Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senes...Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand...Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand protection mechanisms and effectiveness of various sand control measures for the Golmud-Korla Railway.Results reveal that wind-sand flow is significantly influenced by sand barrier with notable fluctuations in wind speed observed around these barriers.In the region of 0H to 5H(H is the height of the sand barrier model)downstream the barrier,where turbulent flow disturbances are particularly intense,substantial modifications to the airflow patterns were observed.Among the three types of sand barriers tested,the horizontal wind speed fluctuations on the leeward side of the reed bundle sand barrier are the most pronounced,with the lowest wind speed attenuation coefficient reaching 0.29.Within a specific range of wind speeds,the effective protective width of a sand barrier is negatively correlated with the upstream wind speed.The reed bundle sand barrier demonstrates the largest average protection width,followed by the highdensity polyethylene(HDPE)board sand barrier,while the metal mesh sand barrier provides the smallest protection.In the gravel desert area of southern Xinjiang,the sand trapping efficiency of the reed bundle and HDPE board barriers reaches 93.85%and 96.42%,respectively,with annual maximum accumulated sand volume of 3.342 m3/m and 3.73 m3/m.Both barriers demonstrate excellent wind-sand protection effects.From an environmental sustainability and operating lifetime perspective,a three-dimensional wind-sand control system composed of two or three reed bundle sand barriers is recommended for the Golmud-Korla Railway area.This endeavor would provide valuable insights and guidance for wind-sand disaster prevention and control in the gravel desert areas.展开更多
This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by Wang et al,which systematically investigated the efficacy of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures(including preoperative povidone-iodine disinfectio...This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by Wang et al,which systematically investigated the efficacy of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures(including preoperative povidone-iodine disinfection,intraoperative sterile barrier techniques,and postoperative intensive care)in reducing infection rates.The study further incorporated the surgical site infection risk prediction model(constructed via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator al-gorithm,integrating patients'baseline characteristics,surgical indicators,and regional antibiotic-resistant bacterial data),and proposed a dynamic prevention and control system termed“disinfection protocols-predictive models–real-time monitoring”.The article highlighted that preoperative risk stratification,intraoperative personalized antibiotic selection,and postoperative multidimensional monitoring(encompassing inflammatory biomarkers,imaging,and microbiological testing)enabled the precise identification of high-risk patients and optimized intervention thresholds.Future research is deemed necessary to validate the synergistic effects of disinfection protocols and predictive models through large-scale multicenter studies,combined with advanced intraoperative rapid microbial detection technologies.This approach aims to establish standardized infection control protocols tailored for precision medicine and regional adaptability.Future research should prioritize validating the synergistic effects of disinfection protocols and predictive models via multi-center studies,while incorporating advanced rapid intraoperative microbial detection technologies to develop standardized infection prevention and control procedures.Such efforts will enhance the implementation of precise and regionally adaptive infection control strategies.展开更多
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the chikungunya virus(CHIKV).It is characterized by acute onset of high fever,severe polyarthralgia,myalgia,headache,and maculopapular rash.The virus is rapidl...Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the chikungunya virus(CHIKV).It is characterized by acute onset of high fever,severe polyarthralgia,myalgia,headache,and maculopapular rash.The virus is rapidly spreading and may establish in new regions where competent mosquito vectors are present.This research analyzes the regulatory dynamics of a stochastic differential equation(SDE)model describing the transmission of the CHIKV,incorporating seasonal variations,immunization efforts,and environmentalffuctuations modeled through Poisson random measure noise under demographic heterogeneity.The model guarantees the existence of a global positive solution and demonstrates periodic dynamics driven by environmental factors.A key contribution of this study is the formulation of a stochastic threshold parameter,R0L,which characterizes the conditions for disease persistence or extinction under random environmental inffuences.Although our analysis highlights age-speciffc heterogeneities to illustrate differential transmission risks,the framework is general and can incorporate other vulnerable demographic groups,ensuring broader applicability of the results.Using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain(MCMC)method,we estimate R0L=1.4978(95%C-I:1.4968–1.5823)based on CHIKV data from Florida,USA,spanning 2005 to 2017,suggesting that the outbreak remains active and requires targeted control strategies.The effectiveness of immunization,screening,and treatment strategies varies depending on the prioritized demographic groups,due to substantial differences in CHIKV incidence across age categories in the USA.Numerical simulations were conducted using the truncated Euler–Maruyama method to robustly capture the stochastic dynamics of CHIKV transmission with Poissondriven jumps.Employing an iterative approach and assuming mild convexity conditions,we formulated and solved a parameterized near-optimality problem using the Ekeland variational principle.Ourffndings indicate that vaccination campaigns are signiffcantly more effective when focused on vulnerable adults over the age of 66,as well as individuals aged 21 to 25.Furthermore,enhancements in vaccine effcacy,diagnostic screening,and treatment protocols all contribute substantially to minimizing infection rates compared to current standard approaches.These insights support the development of targeted,age-speciffc public health interventions that can signiffcantly improve the management and control of future CHIKV outbreaks.展开更多
BACKGROUND The application of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with postoperative infection can provide a data reference for reducing the postoperative ...BACKGROUND The application of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with postoperative infection can provide a data reference for reducing the postoperative infection rate,improving post-operative biochemical markers,and enhancing postoperative recovery outcomes.AIM To explore the effectiveness of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures in controlling postoperative infection following gastrointestinal surgery.It also sought to compare infection rates and biochemical markers between the obser-vation and control groups and evaluate the impact of disinfection and isolation measures on reducing postoperative complications.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted.Ninety-six patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery between January 2022 and December 2023 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group,with 48 cases in each.The observation group received disinfection and isolation measures during the perioperative period,whereas the control group received standard nursing care.The incidence of infection,white blood cell count,C-reactive protein levels,hemoglobin levels,and liver function markers(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen)were monitored postoperatively in both groups.RESULTS The postoperative infection rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).White blood cell and C-reactive protein levels decreased significantly after surgery in the observation group and were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group on postoperative days 1 and 3,showing a significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Perioperative disinfection and isolation measures effectively reduce postoperative infection rates in gastrointestinal surgery patients and improve biochemical markers,thereby enhancing recovery outcomes.This study provides a valuable basis for postoperative infection control and has significant clinical applications.展开更多
With the development of our country’s social economy,the construction scale of water conservancy project has had an obvious expansion.In the construction of water conservancy projects,certain impacts on the surroundi...With the development of our country’s social economy,the construction scale of water conservancy project has had an obvious expansion.In the construction of water conservancy projects,certain impacts on the surrounding water and soil conditions are inevitable.These impacts may lead to problems such as soil erosion,which can directly affect local production,livelihoods,and the natural ecological environment on which people depend.In severe cases,such issues may even hinder the progress and quality of the water conservancy project itself.Therefore,in the construction of water conservancy projects,soil and water conservation work is extremely important.Based on this,this paper mainly aimed at the prevention and control of water and soil conservation of water conservancy projects launched the relevant analysis and research.展开更多
Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan r...Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan river were mainly from the urban river segment,and the immediate cause of over standard was tributary pollutants in urban river segment with the runoff into rivers.So we should strengthen the maintenance of drainage control and gate-han,accelerate the construction of urban wastewater treatment facilities and supporting pipe network,promote rural decentralized sewage treatment,prevent and control livestock and poultry pollution,pesticides and fertilizers pollution,and intercept non-point source pollution by using eco-technology.展开更多
Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,s...Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,sharp decrease of global forest areas,soil erosion,acid rain pollution,water pollution and so on.This essay is to introduce the present status,formation causes and hazardous condition of acid rain pollution in china.Some feasible and effective control measures are put forward according to the actual situation in China.展开更多
The development characteristics of Semiothisa cinerearia Bremer ＆ Grey was summarized, and we also put forward the control measures of well completing insect surveys to provide scientific basis for the control and ac...The development characteristics of Semiothisa cinerearia Bremer ＆ Grey was summarized, and we also put forward the control measures of well completing insect surveys to provide scientific basis for the control and actively carrying out comprehensive management to control the pests damage in the economic permissible level.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to find out effective measures to solve land- scape water eutrophication. [Method] Based on an overview of the urban landscape water characteristics and pollution control situation, taking...[Objective] This study aimed to find out effective measures to solve land- scape water eutrophication. [Method] Based on an overview of the urban landscape water characteristics and pollution control situation, taking an example of the artificial lakes in a campus in Xi＇an, we comparatively analyzed the present pollution situation of Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake, and provided controlling measures against eutrophication pollution, as well as restoration measures. [Result] All the indicators （TN, TP, Chl-a, NH3-N, CODMn） of the landscape water quality in both Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake went severely beyond the Grade IV standards, presenting a state of heavy eutrophication. Nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient salts carried by atmospheric precipitation and its runoff, as well as domestic garbage generated by human activities were primary exogenous pollutants of the artificial lakes. And the release of sediment pollutants was endogenous substances causing deterioration of water quality. [Conclusion] This paper presents some measures to control the pollution of artificial lakes, and provides scientific references for the construction, operation and management of artificial lakes, as well as maintenance of aquatic environment.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate pesticide use in Qujing city and explore the control measures.[Method] Surveys were made on pesticide use by farmers in five vegetable bases in Qujing city by questionnaires to s...[Objective] The aim was to investigate pesticide use in Qujing city and explore the control measures.[Method] Surveys were made on pesticide use by farmers in five vegetable bases in Qujing city by questionnaires to study pesticide use and existing problems by farmers.[Result] Some problems existed in pesticide use in Qujing,such as non-standard pesticide source,lower-recognition of pesticide and impacts of pesticide residues on environment,and without professional guidance.[Conclusion] The existing problems can be resolved by enhancing technical trainings of technicians or pesticide managers,strengthening pesticide promotion,and reinforcing examination of pesticide residues.展开更多
Protected vegetable production made the traditional agriculture gradually get rid of the shackles of nature, broke the seasonal traditional agriculture and realized the anti season list of agricultural products. While...Protected vegetable production made the traditional agriculture gradually get rid of the shackles of nature, broke the seasonal traditional agriculture and realized the anti season list of agricultural products. While protected vegetables often encountered sudden disasters in production and were restricted with the conditions of low temperature and weak light. Aimed at the sudden disasters of protected vegetable production in Hebei Province,the countermeasures for disaster prevention and control were put forward from the aspects of variety selection, seedling treatment technology,grafting technique,cultivation and management,flower and fruit retention technology,application of exogenous substance,rational fertilization,transgenic technology and so on,in order to reduce production risks and cut loss,realize that protected vegetable production is safe,good-quality and efficient.展开更多
Peeling trunk,binding insect-attracting belt,cleaning orchard and soil-covering under the crown were the control methods on overwintering generation of oriental fruit moth.However,they had not been applied widely on t...Peeling trunk,binding insect-attracting belt,cleaning orchard and soil-covering under the crown were the control methods on overwintering generation of oriental fruit moth.However,they had not been applied widely on the production because of the lack of systematic quantitative evaluation.Aiming at this fact,the control effects of these technical measures were studied in peach with different ripening period.The results showed that peeling trunk was the best with the control effect of88.64%.The control effect of binding insect-attracting belt of grass bundle was74.13%,which was the most economical and efficient.Covering with soil layer of 3cm under the crown during the middle ten days of March could holdback the adult getting out from soil.Cleaning deadwood could clean out the overwintering larvae on the ground.展开更多
Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert regions.Combating desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global scale.The Taklima...Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert regions.Combating desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global scale.The Taklimakan Desert in China is the second largest mobile desert in the world and has been called the''Dead Sea''due to few organisms can exist in such a harsh environment.The Taklimakan Desert Highway,the longest desert highway(a total length of 446 km)across the mobile desert in the world,was built in the 1990s within the Taklimakan Desert.It has an important strategic significance regarding oil and gas resources exploration and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of southern Xinjiang,China.However,wind-blow sand seriously damages the smoothness of the desert highway and,in this case,mechanical sand control system(including sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards)was used early in the life of the desert highway to protect the road.Unfortunately,more than 70%of the sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards have lost their functions,and the desert highway has often been buried and frequently blocked since 1999.To solve this problem,a long artificial shelterbelt with the length of 437 km was built along the desert highway since 2000.However,some potential problems still exist for the sustainable development of the desert highway,such as water shortage,strong sandstorms,extreme environmental characteristics and large maintenance costs.The study aims to provide an overview of the damages caused by wind-blown sand and the effects of sand control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway.Ultimately,we provide some suggestions for the biological sand control system to ensure the sustainable development of the Taklimakan Desert Highway,such as screening drought-resistant species to reduce the irrigation requirement and ensure the sound development of groundwater,screening halophytes to restore vegetation in the case of soil salinization,and planting cash crops,such as Cistanche,Wolfberry,Apocynum and other cash crops to decrease the high cost of maintenance on highways and shelterbelts.展开更多
Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in W...Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in Western China.This study aimed to evaluate the strategy of hepatitis B prevention and control in Western China and identify potential areas and strategies for improvement.Methods Susceptible population vaccination,health education,professional training of doctors,and other prevention and control measures have been implemented in Wuwei city since 2010.Data were obtained from three representative cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 2010,2013,and 2015.The serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect the following seromarkers:HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs),and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc).Estimates of variance were determined using Taylor series linearization methods.Results The three serosurveys revealed decreases in the prevalence of HBsAg(7.19% in 2010 vs.6.51% in 2013 vs.5.87% in 2015)and anti-HBc positivity(43.89%vs.32.87%vs.28.46%)and an increase in the prevalence of anti-HBs positivity(49.07%vs.53.66%vs.53.72%)over time.From 2010 to 2015,the legally reported incidence of hepatitis B in Wuwei city decreased from 686.53/100,000 to 53.72/100,000.Notably,persistently high HBsAg-positive rates(above 5.40%)were observed among subjects aged 20–69 years old in the three serosurveys;the prevalence of HBsAg was above 1% among children younger than 10 years old.Furthermore,rural subjects had higher rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity than their urban counterparts(6.04%vs.4.83% and 30.26%vs.20.35%,respectively)in 2015 but had a lower rate of anti-HBs positivity(49.68 vs.55.18%).Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,urban and rural areas,and education level were the main factors affecting HBV infection.Conclusion Although vaccine-based prevention and control measures reduced the rate of HBV infection in Wuwei City over time,the hepatitis B infection rate in children younger than 10 years was still higher than the national average level.Therefore,the prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission and the management of the infected should be the focus of future prevention and control work.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The present study was designed to determine the impact of quality control measures on the pre...BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The present study was designed to determine the impact of quality control measures on the prevention of transmission of blood-borne viruses. METHODS: A total of 6182 adult maintenance HD patients from all HD units in Zhejiang Province were recruited on January 1, 2007. The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded and all patients were followed up until death or survival at 4 years later. The Quality Control Standards of Hemodialysis were gradually implemented in HD units. The HBV or HCV seroconversion rates of the recruited patients were calculated and compared every year during the observation period. RESULTS: The prevalence of HBV was 8.3% at the beginning of the study, and 6.6% for HCV. With the implementation of the HD quality control measures, the HBV seroconversion rate tended to decrease year by year (χ 2 =6.620, P=0.085), and the HCV seroconversion rate decreased significantly (χ 2 =10.41, P=0.015). Compared with the data in 2007, the HBV seroconversion rate (χ 2 =4.204, P=0.040, relative risk ratio 0.393, 95% CI 0.156-0.991) and the HCV seroconversion rate (χ 2 =7.373, P=0.007, relative risk ratio 0.386, 95% CI 0.189-0.787) decreased significantly in 2010. CONCLUSION: Quality control measures for HD decreased the seroconversion rates of HBV or HCV in HD patients, showing that updated quality control measures reduce the risk for transmission of blood-borne viruses in the HD population.展开更多
In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a ...In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a span-scale girder segment is temporarily stored in the open air, temperature gradients will significantly increase the maximum reaction force on temporary supports and cause local buckling at the bottom of the girder segment. Secondly, due to the temperature difference of the girder segments before and after girth-welding, some residual thermal deflections will appear on the girder segments because the boundary conditions of the structure are changed by the girth-welding. Thirdly, the thermal expansion and thermal bending of girder segments will cause movement and rotation of bearings, which must be considered in setting bearings. We propose control measures for these problems based on finite element method simulation with field-measured temperatures. The local buckling during open-air storage can be avoided by reasonably determining the appropriate positions of temporary supports using analysis of overall and local stresses. The residual thermal deflections can be overcome by performing girth-welding during a period when the vertical temperature difference of the girder is within 1 °C, such as after 22:00. Some formulas are proposed to determine the pre-set distances for bearings, in which the movement and rotation of the bearings due to dead loads and thermal loads are considered. Finally, the feasibility of these control measures in the placement of span-scale girder segments on a real continuous girder was verified: no local buckling was observed during open-air storage;the residual thermal deflections after girth-welding were controlled within 5 mm and the residual pre-set distances of bearings when the whole continuous girder reached its design state were controlled within 20 mm.展开更多
According to a lot of hydrological and environmental monitoring data, the condition of soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) is described. The occurrence and devel...According to a lot of hydrological and environmental monitoring data, the condition of soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) is described. The occurrence and development of soil and water loss is analyzed. The conclusion is that: (1) generally, the situation of soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) is light, however, soil and water loss in some regions is serious, especially in the middle reach area of the river; (2) soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River (in Yunnan section, China) watershed presents developing tendency and it is mainly caused by human beings. In accordance with these results, the control measures for soil and water loss are discussed.展开更多
Chaohu Lake, located in the central Anhui Province, is one of the five largest fresh lakes in China. Now it is one of the three most eutrophication lakes in China. The deterioration of its water quality has influenced...Chaohu Lake, located in the central Anhui Province, is one of the five largest fresh lakes in China. Now it is one of the three most eutrophication lakes in China. The deterioration of its water quality has influenced the sustainable development of society, economy and environment of Hefei City, the capital of Anhui Province. A series of measures have been carried out to control its eutrophication, but it is still serious. On the basis of the lake water quality data from 1984 to 2003, the causes of the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake are analyzed. Studies indicated that the suitable natural conditions and human activities played a crucial role in the process of the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake. A great amount of industrial, agricultural and domestic sewage discharged into the lake is the main cause of eutrophication in the lake. Land use, soil erosion and shoreline collapse destroyed the watershed eco-environment and the terrestrial ecosystem of Chaohu Lake. And the building of Yuxi Gate extends the sluggish of the nutritious substance and speeds up the process of the eutrophication. From the view of systematic engineering and watershed ecology, a series of the countermeasures have been put forward to control the eutrophication.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to analyze the current status and control measures of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou.[Method] The current status and existing problems of ecological resto...[Objective] The aim was to analyze the current status and control measures of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou.[Method] The current status and existing problems of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou were studied firstly,and main control measures were put forward according to existing problems.[Result] At present,Karst rocky desertification area in Guizhou has suitable ecological environment,obvious control results and rich control experience,and there exist many problems like ambiguous concept of ecological restoration,biased control emphasis,single control measure and serious water shortage due to lagging engineering construction.Control measures mainly include combining natural restoration with artificial tending to speed up ecological restoration,reinforcing the restoration and rebuilding of development and construction project to prevent the deterioration of regional ecological environment,speeding up the construction of environmental friendly energy infrastructures to decrease the damage of vegetation by human activities,increasing industrial structure adjustment and greatly developing green industry and improving the investment in technological innovation to promote the rapid development of ecological restoration.[Conclusion] The study could provide scientific references for the ecological restoration in other Karst rocky desertification area in Southwest China.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300221)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15–15)+1 种基金Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2024D03)Dong Hezhong Studio for Popularization of Science and Technology in Salt Tolerant Industrial Crops(202228297).
文摘Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.
基金financially supported by Gansu Province Science and Technology Program Funding(25YFFA005)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of China Railway Corporation(2017G004-E)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(23JRRE0741)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand protection mechanisms and effectiveness of various sand control measures for the Golmud-Korla Railway.Results reveal that wind-sand flow is significantly influenced by sand barrier with notable fluctuations in wind speed observed around these barriers.In the region of 0H to 5H(H is the height of the sand barrier model)downstream the barrier,where turbulent flow disturbances are particularly intense,substantial modifications to the airflow patterns were observed.Among the three types of sand barriers tested,the horizontal wind speed fluctuations on the leeward side of the reed bundle sand barrier are the most pronounced,with the lowest wind speed attenuation coefficient reaching 0.29.Within a specific range of wind speeds,the effective protective width of a sand barrier is negatively correlated with the upstream wind speed.The reed bundle sand barrier demonstrates the largest average protection width,followed by the highdensity polyethylene(HDPE)board sand barrier,while the metal mesh sand barrier provides the smallest protection.In the gravel desert area of southern Xinjiang,the sand trapping efficiency of the reed bundle and HDPE board barriers reaches 93.85%and 96.42%,respectively,with annual maximum accumulated sand volume of 3.342 m3/m and 3.73 m3/m.Both barriers demonstrate excellent wind-sand protection effects.From an environmental sustainability and operating lifetime perspective,a three-dimensional wind-sand control system composed of two or three reed bundle sand barriers is recommended for the Golmud-Korla Railway area.This endeavor would provide valuable insights and guidance for wind-sand disaster prevention and control in the gravel desert areas.
文摘This editorial critically evaluated the recent study by Wang et al,which systematically investigated the efficacy of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures(including preoperative povidone-iodine disinfection,intraoperative sterile barrier techniques,and postoperative intensive care)in reducing infection rates.The study further incorporated the surgical site infection risk prediction model(constructed via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator al-gorithm,integrating patients'baseline characteristics,surgical indicators,and regional antibiotic-resistant bacterial data),and proposed a dynamic prevention and control system termed“disinfection protocols-predictive models–real-time monitoring”.The article highlighted that preoperative risk stratification,intraoperative personalized antibiotic selection,and postoperative multidimensional monitoring(encompassing inflammatory biomarkers,imaging,and microbiological testing)enabled the precise identification of high-risk patients and optimized intervention thresholds.Future research is deemed necessary to validate the synergistic effects of disinfection protocols and predictive models through large-scale multicenter studies,combined with advanced intraoperative rapid microbial detection technologies.This approach aims to establish standardized infection control protocols tailored for precision medicine and regional adaptability.Future research should prioritize validating the synergistic effects of disinfection protocols and predictive models via multi-center studies,while incorporating advanced rapid intraoperative microbial detection technologies to develop standardized infection prevention and control procedures.Such efforts will enhance the implementation of precise and regionally adaptive infection control strategies.
基金Ongoing Research Funding program(ORF-2025-1404),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the chikungunya virus(CHIKV).It is characterized by acute onset of high fever,severe polyarthralgia,myalgia,headache,and maculopapular rash.The virus is rapidly spreading and may establish in new regions where competent mosquito vectors are present.This research analyzes the regulatory dynamics of a stochastic differential equation(SDE)model describing the transmission of the CHIKV,incorporating seasonal variations,immunization efforts,and environmentalffuctuations modeled through Poisson random measure noise under demographic heterogeneity.The model guarantees the existence of a global positive solution and demonstrates periodic dynamics driven by environmental factors.A key contribution of this study is the formulation of a stochastic threshold parameter,R0L,which characterizes the conditions for disease persistence or extinction under random environmental inffuences.Although our analysis highlights age-speciffc heterogeneities to illustrate differential transmission risks,the framework is general and can incorporate other vulnerable demographic groups,ensuring broader applicability of the results.Using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain(MCMC)method,we estimate R0L=1.4978(95%C-I:1.4968–1.5823)based on CHIKV data from Florida,USA,spanning 2005 to 2017,suggesting that the outbreak remains active and requires targeted control strategies.The effectiveness of immunization,screening,and treatment strategies varies depending on the prioritized demographic groups,due to substantial differences in CHIKV incidence across age categories in the USA.Numerical simulations were conducted using the truncated Euler–Maruyama method to robustly capture the stochastic dynamics of CHIKV transmission with Poissondriven jumps.Employing an iterative approach and assuming mild convexity conditions,we formulated and solved a parameterized near-optimality problem using the Ekeland variational principle.Ourffndings indicate that vaccination campaigns are signiffcantly more effective when focused on vulnerable adults over the age of 66,as well as individuals aged 21 to 25.Furthermore,enhancements in vaccine effcacy,diagnostic screening,and treatment protocols all contribute substantially to minimizing infection rates compared to current standard approaches.These insights support the development of targeted,age-speciffc public health interventions that can signiffcantly improve the management and control of future CHIKV outbreaks.
文摘BACKGROUND The application of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with postoperative infection can provide a data reference for reducing the postoperative infection rate,improving post-operative biochemical markers,and enhancing postoperative recovery outcomes.AIM To explore the effectiveness of perioperative disinfection and isolation measures in controlling postoperative infection following gastrointestinal surgery.It also sought to compare infection rates and biochemical markers between the obser-vation and control groups and evaluate the impact of disinfection and isolation measures on reducing postoperative complications.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted.Ninety-six patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery between January 2022 and December 2023 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group,with 48 cases in each.The observation group received disinfection and isolation measures during the perioperative period,whereas the control group received standard nursing care.The incidence of infection,white blood cell count,C-reactive protein levels,hemoglobin levels,and liver function markers(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen)were monitored postoperatively in both groups.RESULTS The postoperative infection rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).White blood cell and C-reactive protein levels decreased significantly after surgery in the observation group and were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group on postoperative days 1 and 3,showing a significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Perioperative disinfection and isolation measures effectively reduce postoperative infection rates in gastrointestinal surgery patients and improve biochemical markers,thereby enhancing recovery outcomes.This study provides a valuable basis for postoperative infection control and has significant clinical applications.
文摘With the development of our country’s social economy,the construction scale of water conservancy project has had an obvious expansion.In the construction of water conservancy projects,certain impacts on the surrounding water and soil conditions are inevitable.These impacts may lead to problems such as soil erosion,which can directly affect local production,livelihoods,and the natural ecological environment on which people depend.In severe cases,such issues may even hinder the progress and quality of the water conservancy project itself.Therefore,in the construction of water conservancy projects,soil and water conservation work is extremely important.Based on this,this paper mainly aimed at the prevention and control of water and soil conservation of water conservancy projects launched the relevant analysis and research.
文摘Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan river were mainly from the urban river segment,and the immediate cause of over standard was tributary pollutants in urban river segment with the runoff into rivers.So we should strengthen the maintenance of drainage control and gate-han,accelerate the construction of urban wastewater treatment facilities and supporting pipe network,promote rural decentralized sewage treatment,prevent and control livestock and poultry pollution,pesticides and fertilizers pollution,and intercept non-point source pollution by using eco-technology.
文摘Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,sharp decrease of global forest areas,soil erosion,acid rain pollution,water pollution and so on.This essay is to introduce the present status,formation causes and hazardous condition of acid rain pollution in china.Some feasible and effective control measures are put forward according to the actual situation in China.
文摘The development characteristics of Semiothisa cinerearia Bremer ＆ Grey was summarized, and we also put forward the control measures of well completing insect surveys to provide scientific basis for the control and actively carrying out comprehensive management to control the pests damage in the economic permissible level.
基金Supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(41102107)Basic Research Program for Technology Innovation,Chang'an University(CHD2012JC080)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to find out effective measures to solve land- scape water eutrophication. [Method] Based on an overview of the urban landscape water characteristics and pollution control situation, taking an example of the artificial lakes in a campus in Xi＇an, we comparatively analyzed the present pollution situation of Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake, and provided controlling measures against eutrophication pollution, as well as restoration measures. [Result] All the indicators （TN, TP, Chl-a, NH3-N, CODMn） of the landscape water quality in both Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake went severely beyond the Grade IV standards, presenting a state of heavy eutrophication. Nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient salts carried by atmospheric precipitation and its runoff, as well as domestic garbage generated by human activities were primary exogenous pollutants of the artificial lakes. And the release of sediment pollutants was endogenous substances causing deterioration of water quality. [Conclusion] This paper presents some measures to control the pollution of artificial lakes, and provides scientific references for the construction, operation and management of artificial lakes, as well as maintenance of aquatic environment.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate pesticide use in Qujing city and explore the control measures.[Method] Surveys were made on pesticide use by farmers in five vegetable bases in Qujing city by questionnaires to study pesticide use and existing problems by farmers.[Result] Some problems existed in pesticide use in Qujing,such as non-standard pesticide source,lower-recognition of pesticide and impacts of pesticide residues on environment,and without professional guidance.[Conclusion] The existing problems can be resolved by enhancing technical trainings of technicians or pesticide managers,strengthening pesticide promotion,and reinforcing examination of pesticide residues.
文摘Protected vegetable production made the traditional agriculture gradually get rid of the shackles of nature, broke the seasonal traditional agriculture and realized the anti season list of agricultural products. While protected vegetables often encountered sudden disasters in production and were restricted with the conditions of low temperature and weak light. Aimed at the sudden disasters of protected vegetable production in Hebei Province,the countermeasures for disaster prevention and control were put forward from the aspects of variety selection, seedling treatment technology,grafting technique,cultivation and management,flower and fruit retention technology,application of exogenous substance,rational fertilization,transgenic technology and so on,in order to reduce production risks and cut loss,realize that protected vegetable production is safe,good-quality and efficient.
文摘Peeling trunk,binding insect-attracting belt,cleaning orchard and soil-covering under the crown were the control methods on overwintering generation of oriental fruit moth.However,they had not been applied widely on the production because of the lack of systematic quantitative evaluation.Aiming at this fact,the control effects of these technical measures were studied in peach with different ripening period.The results showed that peeling trunk was the best with the control effect of88.64%.The control effect of binding insect-attracting belt of grass bundle was74.13%,which was the most economical and efficient.Covering with soil layer of 3cm under the crown during the middle ten days of March could holdback the adult getting out from soil.Cleaning deadwood could clean out the overwintering larvae on the ground.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971731,41771121)the Xinjiang National Key Research and Development Program(2019B00005)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFC0506705)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017476).
文摘Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert regions.Combating desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global scale.The Taklimakan Desert in China is the second largest mobile desert in the world and has been called the''Dead Sea''due to few organisms can exist in such a harsh environment.The Taklimakan Desert Highway,the longest desert highway(a total length of 446 km)across the mobile desert in the world,was built in the 1990s within the Taklimakan Desert.It has an important strategic significance regarding oil and gas resources exploration and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of southern Xinjiang,China.However,wind-blow sand seriously damages the smoothness of the desert highway and,in this case,mechanical sand control system(including sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards)was used early in the life of the desert highway to protect the road.Unfortunately,more than 70%of the sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards have lost their functions,and the desert highway has often been buried and frequently blocked since 1999.To solve this problem,a long artificial shelterbelt with the length of 437 km was built along the desert highway since 2000.However,some potential problems still exist for the sustainable development of the desert highway,such as water shortage,strong sandstorms,extreme environmental characteristics and large maintenance costs.The study aims to provide an overview of the damages caused by wind-blown sand and the effects of sand control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway.Ultimately,we provide some suggestions for the biological sand control system to ensure the sustainable development of the Taklimakan Desert Highway,such as screening drought-resistant species to reduce the irrigation requirement and ensure the sound development of groundwater,screening halophytes to restore vegetation in the case of soil salinization,and planting cash crops,such as Cistanche,Wolfberry,Apocynum and other cash crops to decrease the high cost of maintenance on highways and shelterbelts.
基金supported by the China Special Grant for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases[2012ZX10004907,2017ZX10105011]Natural Science Foundation of China[81473026]。
文摘Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in Western China.This study aimed to evaluate the strategy of hepatitis B prevention and control in Western China and identify potential areas and strategies for improvement.Methods Susceptible population vaccination,health education,professional training of doctors,and other prevention and control measures have been implemented in Wuwei city since 2010.Data were obtained from three representative cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 2010,2013,and 2015.The serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect the following seromarkers:HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs),and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc).Estimates of variance were determined using Taylor series linearization methods.Results The three serosurveys revealed decreases in the prevalence of HBsAg(7.19% in 2010 vs.6.51% in 2013 vs.5.87% in 2015)and anti-HBc positivity(43.89%vs.32.87%vs.28.46%)and an increase in the prevalence of anti-HBs positivity(49.07%vs.53.66%vs.53.72%)over time.From 2010 to 2015,the legally reported incidence of hepatitis B in Wuwei city decreased from 686.53/100,000 to 53.72/100,000.Notably,persistently high HBsAg-positive rates(above 5.40%)were observed among subjects aged 20–69 years old in the three serosurveys;the prevalence of HBsAg was above 1% among children younger than 10 years old.Furthermore,rural subjects had higher rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity than their urban counterparts(6.04%vs.4.83% and 30.26%vs.20.35%,respectively)in 2015 but had a lower rate of anti-HBs positivity(49.68 vs.55.18%).Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,urban and rural areas,and education level were the main factors affecting HBV infection.Conclusion Although vaccine-based prevention and control measures reduced the rate of HBV infection in Wuwei City over time,the hepatitis B infection rate in children younger than 10 years was still higher than the national average level.Therefore,the prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission and the management of the infected should be the focus of future prevention and control work.
基金supported by grants from Zhejiang Health Bureau (2008B073)Zhejiang Education Bureau (Y200909640)
文摘BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The present study was designed to determine the impact of quality control measures on the prevention of transmission of blood-borne viruses. METHODS: A total of 6182 adult maintenance HD patients from all HD units in Zhejiang Province were recruited on January 1, 2007. The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded and all patients were followed up until death or survival at 4 years later. The Quality Control Standards of Hemodialysis were gradually implemented in HD units. The HBV or HCV seroconversion rates of the recruited patients were calculated and compared every year during the observation period. RESULTS: The prevalence of HBV was 8.3% at the beginning of the study, and 6.6% for HCV. With the implementation of the HD quality control measures, the HBV seroconversion rate tended to decrease year by year (χ 2 =6.620, P=0.085), and the HCV seroconversion rate decreased significantly (χ 2 =10.41, P=0.015). Compared with the data in 2007, the HBV seroconversion rate (χ 2 =4.204, P=0.040, relative risk ratio 0.393, 95% CI 0.156-0.991) and the HCV seroconversion rate (χ 2 =7.373, P=0.007, relative risk ratio 0.386, 95% CI 0.189-0.787) decreased significantly in 2010. CONCLUSION: Quality control measures for HD decreased the seroconversion rates of HBV or HCV in HD patients, showing that updated quality control measures reduce the risk for transmission of blood-borne viruses in the HD population.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51578496 and 51878603)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ16E080001)。
文摘In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a span-scale girder segment is temporarily stored in the open air, temperature gradients will significantly increase the maximum reaction force on temporary supports and cause local buckling at the bottom of the girder segment. Secondly, due to the temperature difference of the girder segments before and after girth-welding, some residual thermal deflections will appear on the girder segments because the boundary conditions of the structure are changed by the girth-welding. Thirdly, the thermal expansion and thermal bending of girder segments will cause movement and rotation of bearings, which must be considered in setting bearings. We propose control measures for these problems based on finite element method simulation with field-measured temperatures. The local buckling during open-air storage can be avoided by reasonably determining the appropriate positions of temporary supports using analysis of overall and local stresses. The residual thermal deflections can be overcome by performing girth-welding during a period when the vertical temperature difference of the girder is within 1 °C, such as after 22:00. Some formulas are proposed to determine the pre-set distances for bearings, in which the movement and rotation of the bearings due to dead loads and thermal loads are considered. Finally, the feasibility of these control measures in the placement of span-scale girder segments on a real continuous girder was verified: no local buckling was observed during open-air storage;the residual thermal deflections after girth-welding were controlled within 5 mm and the residual pre-set distances of bearings when the whole continuous girder reached its design state were controlled within 20 mm.
文摘According to a lot of hydrological and environmental monitoring data, the condition of soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) is described. The occurrence and development of soil and water loss is analyzed. The conclusion is that: (1) generally, the situation of soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) is light, however, soil and water loss in some regions is serious, especially in the middle reach area of the river; (2) soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River (in Yunnan section, China) watershed presents developing tendency and it is mainly caused by human beings. In accordance with these results, the control measures for soil and water loss are discussed.
基金U nderthe auspicesofthe cooperative projectbetw een G overnm entofChina and Japan (N o.JIC A G L:SCH EFY 98)
文摘Chaohu Lake, located in the central Anhui Province, is one of the five largest fresh lakes in China. Now it is one of the three most eutrophication lakes in China. The deterioration of its water quality has influenced the sustainable development of society, economy and environment of Hefei City, the capital of Anhui Province. A series of measures have been carried out to control its eutrophication, but it is still serious. On the basis of the lake water quality data from 1984 to 2003, the causes of the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake are analyzed. Studies indicated that the suitable natural conditions and human activities played a crucial role in the process of the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake. A great amount of industrial, agricultural and domestic sewage discharged into the lake is the main cause of eutrophication in the lake. Land use, soil erosion and shoreline collapse destroyed the watershed eco-environment and the terrestrial ecosystem of Chaohu Lake. And the building of Yuxi Gate extends the sluggish of the nutritious substance and speeds up the process of the eutrophication. From the view of systematic engineering and watershed ecology, a series of the countermeasures have been put forward to control the eutrophication.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to analyze the current status and control measures of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou.[Method] The current status and existing problems of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou were studied firstly,and main control measures were put forward according to existing problems.[Result] At present,Karst rocky desertification area in Guizhou has suitable ecological environment,obvious control results and rich control experience,and there exist many problems like ambiguous concept of ecological restoration,biased control emphasis,single control measure and serious water shortage due to lagging engineering construction.Control measures mainly include combining natural restoration with artificial tending to speed up ecological restoration,reinforcing the restoration and rebuilding of development and construction project to prevent the deterioration of regional ecological environment,speeding up the construction of environmental friendly energy infrastructures to decrease the damage of vegetation by human activities,increasing industrial structure adjustment and greatly developing green industry and improving the investment in technological innovation to promote the rapid development of ecological restoration.[Conclusion] The study could provide scientific references for the ecological restoration in other Karst rocky desertification area in Southwest China.
