Individuals frequently generate emotion during the anticipation process and the anticipatory emotion has an important adaptive significance, especially the negative anticipative emotion. Many researches used conscious...Individuals frequently generate emotion during the anticipation process and the anticipatory emotion has an important adaptive significance, especially the negative anticipative emotion. Many researches used conscious emotion regulation strategy and successfully reduced negative anticipatory emotion. However, it is costly for our limited cognition. In the present study, we used sentence unscrambling tasks to prime unconscious emotion control goal and investigated its effect on anticipatory anxiety, including experience and physiological activity. The results showed that 1) relative to anticipating neutral images, participations’ anxiety experience and skin conductance level were higher when anticipating negative and unknown images;2) participants who had a unconscious emotion control goal primed achieved the same decrease in skin conductance as those explicitly instructed to reappraise, compared to a control group;3) heart rate was not affected by experiment condition and anticipation type. Together, these findings suggest that unconscious emotion regulation may provide an effective mean of regulating negative anticipatory emotion.展开更多
As a kind of relatively clean fossil energy,natural gas will face severe uncertainties in the background of carbon neutrality.Reviewing the medium-and long-term development trend of natural gas consumption is the prer...As a kind of relatively clean fossil energy,natural gas will face severe uncertainties in the background of carbon neutrality.Reviewing the medium-and long-term development trend of natural gas consumption is the prerequisite to better understanding the status of natural gas and ensure the sustainable development of natural gas industry.In this paper,a multi-model comparison framework is established on the basis of 8 representative integrated assessment models(CE3METL,DNE21+,IPAC,AIM/CGE,IMAGE,REMIND,WITCH and POLES).Then,the medium-and long-term evolution trend of China's total primary energy consumption and natural gas consumption in different scenarios of climate policy is discussed.In addition,comparative analysis is conducted on key time nodes such as 2030,2045 and 2060.And the following research results are obtained.Firstly,the prediction results of most models indicate that China's total primary energy consumption in 2060 will be lower than the level in 2019 except for the scenario of national determined contribution(NDC).Secondly,by 2060,the carbon neutrality goal year,the cross-model average level of natural gas consumption under the NDC,2.0℃,and 1.5℃ scenarios will be 6943×10^(8)m^(3),4342×10^(8)m^(3)and 2502×10^(8)m^(3),respectively.Thirdly,under the 1.5℃scenario,the decrease of total primary energy consumption shall begin in 2020,which means that faster technological progress and more effective combination of“nudge”policies are needed.Fourthly,under the temperature control goal of 2.0℃,natural gas consumption will account for about 13.6% of China's primary energy consumption in 2060,and this proportion will drop to 9% under the stricter 1.5℃ scenario.In conclusion,the multi-model comparison results can present different development paths of China's total primary energy consumption and natural gas consumption and its proportion during 2020-2060 more comprehensively,so as to provide support for formulating the medium-and long-term policies and strategies of natural gas industry under the challenge of climate change.展开更多
This study provides a framework of target costing to extend its original scope when the underlying distribution is non-normal. The new specification limits can be derived by listening to the market price from Taguchi ...This study provides a framework of target costing to extend its original scope when the underlying distribution is non-normal. The new specification limits can be derived by listening to the market price from Taguchi loss function. Later, the new specification limits can be linked through the non-normality-based C^^pk value along with non-normality-based X^^-Rcontrol charts to derive goal control limits. Moreover, an example is provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed framework of target costing by relentlessly reducing cost and improving product quality to gain competitiveness in the marketplace.展开更多
文摘Individuals frequently generate emotion during the anticipation process and the anticipatory emotion has an important adaptive significance, especially the negative anticipative emotion. Many researches used conscious emotion regulation strategy and successfully reduced negative anticipatory emotion. However, it is costly for our limited cognition. In the present study, we used sentence unscrambling tasks to prime unconscious emotion control goal and investigated its effect on anticipatory anxiety, including experience and physiological activity. The results showed that 1) relative to anticipating neutral images, participations’ anxiety experience and skin conductance level were higher when anticipating negative and unknown images;2) participants who had a unconscious emotion control goal primed achieved the same decrease in skin conductance as those explicitly instructed to reappraise, compared to a control group;3) heart rate was not affected by experiment condition and anticipation type. Together, these findings suggest that unconscious emotion regulation may provide an effective mean of regulating negative anticipatory emotion.
基金Project supported by“Research on the Coupling and Cooperative Control of Energy and Water in China’s Oil and Gas Development”(No.71673297)“Research on the Multiple Uncertainty Mechanism of Energy-Economy-Environment Integration Model and Emission Reduction Policies”(No.71874177)sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘As a kind of relatively clean fossil energy,natural gas will face severe uncertainties in the background of carbon neutrality.Reviewing the medium-and long-term development trend of natural gas consumption is the prerequisite to better understanding the status of natural gas and ensure the sustainable development of natural gas industry.In this paper,a multi-model comparison framework is established on the basis of 8 representative integrated assessment models(CE3METL,DNE21+,IPAC,AIM/CGE,IMAGE,REMIND,WITCH and POLES).Then,the medium-and long-term evolution trend of China's total primary energy consumption and natural gas consumption in different scenarios of climate policy is discussed.In addition,comparative analysis is conducted on key time nodes such as 2030,2045 and 2060.And the following research results are obtained.Firstly,the prediction results of most models indicate that China's total primary energy consumption in 2060 will be lower than the level in 2019 except for the scenario of national determined contribution(NDC).Secondly,by 2060,the carbon neutrality goal year,the cross-model average level of natural gas consumption under the NDC,2.0℃,and 1.5℃ scenarios will be 6943×10^(8)m^(3),4342×10^(8)m^(3)and 2502×10^(8)m^(3),respectively.Thirdly,under the 1.5℃scenario,the decrease of total primary energy consumption shall begin in 2020,which means that faster technological progress and more effective combination of“nudge”policies are needed.Fourthly,under the temperature control goal of 2.0℃,natural gas consumption will account for about 13.6% of China's primary energy consumption in 2060,and this proportion will drop to 9% under the stricter 1.5℃ scenario.In conclusion,the multi-model comparison results can present different development paths of China's total primary energy consumption and natural gas consumption and its proportion during 2020-2060 more comprehensively,so as to provide support for formulating the medium-and long-term policies and strategies of natural gas industry under the challenge of climate change.
文摘This study provides a framework of target costing to extend its original scope when the underlying distribution is non-normal. The new specification limits can be derived by listening to the market price from Taguchi loss function. Later, the new specification limits can be linked through the non-normality-based C^^pk value along with non-normality-based X^^-Rcontrol charts to derive goal control limits. Moreover, an example is provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed framework of target costing by relentlessly reducing cost and improving product quality to gain competitiveness in the marketplace.
