Guided bone regeneration (GBR) often utilizes a combination of autologous bone grafts, deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM), and collagen membranes. DBBM and collagen membranes pre-coated with bone-conditioned medi...Guided bone regeneration (GBR) often utilizes a combination of autologous bone grafts, deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM), and collagen membranes. DBBM and collagen membranes pre-coated with bone-conditioned medium (BCM) extracted from locally harvested autologous bone chips have shown great regenerative potential in GBR. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the composition of BCM and its activity on the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. We detected a fast and significant (P <0.001) release of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) from autologous bone within 10 min versus a delayed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release from 40 min onwards. BCMs harvested within short time periods (10, 20, or 40 min), corresponding to the time of a typical surgical procedure, significantly increased the proliferative activity and collagen matrix production of BCM-treated cells. Long-term (1, 3, or 6 days)-extracted BCMs promoted the later stages of osteoblast differentiation and maturation. Short-term-extracted BCMs, in which TGF-β1 but no BMP-2was detected, reduced the expression of the late differentiation marker osteocalcin. However, when both growth factors were present simultaneously in the BCM, no inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation were observed, suggesting a synergistic TGF-β1/BMP-2 activity. Consequently, in cells that were co-stimulated with recombinant TGF-β1 and BMP-2, we showed a significant stimulatory and dose-dependent effect of TGF-β1 on BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation due to prolonged BMP signaling and reduced expression of the BMP-2 antagonist noggin. Altogether, our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the favorable outcome from GBR procedures using BCM, derived from autologous bone grafts.展开更多
In rice, OsABA8ox encodes abscisic acid(ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the committed step of ABA catabolism. The contribution of ABA catabolism in root development remains unclear. We investigated the role of O...In rice, OsABA8ox encodes abscisic acid(ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the committed step of ABA catabolism. The contribution of ABA catabolism in root development remains unclear. We investigated the role of OsABA8ox2 in root growth and development and drought response. GUS staining results showed that OsABA8ox2 was expressed mainly in roots at seedling stage and was strongly expressed in the meristematic zone of the radicle. OsABA8ox2 expression in roots was markedly decreased after 0.5 h polyethylene glycol(PEG) treatment and increased after 0.5 h rehydration, implying that OsABA8ox2 is a drought-responsive gene.OsABA8ox2 knockout mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system increased drought-induced ABA and indole-3-acetic acid accumulation in roots, conferred increased ABA sensitivity, and promoted a more vertically oriented root system architecture(RSA) beneficial to drought tolerance.OsABA8ox2 overexpression suppressed root elongation and increased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Consequently, OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improved rice drought tolerance, whereas OsABA8ox2 overexpression seedlings were hypersensitive to drought stress,suggesting that OsABA8ox2 contributes to drought response in rice. Compared with wild type,functional leaves of OsABA8ox2 knockout seedlings showed higher ABA levels, whereas overexpression lines showed lower ABA levels, suggesting that OsABA8ox2, as an ABA catabolic gene, modulates ABA concentration through ABA catabolism. OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 were both localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Together, these results indicate that OsABA8ox2 suppresses root elongation of rice seedlings, increases water transpiration, and contributes to drought response through ABA catabolism, and that OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improves rice drought tolerance. They highlight the key role of ABA catabolism mediated by OsABA8ox2 on root growth and development. OsABA8ox2, as a novel RSA gene, would be a potential genetic target for the improvement of rice drought tolerance.展开更多
SAMR Vice-Minister and SAC Administrator Tian Shihong as the Leader of the Chinese delegation attended the 109th ISO Council Meeting in Costa Rica and subsequently the fourth meeting of the China-UK Standardization Co...SAMR Vice-Minister and SAC Administrator Tian Shihong as the Leader of the Chinese delegation attended the 109th ISO Council Meeting in Costa Rica and subsequently the fourth meeting of the China-UK Standardization Cooperati on Commissi on in the UK from June 10 to 17.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous 20 -23 -nucleotide (nt) -containing small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in diverse biological and pathological processes,including cell differentiation,proli...MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous 20 -23 -nucleotide (nt) -containing small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in diverse biological and pathological processes,including cell differentiation,proliferation, apoptosis,heart disease and human cancers.We investigated miR-133 expression and its potential role in a high glucose-induced myocardium in Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced C57bl6 mouse model of diabetes.miR-133 expression was significantly increased in myocardium in a time-dependent manner after STZ treatment.IGF1 receptor(IGF1R) protein was dramatically decreased without obvious up-regulation of its mRNA level post hyperglycemia.IGF1R protein level was decreaed with increase of its transcript level in neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes induced by high D-glucose concentration. Dual luciferase assay revealed that miR133 could interact with specific sites in the 3’UTR of IGF1R gene.p-ERK and p-Akt levels were reduced in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes over-expressed with miR133 after IGF treatment.Introduction of functional miR-133,IGF1R siRNA into neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes could enhance cardiomyocyte apoptosis.These results implicate that miR-133 is involved in contributing to high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via regulating IGF1R expression post-transcriptionally.展开更多
Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the Party and the State have gained a richer and deeper understanding of human rights.In 1997,the 15;Communist Party of China National Congress Report put forward"r...Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the Party and the State have gained a richer and deeper understanding of human rights.In 1997,the 15;Communist Party of China National Congress Report put forward"respect for human rights".In 2004,the idea that"the State respects and protects human rights"was written into展开更多
The writer makes a survey among her students to know their opinions on the relation between outside class reading in English and English learning. After the analysis of the results, this paper points out that outside ...The writer makes a survey among her students to know their opinions on the relation between outside class reading in English and English learning. After the analysis of the results, this paper points out that outside class reading plays a positive role in English learning. Furthermore, some suggestions are made in the end.展开更多
Based on the Olsson-Turn’s Lagrangian, contribution to DCX reaction from the contact term has been discussed, The result shows that althought there are some cancellations between the pole-and contact-term contributio...Based on the Olsson-Turn’s Lagrangian, contribution to DCX reaction from the contact term has been discussed, The result shows that althought there are some cancellations between the pole-and contact-term contributions the contact term must be carefully included in any assessment of DCX reaction and can not be discarded a priori.展开更多
Dear Editor,Chemotherapy is one of major means for cancer treatments, and many of chemotherapeutic drugs are DNA damaging agents that reduce tumor growth through triggering cancer cell apoptosis or necrosis. Following...Dear Editor,Chemotherapy is one of major means for cancer treatments, and many of chemotherapeutic drugs are DNA damaging agents that reduce tumor growth through triggering cancer cell apoptosis or necrosis. Following DNA damage, ataxia telangiectasia mutated （ATM）, a protein kinase, was acti- vated and a cytosolic complex containing ATM, NEMO, RIP1 were formed （Biton and Ashkenazi, 2011）.展开更多
Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV） causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide （Berg,2000）. The molecular basis for the virulence of very virulent IBDV （vvIBDV） is not fully ...Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV） causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide （Berg,2000）. The molecular basis for the virulence of very virulent IBDV （vvIBDV） is not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that genome segment A, especically VP2 protein, plays the most important role in the tropism and pathogenicity of serotype 1 IBDV （Brandt et al., 2001）. VP2 is,however, unlikely to be the only factor for the virulence of vvIBDV （Boot et al., 2000）.展开更多
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its expression levels correlate with decreased patient survival. Nonetheless, therapies aiming at blocking ...Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its expression levels correlate with decreased patient survival. Nonetheless, therapies aiming at blocking EGFR has shown limited efficacy in a proportion of patients with HNSCC in clinical trials. Sok et al. in a recent paper (Clin Cancer Res, 2006, 12:5064-5073 ) attempted to ascertain whether it is due to mutation of EGFR. As the most common form of mutation of EGFR seen in several other types of cancer is a truncation mutation,展开更多
Objective To explore the role of miR-202 in multiple myeloma(MM)cells,and study the regulation of miR-202 on drug sensitivity of MM cells.Methods miR-202 and BAFF mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR.U266 cells ...Objective To explore the role of miR-202 in multiple myeloma(MM)cells,and study the regulation of miR-202 on drug sensitivity of MM cells.Methods miR-202 and BAFF mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR.U266 cells were transfected with miR-202-mimics,miR-202-inhibitor,siB AFF and their negative controls.展开更多
Detecting changes in vegetation,distinguishing the persistence of changes,and seeking their causes during multiple periods are important to gaining a deeper understanding of vegetation dynamics.Using the Global Invent...Detecting changes in vegetation,distinguishing the persistence of changes,and seeking their causes during multiple periods are important to gaining a deeper understanding of vegetation dynamics.Using the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)version NDVI_(3g) dataset in the Tibetan Plateau,the trends in the seasonal components of NDVI and their linkage with climatic factors were analyzed over 14 asymptotic periods of 18–31 years since 1982.Dynamic trends in vegetation experienced an obvious increase at regional scale,but the increases of vegetation activity mostly tended to stall or slow down as the studied time period was extended.At pixel scale,areas with significant browning significantly expanded over 14 periods for all seasons,but for significant greening significantly increased only in autumn.The changes of vegetation activity in spring were the most drastic among three seasons.Increased increments of NDVI in summer,spring,and autumn took turns being the main reason for the enhanced vegetation activity in the growing season in the nested 14 periods.Vegetation activity was mainly regulated by a thermal factor,and the dominant climatic drivers of vegetation growth varied across different seasons and regions.We speculate that the increase of NDVI will continue but the increments will decline in all seasons except autumn.展开更多
Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LM...Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research pa...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regiona...Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regional hydrological cycle.The deuterium excess(d-excess)indicates deviation in isotope fractionation during evaporation and can trace water vapor sources.This study analyzed 443 precipitation samples collected from the Gannan Plateau,China in 2022 to assess precipitation isotope variations and their driving factors.Water vapor sources were evaluated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT),Concentration Weighted Trajectory(CWT),and Potential Source Contribution Factor(PSCF)models.Results showed that precipitation isotope values showed significant spatial and temporal variations on the Gannan Plateau.Temporally,precipitation isotope values peaked in June(when evaporation dominated)and minimized in March(depletion effect of air masses in the westerly wind belt).Spatially,the isotope values showed a distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",which was mainly regulated by the differences in altitude and local meteorological conditions.Compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL)with equation of δ^(2)H=8.00δ^(18)O+10.00,the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL)for precipitation on the Gannan Plateau were smaller(7.49 and 7.63,respectively),reflecting the existence of a stronger secondary evaporation effect under the clouds in the region.The sources of water vapor on the Gannan Plateau showed significant seasonality and spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,the westerly belt and monsoon were the main water vapor transport paths at each sampling point,with Central Asian continental water vapor dominating in spring(53.49%),Indian Ocean water vapor dominating in summer(52.53%),Atlantic Ocean water vapor dominating in autumn(46.74%),and Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea water vapor dominating in winter(42.30%and 33.68%,respectively).Changes in the intensity of convective activity and Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)affected the enrichment of isotopic values,which exhibited the same change trends as δ^(18)O.During the precipitation process,the δ^(18)O value first decreased and then increased.During the initial and final stages of precipitation process,precipitation was mainly influenced by continental air masses,while during the middle stage,it was controlled by marine air masses.The systematic research on precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources is important for climate change research and extreme precipitation prediction on the Gannan Plateau and other similar areas.展开更多
The poet Ce.Naka written two pieces of poems to describe the Jangar Singer Purevjav Sharkhuu,re⁃spectively Khovor Erdene(1978)and Purevjav Urlagiin taisand garav(1986).These two poems made a vivid descriotions of the ...The poet Ce.Naka written two pieces of poems to describe the Jangar Singer Purevjav Sharkhuu,re⁃spectively Khovor Erdene(1978)and Purevjav Urlagiin taisand garav(1986).These two poems made a vivid descriotions of the Jangar Singer and truly reflected his valuable contributions to the tradion and in⁃heritance of Epic Jangar.展开更多
IN his video speech to the United Nations Climate Summit held in New York on September 24,Chinese President Xi Jinping announced China’s new Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC)—the efforts taken by each country...IN his video speech to the United Nations Climate Summit held in New York on September 24,Chinese President Xi Jinping announced China’s new Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC)—the efforts taken by each country to reduce their emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.展开更多
The arsenic(As)release from sediments in great lakes is affected by various factors.In this study,the characteristics of As release fromsediments was investigated,and the As sources and sinks with the strengths in sed...The arsenic(As)release from sediments in great lakes is affected by various factors.In this study,the characteristics of As release fromsediments was investigated,and the As sources and sinks with the strengths in sediments from different areas(grass-type,algae-type,and grass-algae alternation areas)in great shallow lakes(Taihu Lake,China)were analyzed,and the influence of P competition in the process of As release was also studied.The results showed that changing trend of the values of equilibrium As concentration in sediments were consistent with the regional changes(0 to 28.12μg/L),and the sediments from algaetype areas had the higher values.The sediments from western lake and northwest lake bay were a strong As and a weak P source,and the north lake bay had the opposite trend of these two regions.Intense P source competition with As from the sediments occurred in algae-type areas.The grass-type areas had strong As and P retention capacities,indicating a sink role of sediment with high As and P sorption capacities.The degree of As and P saturation had similar trend in sediments,and the grass-type areas had the higher values,18.3%-21.4%and 15.31%-20.34%,respectively.Contribution analysis results showed that most of As release contribution was from the bottom(30-50 cm)sediments,and the surface(0-10 cm)sediments from algae-type areas contributed more to the overlying water than other region.展开更多
The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. T...The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and environmental heterogeneity of phytoplankton communities in the CRE, as well as to understand the factors driving their assemblage. Utilizing ecological survey data collected from the CRE and adjacent waters during spring and summer from 2018 to 2020, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of phytoplankton β-diversity in the region. We decomposed β-diversity into species contributions to β-diversity(SCBD)and local contributions to β-diversity(LCBD) to examine spatial differences in phytoplankton diversity and the contributions of individual species within the community. Our findings reveal that spatial differences, primarily driven by water salinity and distance from the coastline, are key factors influencing the heterogeneity of phytoplankton community composition. Key species such as Skeletonema costatum, Melosira granulata, and M. granulata var.angustissima significantly affected β-diversity. Further, β-diversity decomposition reveals that community assembly is driven by interactive biogeochemical forces: salinity gradients shape spatial heterogeneity through runoff-seawater mixing, eutrophic conditions promote the dominance of nutrient-dependent taxa, and silica availability regulates diatom-to-flagellate succession. This study provides a methodological paradigm for analyzing phytoplankton community assembly mechanisms in estuaries, thereby offering scientific support for biogeography-based ecosystem management in the CRE.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the ITI International Team for Implantology Foundation 1235_2017 to M.B.A
文摘Guided bone regeneration (GBR) often utilizes a combination of autologous bone grafts, deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM), and collagen membranes. DBBM and collagen membranes pre-coated with bone-conditioned medium (BCM) extracted from locally harvested autologous bone chips have shown great regenerative potential in GBR. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the composition of BCM and its activity on the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. We detected a fast and significant (P <0.001) release of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) from autologous bone within 10 min versus a delayed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release from 40 min onwards. BCMs harvested within short time periods (10, 20, or 40 min), corresponding to the time of a typical surgical procedure, significantly increased the proliferative activity and collagen matrix production of BCM-treated cells. Long-term (1, 3, or 6 days)-extracted BCMs promoted the later stages of osteoblast differentiation and maturation. Short-term-extracted BCMs, in which TGF-β1 but no BMP-2was detected, reduced the expression of the late differentiation marker osteocalcin. However, when both growth factors were present simultaneously in the BCM, no inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation were observed, suggesting a synergistic TGF-β1/BMP-2 activity. Consequently, in cells that were co-stimulated with recombinant TGF-β1 and BMP-2, we showed a significant stimulatory and dose-dependent effect of TGF-β1 on BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation due to prolonged BMP signaling and reduced expression of the BMP-2 antagonist noggin. Altogether, our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the favorable outcome from GBR procedures using BCM, derived from autologous bone grafts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501244)Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Elite Youth Program Grant to Yubin Lithe Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(1610392019001)。
文摘In rice, OsABA8ox encodes abscisic acid(ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the committed step of ABA catabolism. The contribution of ABA catabolism in root development remains unclear. We investigated the role of OsABA8ox2 in root growth and development and drought response. GUS staining results showed that OsABA8ox2 was expressed mainly in roots at seedling stage and was strongly expressed in the meristematic zone of the radicle. OsABA8ox2 expression in roots was markedly decreased after 0.5 h polyethylene glycol(PEG) treatment and increased after 0.5 h rehydration, implying that OsABA8ox2 is a drought-responsive gene.OsABA8ox2 knockout mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system increased drought-induced ABA and indole-3-acetic acid accumulation in roots, conferred increased ABA sensitivity, and promoted a more vertically oriented root system architecture(RSA) beneficial to drought tolerance.OsABA8ox2 overexpression suppressed root elongation and increased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Consequently, OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improved rice drought tolerance, whereas OsABA8ox2 overexpression seedlings were hypersensitive to drought stress,suggesting that OsABA8ox2 contributes to drought response in rice. Compared with wild type,functional leaves of OsABA8ox2 knockout seedlings showed higher ABA levels, whereas overexpression lines showed lower ABA levels, suggesting that OsABA8ox2, as an ABA catabolic gene, modulates ABA concentration through ABA catabolism. OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 were both localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Together, these results indicate that OsABA8ox2 suppresses root elongation of rice seedlings, increases water transpiration, and contributes to drought response through ABA catabolism, and that OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improves rice drought tolerance. They highlight the key role of ABA catabolism mediated by OsABA8ox2 on root growth and development. OsABA8ox2, as a novel RSA gene, would be a potential genetic target for the improvement of rice drought tolerance.
文摘SAMR Vice-Minister and SAC Administrator Tian Shihong as the Leader of the Chinese delegation attended the 109th ISO Council Meeting in Costa Rica and subsequently the fourth meeting of the China-UK Standardization Cooperati on Commissi on in the UK from June 10 to 17.
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous 20 -23 -nucleotide (nt) -containing small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in diverse biological and pathological processes,including cell differentiation,proliferation, apoptosis,heart disease and human cancers.We investigated miR-133 expression and its potential role in a high glucose-induced myocardium in Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced C57bl6 mouse model of diabetes.miR-133 expression was significantly increased in myocardium in a time-dependent manner after STZ treatment.IGF1 receptor(IGF1R) protein was dramatically decreased without obvious up-regulation of its mRNA level post hyperglycemia.IGF1R protein level was decreaed with increase of its transcript level in neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes induced by high D-glucose concentration. Dual luciferase assay revealed that miR133 could interact with specific sites in the 3’UTR of IGF1R gene.p-ERK and p-Akt levels were reduced in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes over-expressed with miR133 after IGF treatment.Introduction of functional miR-133,IGF1R siRNA into neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes could enhance cardiomyocyte apoptosis.These results implicate that miR-133 is involved in contributing to high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via regulating IGF1R expression post-transcriptionally.
文摘Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the Party and the State have gained a richer and deeper understanding of human rights.In 1997,the 15;Communist Party of China National Congress Report put forward"respect for human rights".In 2004,the idea that"the State respects and protects human rights"was written into
文摘The writer makes a survey among her students to know their opinions on the relation between outside class reading in English and English learning. After the analysis of the results, this paper points out that outside class reading plays a positive role in English learning. Furthermore, some suggestions are made in the end.
文摘Based on the Olsson-Turn’s Lagrangian, contribution to DCX reaction from the contact term has been discussed, The result shows that althought there are some cancellations between the pole-and contact-term contributions the contact term must be carefully included in any assessment of DCX reaction and can not be discarded a priori.
文摘Dear Editor,Chemotherapy is one of major means for cancer treatments, and many of chemotherapeutic drugs are DNA damaging agents that reduce tumor growth through triggering cancer cell apoptosis or necrosis. Following DNA damage, ataxia telangiectasia mutated （ATM）, a protein kinase, was acti- vated and a cytosolic complex containing ATM, NEMO, RIP1 were formed （Biton and Ashkenazi, 2011）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500129, 31430087)
文摘Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV） causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide （Berg,2000）. The molecular basis for the virulence of very virulent IBDV （vvIBDV） is not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that genome segment A, especically VP2 protein, plays the most important role in the tropism and pathogenicity of serotype 1 IBDV （Brandt et al., 2001）. VP2 is,however, unlikely to be the only factor for the virulence of vvIBDV （Boot et al., 2000）.
文摘Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its expression levels correlate with decreased patient survival. Nonetheless, therapies aiming at blocking EGFR has shown limited efficacy in a proportion of patients with HNSCC in clinical trials. Sok et al. in a recent paper (Clin Cancer Res, 2006, 12:5064-5073 ) attempted to ascertain whether it is due to mutation of EGFR. As the most common form of mutation of EGFR seen in several other types of cancer is a truncation mutation,
文摘Objective To explore the role of miR-202 in multiple myeloma(MM)cells,and study the regulation of miR-202 on drug sensitivity of MM cells.Methods miR-202 and BAFF mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR.U266 cells were transfected with miR-202-mimics,miR-202-inhibitor,siB AFF and their negative controls.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China[grant number 2016YFC0500401-5]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41001055].
文摘Detecting changes in vegetation,distinguishing the persistence of changes,and seeking their causes during multiple periods are important to gaining a deeper understanding of vegetation dynamics.Using the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)version NDVI_(3g) dataset in the Tibetan Plateau,the trends in the seasonal components of NDVI and their linkage with climatic factors were analyzed over 14 asymptotic periods of 18–31 years since 1982.Dynamic trends in vegetation experienced an obvious increase at regional scale,but the increases of vegetation activity mostly tended to stall or slow down as the studied time period was extended.At pixel scale,areas with significant browning significantly expanded over 14 periods for all seasons,but for significant greening significantly increased only in autumn.The changes of vegetation activity in spring were the most drastic among three seasons.Increased increments of NDVI in summer,spring,and autumn took turns being the main reason for the enhanced vegetation activity in the growing season in the nested 14 periods.Vegetation activity was mainly regulated by a thermal factor,and the dominant climatic drivers of vegetation growth varied across different seasons and regions.We speculate that the increase of NDVI will continue but the increments will decline in all seasons except autumn.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42161006Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects No.202201AT070094,No.202301BF070001-004+1 种基金Special Project for High-level Talents of Yunnan Province for Young Top Talents,No.C6213001159European Research Council(ERC)Starting-Grant STORIES,No.101040939。
文摘Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42161007)the Innovation Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Gansu Province(2021B-081)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province(20JR10RA112).
文摘Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regional hydrological cycle.The deuterium excess(d-excess)indicates deviation in isotope fractionation during evaporation and can trace water vapor sources.This study analyzed 443 precipitation samples collected from the Gannan Plateau,China in 2022 to assess precipitation isotope variations and their driving factors.Water vapor sources were evaluated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT),Concentration Weighted Trajectory(CWT),and Potential Source Contribution Factor(PSCF)models.Results showed that precipitation isotope values showed significant spatial and temporal variations on the Gannan Plateau.Temporally,precipitation isotope values peaked in June(when evaporation dominated)and minimized in March(depletion effect of air masses in the westerly wind belt).Spatially,the isotope values showed a distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",which was mainly regulated by the differences in altitude and local meteorological conditions.Compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL)with equation of δ^(2)H=8.00δ^(18)O+10.00,the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL)for precipitation on the Gannan Plateau were smaller(7.49 and 7.63,respectively),reflecting the existence of a stronger secondary evaporation effect under the clouds in the region.The sources of water vapor on the Gannan Plateau showed significant seasonality and spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,the westerly belt and monsoon were the main water vapor transport paths at each sampling point,with Central Asian continental water vapor dominating in spring(53.49%),Indian Ocean water vapor dominating in summer(52.53%),Atlantic Ocean water vapor dominating in autumn(46.74%),and Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea water vapor dominating in winter(42.30%and 33.68%,respectively).Changes in the intensity of convective activity and Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)affected the enrichment of isotopic values,which exhibited the same change trends as δ^(18)O.During the precipitation process,the δ^(18)O value first decreased and then increased.During the initial and final stages of precipitation process,precipitation was mainly influenced by continental air masses,while during the middle stage,it was controlled by marine air masses.The systematic research on precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources is important for climate change research and extreme precipitation prediction on the Gannan Plateau and other similar areas.
文摘The poet Ce.Naka written two pieces of poems to describe the Jangar Singer Purevjav Sharkhuu,re⁃spectively Khovor Erdene(1978)and Purevjav Urlagiin taisand garav(1986).These two poems made a vivid descriotions of the Jangar Singer and truly reflected his valuable contributions to the tradion and in⁃heritance of Epic Jangar.
文摘IN his video speech to the United Nations Climate Summit held in New York on September 24,Chinese President Xi Jinping announced China’s new Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC)—the efforts taken by each country to reduce their emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.52000024 and 41907335)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1400700).
文摘The arsenic(As)release from sediments in great lakes is affected by various factors.In this study,the characteristics of As release fromsediments was investigated,and the As sources and sinks with the strengths in sediments from different areas(grass-type,algae-type,and grass-algae alternation areas)in great shallow lakes(Taihu Lake,China)were analyzed,and the influence of P competition in the process of As release was also studied.The results showed that changing trend of the values of equilibrium As concentration in sediments were consistent with the regional changes(0 to 28.12μg/L),and the sediments from algaetype areas had the higher values.The sediments from western lake and northwest lake bay were a strong As and a weak P source,and the north lake bay had the opposite trend of these two regions.Intense P source competition with As from the sediments occurred in algae-type areas.The grass-type areas had strong As and P retention capacities,indicating a sink role of sediment with high As and P sorption capacities.The degree of As and P saturation had similar trend in sediments,and the grass-type areas had the higher values,18.3%-21.4%and 15.31%-20.34%,respectively.Contribution analysis results showed that most of As release contribution was from the bottom(30-50 cm)sediments,and the surface(0-10 cm)sediments from algae-type areas contributed more to the overlying water than other region.
基金The program of opening ceremony to select the best candidates of the Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies,MNR under contract No. MEMRT2024JBGS01。
文摘The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and environmental heterogeneity of phytoplankton communities in the CRE, as well as to understand the factors driving their assemblage. Utilizing ecological survey data collected from the CRE and adjacent waters during spring and summer from 2018 to 2020, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of phytoplankton β-diversity in the region. We decomposed β-diversity into species contributions to β-diversity(SCBD)and local contributions to β-diversity(LCBD) to examine spatial differences in phytoplankton diversity and the contributions of individual species within the community. Our findings reveal that spatial differences, primarily driven by water salinity and distance from the coastline, are key factors influencing the heterogeneity of phytoplankton community composition. Key species such as Skeletonema costatum, Melosira granulata, and M. granulata var.angustissima significantly affected β-diversity. Further, β-diversity decomposition reveals that community assembly is driven by interactive biogeochemical forces: salinity gradients shape spatial heterogeneity through runoff-seawater mixing, eutrophic conditions promote the dominance of nutrient-dependent taxa, and silica availability regulates diatom-to-flagellate succession. This study provides a methodological paradigm for analyzing phytoplankton community assembly mechanisms in estuaries, thereby offering scientific support for biogeography-based ecosystem management in the CRE.
