses conducted by gender.Multifactorial logistic regression model was applied to identify factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension in both males and females.Results A total of 1942 couples of childbearing age,comprising 3884 individuals,aged(29.8±5.2)years were enrolled,with 1942 males(50.0%).The overall hypertension detection rate was 6.3%(246/3884),with a detection rate of 10.5%(203/1942)in males and 2.2%(43/1942)in females.The hypertension detection rates in Beijing,Henan,and Gansu were 6.2%(92/1482),11.6%(139/1200),and 1.2%(15/1202),respectively.The overall detection rate of prehypertension and hypertension was 40.5%(1574/3884).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that life pressure factors had no effect on female blood pressure levels(P>0.05),while a significant or high level of life/work pressure was a risk factor for prehypertension and hypertension in males(0R=2.30,95%CI 1.06-4.99,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of prehypertension and hypertension among young couples of childbearing age in China is high,and the awareness and control of hypertension are poor.There are sex differences in the relationship between life pressure and blood pressure levels.Comprehensive consideration of individual living environments and mental health factors is crucial in blood pressure management.Measures to reduce life stress and enhance mental resilience should be implemented to address this public health issue.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.81303069)
文摘Objective： To evaluate and compare the reports＇ qualities of acupuncture randomized controlled trials （RCTs） conducted in China before and after the implementation of two guidelines, i.e., the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials （CONSORT） statement and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture （STRICTA）. Methods： Proportions of studies that reported CONSORT and STRICTA items were compared for the years before and after implementation of these two guidelines. In addition, the total score of each item＇s reporting were calculated and reported differences during different date ranges were compared. Results： For CONSORT items （maximum score 8）, there was evidence of a slight improvement in reporting between 1994-1995 and 1999-2000 combined （2.5 ± 0.6） and 2004-2006 and 2009-2010 combined （3.0 ± 0.9; difference 0.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 0.6, P〈0.01）. For STRICTA items （maximum score 17）, there was evidence that a slight improvement in reporting between 1994-1995 and 1999-2000 combined （8.6±2.1） and 2004-2005 and 2009-2010 combined （10.1 ±1.8; difference 1.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9, P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Quality of reporting for RCTs of acupuncture treatment conducted in China have generally improved since the introduction of the STRICTA and CONSORT guidelines.
