Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review...Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review provided an updated overview of the main bitter contributors of typical bitter fruits and vegetables and their health benefits.The main bitter contributors,including phenolics,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,nucleosides and purines,were summarized.The bioactivities and wide range of beneficial effects of them on anti-cancers,anti-inflammations,anti-microbes,neuroprotection,inhibiting chronic and acute injury in organs,as well as regulating behavior performance and metabolism were reported.Furthermore,not only did the bitter taste receptors(taste receptor type 2 family,T2Rs)show taste effects,but extra-oral T2Rs could also be activated by binding with bitter components,regulating physiological activities via modulating hormone secretion,immunity,metabolism,and cell proliferation.This review provided a new perspective on exploring and explaining the nutrition of bitter foods,revealing the relationship between the functions of bitter contributors from food and T2Rs.Future trends may focus on revealing the possibility of T2Rs being targets for the treatment of diseases,exploring the mechanism of T2Rs mediating the bioactivities,and making bitter foods more acceptable without getting rid of bitter contributors.展开更多
The number of people registering in an online community depends on two main factors:interest in,and awareness of,the project.Registering to a project does not,however,imply contributing to it,as lacking the knowledge ...The number of people registering in an online community depends on two main factors:interest in,and awareness of,the project.Registering to a project does not,however,imply contributing to it,as lacking the knowledge and skills can be a barrier to participation.In order to identify the nature of events that might have facilitated or hindered enrollments in the OpenStreetMap(OSM)project over time,we analyzed the correlations between the number of new participants and the events that dotted its history.Four different metrics were defined to characterize participants’behaviors:the daily number of registrations,the daily number of participants that made a first contribution,the delays between contributors’registration and their first edits,and a daily contribution ratio built from the number of new contributors and the number of new registered members.Time series analyses were used to identify trends,and outstanding variations of the number of participants.An inventory of events that took place along the OSM project’s history was created and appreciable variations of the metrics have been linked to events that seemed to be meaningful.Although a correlation does not imply causality,many of the explanations these correlations suggest are supported by the results of other studies,either directly or indirectly.For instance,when considering the time participants spend as“lurker”,as well as on the nature of the contribution of early participants.In other cases,they suggest new explanations for the origin of the spam accounts that affect registration statistics,or the decline in the proportion of registered members who actually become contributors.展开更多
Global Review is a bilingual(Chinese and English) bimonthly in IR category,the first of the kind in China,published by SIIS and the co-publisher Shanghai Association of International Relations.We invite contributions ...Global Review is a bilingual(Chinese and English) bimonthly in IR category,the first of the kind in China,published by SIIS and the co-publisher Shanghai Association of International Relations.We invite contributions submitted by Chinese as well展开更多
Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics (TNUAA) is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community. Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific ...Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics (TNUAA) is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community. Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights, TNUAA offers publication of new experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics, astronautics and civil aviation.展开更多
Plasma Science and Technology (ISSN 1009-0630, CN 34-1187/TL), an English journal of the Instituteof Plasma Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), accepts papers about new achievements andphase results of p...Plasma Science and Technology (ISSN 1009-0630, CN 34-1187/TL), an English journal of the Instituteof Plasma Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), accepts papers about new achievements andphase results of plasma physics. Specific interest areas include: fundamental research, experiment facilityconstruction and applications on high temperature plasma, low temperature plasma, astronomy and spaceplasma and discharge plasma. It also publishes reviews of new development of these areas as well as currentprogress of interdisciplinary and application sciences relating to plasma physics.展开更多
Petroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to repor...Petroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to reporting the achievements from basic research, latest high-tech research and advanced research over the entire spectrum of petroleum science, including petroleum geology, petroleum geophysics, oilfield development, petroleum engineering, oil storage and transportation, petrochemistry, petroleum machinery, petroleum business administration and other disciplines related to the oil industry. Colleagues from all spheres of petroleum science are welcome to contribute to our journal, whose first issue formally appeared in January 2004. The Editorial Office asks the contributors to adhere to the following guidelines.展开更多
World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion is an English academic journal sponsored by World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Scie...World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion is an English academic journal sponsored by World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,and China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion.It is published quarterly worldwide.The focus of the jour nal in eludes,but is not confined to,clin ical researches,summary of clinical experiences,experimental researches,clinical reports,needling techniques,moxibustion techniques,acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia,reviews,academic discussion,education and academic lectures,researches on historical documents,introduction to typical cases,meridian-collaterals and acupoints,proved acupoint or prescriptions of acupoints,news reports,newly-developed apparatuses,etc.The clinical,experimental papers and articles from teaching are welcomed.展开更多
PEDOSPHERE is a peer-reviewed international journal of soil science.It welcomes submissions from scientists around the world under a broad scope of topics relevant to timely,high quality original research findings,esp...PEDOSPHERE is a peer-reviewed international journal of soil science.It welcomes submissions from scientists around the world under a broad scope of topics relevant to timely,high quality original research findings,especially up-to-date achievements and advances in the entire field of soil science studies dealing with environmental science,ecology,agriculture,bioscience,geoscience,forestry,etc.展开更多
Entomotaxonomia is a journal of insect taxonomy established in 1979. It is an international peer-reviewed journal for publication of high-quality original articles in the theory and application of insect taxonomy, sys...Entomotaxonomia is a journal of insect taxonomy established in 1979. It is an international peer-reviewed journal for publication of high-quality original articles in the theory and application of insect taxonomy, systematics, phylogeny, biodiversity, and related fields. From January 2012, the journal accepts only English manuscripts rather than those submitted in Chinese.展开更多
The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press.The aim of the journal is to develop the inter...The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press.The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering.展开更多
1. Papers should be devoted mainly to various aspects of research concerning geosciences and related disciplines in China, such as stratigraphy, paleontology, origin and history of the Earth, structural geology, tecto...1. Papers should be devoted mainly to various aspects of research concerning geosciences and related disciplines in China, such as stratigraphy, paleontology, origin and history of the Earth, structural geology, tectonics, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, geology of mineral deposits, hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology, regional geology and new theories and technologies of geological exploration. Those of scientific interest to the geological community in China or of international interest are also welcome.展开更多
The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press.The aim of the journal is to develop the inter...The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press.The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering.展开更多
The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press. The aim of the journal is to develop the inte...The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press. The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering.展开更多
Petroleum Science,as a new academic journal in English,sponsored by the China University of Petroleum,introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China.It is devoted mainly to
The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press. The aim of the journal is to develop the inte...The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press. The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering.展开更多
etroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to report...etroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to reporting the achievements from basic research, latest high-tech research and advanced research over the entire spectrum of petroleum science, including petroleum geology, petroleum geophysics, oilfield development,展开更多
基金the financial support provided by“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C020122022C02078)。
文摘Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review provided an updated overview of the main bitter contributors of typical bitter fruits and vegetables and their health benefits.The main bitter contributors,including phenolics,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,nucleosides and purines,were summarized.The bioactivities and wide range of beneficial effects of them on anti-cancers,anti-inflammations,anti-microbes,neuroprotection,inhibiting chronic and acute injury in organs,as well as regulating behavior performance and metabolism were reported.Furthermore,not only did the bitter taste receptors(taste receptor type 2 family,T2Rs)show taste effects,but extra-oral T2Rs could also be activated by binding with bitter components,regulating physiological activities via modulating hormone secretion,immunity,metabolism,and cell proliferation.This review provided a new perspective on exploring and explaining the nutrition of bitter foods,revealing the relationship between the functions of bitter contributors from food and T2Rs.Future trends may focus on revealing the possibility of T2Rs being targets for the treatment of diseases,exploring the mechanism of T2Rs mediating the bioactivities,and making bitter foods more acceptable without getting rid of bitter contributors.
基金supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery GrantMemorial University of Newfoundland.
文摘The number of people registering in an online community depends on two main factors:interest in,and awareness of,the project.Registering to a project does not,however,imply contributing to it,as lacking the knowledge and skills can be a barrier to participation.In order to identify the nature of events that might have facilitated or hindered enrollments in the OpenStreetMap(OSM)project over time,we analyzed the correlations between the number of new participants and the events that dotted its history.Four different metrics were defined to characterize participants’behaviors:the daily number of registrations,the daily number of participants that made a first contribution,the delays between contributors’registration and their first edits,and a daily contribution ratio built from the number of new contributors and the number of new registered members.Time series analyses were used to identify trends,and outstanding variations of the number of participants.An inventory of events that took place along the OSM project’s history was created and appreciable variations of the metrics have been linked to events that seemed to be meaningful.Although a correlation does not imply causality,many of the explanations these correlations suggest are supported by the results of other studies,either directly or indirectly.For instance,when considering the time participants spend as“lurker”,as well as on the nature of the contribution of early participants.In other cases,they suggest new explanations for the origin of the spam accounts that affect registration statistics,or the decline in the proportion of registered members who actually become contributors.
文摘Global Review is a bilingual(Chinese and English) bimonthly in IR category,the first of the kind in China,published by SIIS and the co-publisher Shanghai Association of International Relations.We invite contributions submitted by Chinese as well
文摘Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics (TNUAA) is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community. Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights, TNUAA offers publication of new experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics, astronautics and civil aviation.
文摘Plasma Science and Technology (ISSN 1009-0630, CN 34-1187/TL), an English journal of the Instituteof Plasma Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), accepts papers about new achievements andphase results of plasma physics. Specific interest areas include: fundamental research, experiment facilityconstruction and applications on high temperature plasma, low temperature plasma, astronomy and spaceplasma and discharge plasma. It also publishes reviews of new development of these areas as well as currentprogress of interdisciplinary and application sciences relating to plasma physics.
文摘Petroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to reporting the achievements from basic research, latest high-tech research and advanced research over the entire spectrum of petroleum science, including petroleum geology, petroleum geophysics, oilfield development, petroleum engineering, oil storage and transportation, petrochemistry, petroleum machinery, petroleum business administration and other disciplines related to the oil industry. Colleagues from all spheres of petroleum science are welcome to contribute to our journal, whose first issue formally appeared in January 2004. The Editorial Office asks the contributors to adhere to the following guidelines.
文摘World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion is an English academic journal sponsored by World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,and China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion.It is published quarterly worldwide.The focus of the jour nal in eludes,but is not confined to,clin ical researches,summary of clinical experiences,experimental researches,clinical reports,needling techniques,moxibustion techniques,acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia,reviews,academic discussion,education and academic lectures,researches on historical documents,introduction to typical cases,meridian-collaterals and acupoints,proved acupoint or prescriptions of acupoints,news reports,newly-developed apparatuses,etc.The clinical,experimental papers and articles from teaching are welcomed.
文摘PEDOSPHERE is a peer-reviewed international journal of soil science.It welcomes submissions from scientists around the world under a broad scope of topics relevant to timely,high quality original research findings,especially up-to-date achievements and advances in the entire field of soil science studies dealing with environmental science,ecology,agriculture,bioscience,geoscience,forestry,etc.
文摘Entomotaxonomia is a journal of insect taxonomy established in 1979. It is an international peer-reviewed journal for publication of high-quality original articles in the theory and application of insect taxonomy, systematics, phylogeny, biodiversity, and related fields. From January 2012, the journal accepts only English manuscripts rather than those submitted in Chinese.
文摘The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press.The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering.
文摘1. Papers should be devoted mainly to various aspects of research concerning geosciences and related disciplines in China, such as stratigraphy, paleontology, origin and history of the Earth, structural geology, tectonics, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, geology of mineral deposits, hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology, regional geology and new theories and technologies of geological exploration. Those of scientific interest to the geological community in China or of international interest are also welcome.
文摘The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press.The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering.
文摘The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press. The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering.
文摘Petroleum Science,as a new academic journal in English,sponsored by the China University of Petroleum,introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China.It is devoted mainly to
文摘The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering is the official journal of The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press. The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering.
文摘etroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to reporting the achievements from basic research, latest high-tech research and advanced research over the entire spectrum of petroleum science, including petroleum geology, petroleum geophysics, oilfield development,
