The effects of carbon-ion irradiation on cancer cell telomere function have not been comprehensively studied[1]. Our previous report showed that cancer cells with telomere dysfunction were more sensitive to carbon-ion...The effects of carbon-ion irradiation on cancer cell telomere function have not been comprehensively studied[1]. Our previous report showed that cancer cells with telomere dysfunction were more sensitive to carbon-ion irradiation,but the mechanism that link telomere dysfunction and cancer cell inactivation has not been investigated.展开更多
4 November 2013,Shenzhen,China-ZTE Corporation,a publicly-listed global provider of telecommunications equip ment,network solutions and mobile devices,and BASE Company,the Belgian subsidiary of Dutch mobile operator K...4 November 2013,Shenzhen,China-ZTE Corporation,a publicly-listed global provider of telecommunications equip ment,network solutions and mobile devices,and BASE Company,the Belgian subsidiary of Dutch mobile operator KPN,have launched BASE Company＇s 4G services in Belgium.展开更多
Dust storms are one of the most frequent meteorological disasters in China,endangering agricultural production,transportation,air quality,and the safety of people’s lives and property.Against the backdrop of climate ...Dust storms are one of the most frequent meteorological disasters in China,endangering agricultural production,transportation,air quality,and the safety of people’s lives and property.Against the backdrop of climate change,Mongolia’s contribution to China’s dust cannot be ignored in recent years.In this study,we used the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem),along with dynamic dust sources and the HYSPLIT model,to analyze the contributions of different dust sources to dust concentrations in northern China in March and April 2023.The results show that the frequency of dust storms in 2023 was the highest observed in the past decade.Mongolia and the Taklimakan Desert were identified as two main dust sources contributing to northern China.Specifically,Mongolia contributed more than 42%of dust,while the Taklimakan Desert accounted for 26%.A cold high-pressure center,a cold front,and a Mongolian cyclone resulted in the transport of dust aerosols from Mongolia and the Taklimakan Desert to northern China,where they affected most parts of the region.Moreover,two machine learning methods[the XGBoost algorithm and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)]were used to forecast the dust storms in March 2023,based on ground observations and WRF-Chem simulations over East Asia.XGBoost-SMOTE performed well in predicting hourly PM10 concentrations in China in March 2023,with a mean absolute error of 33.8μg m−3 and RMSE of 54.2μg m−3.展开更多
Supramolecular protein glue to boost enzyme activity,Yuna Shang.Yue Liao,Zhongju Ye,Zhongyan Wang,Lehui Xiao,Jie Gao,Qigang Wang,Zhimou Yang SCIENCE CHINA Materials,2019,62(9):1341-1349,,Fluorination-modulated end uni...Supramolecular protein glue to boost enzyme activity,Yuna Shang.Yue Liao,Zhongju Ye,Zhongyan Wang,Lehui Xiao,Jie Gao,Qigang Wang,Zhimou Yang SCIENCE CHINA Materials,2019,62(9):1341-1349,,Fluorination-modulated end units for high-performance non fullrene acceptors based organic solar cells,Yanna Sun,Huan-Huan Gao,Yuan-Qiu-Qiang Yi,Xiangjian Wan,Huanran Feng,Xin Ke,Yamin Zhang,Jing Yan,Chenxi Li,Yongsheng Chen,SCIENCE CHINA Materials,2019,62(8):1210-1217 Sulfur/nickel ferrite composite as cathode with high-volumetric-capacity for lithium-sulfur battery Ze Zhang,Di-Hua Wu,Zhen Zhou,Guo-Ran Li,Sheng Liu,Xue Ping Gao,SCIENCE CHINA Materials,2019,62(1):74-86.展开更多
Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LM...Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research pa...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regiona...Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regional hydrological cycle.The deuterium excess(d-excess)indicates deviation in isotope fractionation during evaporation and can trace water vapor sources.This study analyzed 443 precipitation samples collected from the Gannan Plateau,China in 2022 to assess precipitation isotope variations and their driving factors.Water vapor sources were evaluated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT),Concentration Weighted Trajectory(CWT),and Potential Source Contribution Factor(PSCF)models.Results showed that precipitation isotope values showed significant spatial and temporal variations on the Gannan Plateau.Temporally,precipitation isotope values peaked in June(when evaporation dominated)and minimized in March(depletion effect of air masses in the westerly wind belt).Spatially,the isotope values showed a distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",which was mainly regulated by the differences in altitude and local meteorological conditions.Compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL)with equation of δ^(2)H=8.00δ^(18)O+10.00,the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL)for precipitation on the Gannan Plateau were smaller(7.49 and 7.63,respectively),reflecting the existence of a stronger secondary evaporation effect under the clouds in the region.The sources of water vapor on the Gannan Plateau showed significant seasonality and spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,the westerly belt and monsoon were the main water vapor transport paths at each sampling point,with Central Asian continental water vapor dominating in spring(53.49%),Indian Ocean water vapor dominating in summer(52.53%),Atlantic Ocean water vapor dominating in autumn(46.74%),and Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea water vapor dominating in winter(42.30%and 33.68%,respectively).Changes in the intensity of convective activity and Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)affected the enrichment of isotopic values,which exhibited the same change trends as δ^(18)O.During the precipitation process,the δ^(18)O value first decreased and then increased.During the initial and final stages of precipitation process,precipitation was mainly influenced by continental air masses,while during the middle stage,it was controlled by marine air masses.The systematic research on precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources is important for climate change research and extreme precipitation prediction on the Gannan Plateau and other similar areas.展开更多
The poet Ce.Naka written two pieces of poems to describe the Jangar Singer Purevjav Sharkhuu,re⁃spectively Khovor Erdene(1978)and Purevjav Urlagiin taisand garav(1986).These two poems made a vivid descriotions of the ...The poet Ce.Naka written two pieces of poems to describe the Jangar Singer Purevjav Sharkhuu,re⁃spectively Khovor Erdene(1978)and Purevjav Urlagiin taisand garav(1986).These two poems made a vivid descriotions of the Jangar Singer and truly reflected his valuable contributions to the tradion and in⁃heritance of Epic Jangar.展开更多
IN his video speech to the United Nations Climate Summit held in New York on September 24,Chinese President Xi Jinping announced China’s new Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC)—the efforts taken by each country...IN his video speech to the United Nations Climate Summit held in New York on September 24,Chinese President Xi Jinping announced China’s new Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC)—the efforts taken by each country to reduce their emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.展开更多
The arsenic(As)release from sediments in great lakes is affected by various factors.In this study,the characteristics of As release fromsediments was investigated,and the As sources and sinks with the strengths in sed...The arsenic(As)release from sediments in great lakes is affected by various factors.In this study,the characteristics of As release fromsediments was investigated,and the As sources and sinks with the strengths in sediments from different areas(grass-type,algae-type,and grass-algae alternation areas)in great shallow lakes(Taihu Lake,China)were analyzed,and the influence of P competition in the process of As release was also studied.The results showed that changing trend of the values of equilibrium As concentration in sediments were consistent with the regional changes(0 to 28.12μg/L),and the sediments from algaetype areas had the higher values.The sediments from western lake and northwest lake bay were a strong As and a weak P source,and the north lake bay had the opposite trend of these two regions.Intense P source competition with As from the sediments occurred in algae-type areas.The grass-type areas had strong As and P retention capacities,indicating a sink role of sediment with high As and P sorption capacities.The degree of As and P saturation had similar trend in sediments,and the grass-type areas had the higher values,18.3%-21.4%and 15.31%-20.34%,respectively.Contribution analysis results showed that most of As release contribution was from the bottom(30-50 cm)sediments,and the surface(0-10 cm)sediments from algae-type areas contributed more to the overlying water than other region.展开更多
The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. T...The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and environmental heterogeneity of phytoplankton communities in the CRE, as well as to understand the factors driving their assemblage. Utilizing ecological survey data collected from the CRE and adjacent waters during spring and summer from 2018 to 2020, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of phytoplankton β-diversity in the region. We decomposed β-diversity into species contributions to β-diversity(SCBD)and local contributions to β-diversity(LCBD) to examine spatial differences in phytoplankton diversity and the contributions of individual species within the community. Our findings reveal that spatial differences, primarily driven by water salinity and distance from the coastline, are key factors influencing the heterogeneity of phytoplankton community composition. Key species such as Skeletonema costatum, Melosira granulata, and M. granulata var.angustissima significantly affected β-diversity. Further, β-diversity decomposition reveals that community assembly is driven by interactive biogeochemical forces: salinity gradients shape spatial heterogeneity through runoff-seawater mixing, eutrophic conditions promote the dominance of nutrient-dependent taxa, and silica availability regulates diatom-to-flagellate succession. This study provides a methodological paradigm for analyzing phytoplankton community assembly mechanisms in estuaries, thereby offering scientific support for biogeography-based ecosystem management in the CRE.展开更多
During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remain...During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remains unclear.Here,HCHO observations in urban Beijing were conducted,the impact of meteorological differences between warm and cold seasons to HCHO concentrations was investigated.Additionally,the positive matrix factorization model was applied to the source apportionment of HCHO,with a focus on changes during pollution events.The results indicated that,during warm seasons,the secondary production of HCHO was driven by high temperature influenced by the low-pressure front,with the contribution of secondary production+background peaking at 85.9% in the afternoon,exhibiting a unimodal diurnal variation.Conversely,during cold seasons,the influence of a uniform pressure field,coupled with weak winds,low boundary layers and high humidity,led to HCHO accumulation from primary emissions,resulting in multiday highconcentration pollution.During the most severe pollution periods,anthropogenic primary emissions contributed up to 91.7%.Therefore,while the contribution of volatile organic compounds to HCHO levels through secondary production has been recognized,the significant impact of primary emissions during cold seasons cannot be overlooked.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,reviews,perspectives,news and views,case reports,letters.Please ensure that y...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,reviews,perspectives,news and views,case reports,letters.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research pa...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Smart contracts are widely used on the blockchain to implement complex transactions,such as decentralized applications on Ethereum.Effective vulnerability detection of large-scale smart contracts is critical,as attack...Smart contracts are widely used on the blockchain to implement complex transactions,such as decentralized applications on Ethereum.Effective vulnerability detection of large-scale smart contracts is critical,as attacks on smart contracts often cause huge economic losses.Since it is difficult to repair and update smart contracts,it is necessary to find the vulnerabilities before they are deployed.However,code analysis,which requires traversal paths,and learning methods,which require many features to be trained,are too time-consuming to detect large-scale on-chain contracts.Learning-based methods will obtain detection models from a feature space compared to code analysis methods such as symbol execution.But the existing features lack the interpretability of the detection results and training model,even worse,the large-scale feature space also affects the efficiency of detection.This paper focuses on improving the detection efficiency by reducing the dimension of the features,combined with expert knowledge.In this paper,a feature extraction model Block-gram is proposed to form low-dimensional knowledge-based features from bytecode.First,the metadata is separated and the runtime code is converted into a sequence of opcodes,which are divided into segments based on some instructions(jumps,etc.).Then,scalable Block-gram features,including 4-dimensional block features and 8-dimensional attribute features,are mined for the learning-based model training.Finally,feature contributions are calculated from SHAP values to measure the relationship between our features and the results of the detection model.In addition,six types of vulnerability labels are made on a dataset containing 33,885 contracts,and these knowledge-based features are evaluated using seven state-of-the-art learning algorithms,which show that the average detection latency speeds up 25×to 650×,compared with the features extracted by N-gram,and also can enhance the interpretability of the detection model.展开更多
The Editorial Office of Water Science and Engineering would like to express their sincere appreciation to the academic editors including Prof.Carlo Gualtieri from University of Napoli Federico Ⅱ,Italy,Prof.Guo-qing W...The Editorial Office of Water Science and Engineering would like to express their sincere appreciation to the academic editors including Prof.Carlo Gualtieri from University of Napoli Federico Ⅱ,Italy,Prof.Guo-qing Wang and Prof.Zhong-zhi Fu from Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,China,and Prof.Yan-hui Ao,Prof.Ching-sheng Huang,Prof.Guang-qiu Jin,Prof.Bin Xu,Prof.Sai-yu Yuan,Prof.Zeng Zhou,Prof.Bo Chen,and Prof.Da-wei Guan from Hohai Uiversity,China,for their great effort and contribution to WSE in the year 2024.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,reviews and short communications.Please ensure that you select the appropriat...INTRODUCTION Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,reviews and short communications.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Genealogies,alongside local chronicles and official histories,constitute a significant pillar in the development of Chinese historiography.Beyond their historical value,genealogies also serve as a primary means for ov...Genealogies,alongside local chronicles and official histories,constitute a significant pillar in the development of Chinese historiography.Beyond their historical value,genealogies also serve as a primary means for overseas Chinese communities to trace their ancestral roots,rendering them invaluable documentary resources within contemporary global Chinese diasporas.This review aims to discuss the scholarly contribution and systematic advancement provided by Wang Heming’s The General Theory of China’s Genealogy to the field of Chinese genealogy.展开更多
Understanding crash contributing factors is essential in safety management and improvement. These factors drive investment decisions, policies, regulations, and other safety-related initiatives. This paper analyzes fa...Understanding crash contributing factors is essential in safety management and improvement. These factors drive investment decisions, policies, regulations, and other safety-related initiatives. This paper analyzes factors that contribute to crash occurrence based on two national datasets in the United States (CISS and NASS-CDS) for the years 2017-2022 and 2010-2015, respectively. Three taxonomies were applied to enhance understanding of the various crash contributing factors. These taxonomies were developed based on previous research and practice and involved different groupings of human factors, vehicle factors, and roadway and environmental factors. Statistics for grouping the different types of factors and statistics for specific factors are provided. The results indicate that human factors are present in over 95% of crashes, roadway and environmental factors are present in over 45% of crashes, and vehicle factors are present in less than 2% of crashes. Regarding factors related to human error and vehicle maintenance, speeding is involved in over 25% of crashes, distraction is involved in over 20% of crashes, alcohol and drugs are involved in over 9% of crashes, and vehicle maintenance is involved in approximately 0.45% of crashes. Approximately 4.4% of crashes involve a driver who “looked but did not see.” Weather is involved in over 13% of crashes. Conclusions: The findings indicate that, consistent with previous research, human factors or human error are present in around 95% of crashes. Infrastructure and environmental factors contribute to about 45% of crashes. Vehicle factors contribute to only 1.67% - 1.71% of crashes. The results from this study could potentially be used to inform future safety management and improvement activities, including policy-making, regulation development, safe systems and systemic safety approaches to safety management, and other engineering, education, emergency response, enforcement, evaluation, and encouragement activities. The findings could also be used in the development of future Driver Assistance Technologies (DAT) systems and in enhancing existing technologies.展开更多
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1432248)
文摘The effects of carbon-ion irradiation on cancer cell telomere function have not been comprehensively studied[1]. Our previous report showed that cancer cells with telomere dysfunction were more sensitive to carbon-ion irradiation,but the mechanism that link telomere dysfunction and cancer cell inactivation has not been investigated.
文摘4 November 2013,Shenzhen,China-ZTE Corporation,a publicly-listed global provider of telecommunications equip ment,network solutions and mobile devices,and BASE Company,the Belgian subsidiary of Dutch mobile operator KPN,have launched BASE Company＇s 4G services in Belgium.
基金This work was jointly supported by a project supported by the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Meteorological Administration(Grant No.U2242209)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42175106).
文摘Dust storms are one of the most frequent meteorological disasters in China,endangering agricultural production,transportation,air quality,and the safety of people’s lives and property.Against the backdrop of climate change,Mongolia’s contribution to China’s dust cannot be ignored in recent years.In this study,we used the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem),along with dynamic dust sources and the HYSPLIT model,to analyze the contributions of different dust sources to dust concentrations in northern China in March and April 2023.The results show that the frequency of dust storms in 2023 was the highest observed in the past decade.Mongolia and the Taklimakan Desert were identified as two main dust sources contributing to northern China.Specifically,Mongolia contributed more than 42%of dust,while the Taklimakan Desert accounted for 26%.A cold high-pressure center,a cold front,and a Mongolian cyclone resulted in the transport of dust aerosols from Mongolia and the Taklimakan Desert to northern China,where they affected most parts of the region.Moreover,two machine learning methods[the XGBoost algorithm and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)]were used to forecast the dust storms in March 2023,based on ground observations and WRF-Chem simulations over East Asia.XGBoost-SMOTE performed well in predicting hourly PM10 concentrations in China in March 2023,with a mean absolute error of 33.8μg m−3 and RMSE of 54.2μg m−3.
文摘Supramolecular protein glue to boost enzyme activity,Yuna Shang.Yue Liao,Zhongju Ye,Zhongyan Wang,Lehui Xiao,Jie Gao,Qigang Wang,Zhimou Yang SCIENCE CHINA Materials,2019,62(9):1341-1349,,Fluorination-modulated end units for high-performance non fullrene acceptors based organic solar cells,Yanna Sun,Huan-Huan Gao,Yuan-Qiu-Qiang Yi,Xiangjian Wan,Huanran Feng,Xin Ke,Yamin Zhang,Jing Yan,Chenxi Li,Yongsheng Chen,SCIENCE CHINA Materials,2019,62(8):1210-1217 Sulfur/nickel ferrite composite as cathode with high-volumetric-capacity for lithium-sulfur battery Ze Zhang,Di-Hua Wu,Zhen Zhou,Guo-Ran Li,Sheng Liu,Xue Ping Gao,SCIENCE CHINA Materials,2019,62(1):74-86.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42161006Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects No.202201AT070094,No.202301BF070001-004+1 种基金Special Project for High-level Talents of Yunnan Province for Young Top Talents,No.C6213001159European Research Council(ERC)Starting-Grant STORIES,No.101040939。
文摘Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42161007)the Innovation Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Gansu Province(2021B-081)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province(20JR10RA112).
文摘Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regional hydrological cycle.The deuterium excess(d-excess)indicates deviation in isotope fractionation during evaporation and can trace water vapor sources.This study analyzed 443 precipitation samples collected from the Gannan Plateau,China in 2022 to assess precipitation isotope variations and their driving factors.Water vapor sources were evaluated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT),Concentration Weighted Trajectory(CWT),and Potential Source Contribution Factor(PSCF)models.Results showed that precipitation isotope values showed significant spatial and temporal variations on the Gannan Plateau.Temporally,precipitation isotope values peaked in June(when evaporation dominated)and minimized in March(depletion effect of air masses in the westerly wind belt).Spatially,the isotope values showed a distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",which was mainly regulated by the differences in altitude and local meteorological conditions.Compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL)with equation of δ^(2)H=8.00δ^(18)O+10.00,the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL)for precipitation on the Gannan Plateau were smaller(7.49 and 7.63,respectively),reflecting the existence of a stronger secondary evaporation effect under the clouds in the region.The sources of water vapor on the Gannan Plateau showed significant seasonality and spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,the westerly belt and monsoon were the main water vapor transport paths at each sampling point,with Central Asian continental water vapor dominating in spring(53.49%),Indian Ocean water vapor dominating in summer(52.53%),Atlantic Ocean water vapor dominating in autumn(46.74%),and Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea water vapor dominating in winter(42.30%and 33.68%,respectively).Changes in the intensity of convective activity and Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)affected the enrichment of isotopic values,which exhibited the same change trends as δ^(18)O.During the precipitation process,the δ^(18)O value first decreased and then increased.During the initial and final stages of precipitation process,precipitation was mainly influenced by continental air masses,while during the middle stage,it was controlled by marine air masses.The systematic research on precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources is important for climate change research and extreme precipitation prediction on the Gannan Plateau and other similar areas.
文摘The poet Ce.Naka written two pieces of poems to describe the Jangar Singer Purevjav Sharkhuu,re⁃spectively Khovor Erdene(1978)and Purevjav Urlagiin taisand garav(1986).These two poems made a vivid descriotions of the Jangar Singer and truly reflected his valuable contributions to the tradion and in⁃heritance of Epic Jangar.
文摘IN his video speech to the United Nations Climate Summit held in New York on September 24,Chinese President Xi Jinping announced China’s new Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC)—the efforts taken by each country to reduce their emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.52000024 and 41907335)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1400700).
文摘The arsenic(As)release from sediments in great lakes is affected by various factors.In this study,the characteristics of As release fromsediments was investigated,and the As sources and sinks with the strengths in sediments from different areas(grass-type,algae-type,and grass-algae alternation areas)in great shallow lakes(Taihu Lake,China)were analyzed,and the influence of P competition in the process of As release was also studied.The results showed that changing trend of the values of equilibrium As concentration in sediments were consistent with the regional changes(0 to 28.12μg/L),and the sediments from algaetype areas had the higher values.The sediments from western lake and northwest lake bay were a strong As and a weak P source,and the north lake bay had the opposite trend of these two regions.Intense P source competition with As from the sediments occurred in algae-type areas.The grass-type areas had strong As and P retention capacities,indicating a sink role of sediment with high As and P sorption capacities.The degree of As and P saturation had similar trend in sediments,and the grass-type areas had the higher values,18.3%-21.4%and 15.31%-20.34%,respectively.Contribution analysis results showed that most of As release contribution was from the bottom(30-50 cm)sediments,and the surface(0-10 cm)sediments from algae-type areas contributed more to the overlying water than other region.
基金The program of opening ceremony to select the best candidates of the Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies,MNR under contract No. MEMRT2024JBGS01。
文摘The Changjiang River Estuary(CRE) and its offshore plumes host a diverse phytoplankton community;however, the spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms and their environmental drivers remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and environmental heterogeneity of phytoplankton communities in the CRE, as well as to understand the factors driving their assemblage. Utilizing ecological survey data collected from the CRE and adjacent waters during spring and summer from 2018 to 2020, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of phytoplankton β-diversity in the region. We decomposed β-diversity into species contributions to β-diversity(SCBD)and local contributions to β-diversity(LCBD) to examine spatial differences in phytoplankton diversity and the contributions of individual species within the community. Our findings reveal that spatial differences, primarily driven by water salinity and distance from the coastline, are key factors influencing the heterogeneity of phytoplankton community composition. Key species such as Skeletonema costatum, Melosira granulata, and M. granulata var.angustissima significantly affected β-diversity. Further, β-diversity decomposition reveals that community assembly is driven by interactive biogeochemical forces: salinity gradients shape spatial heterogeneity through runoff-seawater mixing, eutrophic conditions promote the dominance of nutrient-dependent taxa, and silica availability regulates diatom-to-flagellate succession. This study provides a methodological paradigm for analyzing phytoplankton community assembly mechanisms in estuaries, thereby offering scientific support for biogeography-based ecosystem management in the CRE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42075097 and 42177081)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3706103)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0760200)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.8222075)the Youth Cross Team Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.JCTD-2021-10)。
文摘During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remains unclear.Here,HCHO observations in urban Beijing were conducted,the impact of meteorological differences between warm and cold seasons to HCHO concentrations was investigated.Additionally,the positive matrix factorization model was applied to the source apportionment of HCHO,with a focus on changes during pollution events.The results indicated that,during warm seasons,the secondary production of HCHO was driven by high temperature influenced by the low-pressure front,with the contribution of secondary production+background peaking at 85.9% in the afternoon,exhibiting a unimodal diurnal variation.Conversely,during cold seasons,the influence of a uniform pressure field,coupled with weak winds,low boundary layers and high humidity,led to HCHO accumulation from primary emissions,resulting in multiday highconcentration pollution.During the most severe pollution periods,anthropogenic primary emissions contributed up to 91.7%.Therefore,while the contribution of volatile organic compounds to HCHO levels through secondary production has been recognized,the significant impact of primary emissions during cold seasons cannot be overlooked.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,reviews,perspectives,news and views,case reports,letters.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (62272248)the Open Project Fund of State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture,Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CARCHA202108,CARCH201905)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (20JCZDJC00610)Sponsored by Zhejiang Lab (2021KF0AB04)。
文摘Smart contracts are widely used on the blockchain to implement complex transactions,such as decentralized applications on Ethereum.Effective vulnerability detection of large-scale smart contracts is critical,as attacks on smart contracts often cause huge economic losses.Since it is difficult to repair and update smart contracts,it is necessary to find the vulnerabilities before they are deployed.However,code analysis,which requires traversal paths,and learning methods,which require many features to be trained,are too time-consuming to detect large-scale on-chain contracts.Learning-based methods will obtain detection models from a feature space compared to code analysis methods such as symbol execution.But the existing features lack the interpretability of the detection results and training model,even worse,the large-scale feature space also affects the efficiency of detection.This paper focuses on improving the detection efficiency by reducing the dimension of the features,combined with expert knowledge.In this paper,a feature extraction model Block-gram is proposed to form low-dimensional knowledge-based features from bytecode.First,the metadata is separated and the runtime code is converted into a sequence of opcodes,which are divided into segments based on some instructions(jumps,etc.).Then,scalable Block-gram features,including 4-dimensional block features and 8-dimensional attribute features,are mined for the learning-based model training.Finally,feature contributions are calculated from SHAP values to measure the relationship between our features and the results of the detection model.In addition,six types of vulnerability labels are made on a dataset containing 33,885 contracts,and these knowledge-based features are evaluated using seven state-of-the-art learning algorithms,which show that the average detection latency speeds up 25×to 650×,compared with the features extracted by N-gram,and also can enhance the interpretability of the detection model.
文摘The Editorial Office of Water Science and Engineering would like to express their sincere appreciation to the academic editors including Prof.Carlo Gualtieri from University of Napoli Federico Ⅱ,Italy,Prof.Guo-qing Wang and Prof.Zhong-zhi Fu from Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,China,and Prof.Yan-hui Ao,Prof.Ching-sheng Huang,Prof.Guang-qiu Jin,Prof.Bin Xu,Prof.Sai-yu Yuan,Prof.Zeng Zhou,Prof.Bo Chen,and Prof.Da-wei Guan from Hohai Uiversity,China,for their great effort and contribution to WSE in the year 2024.
文摘INTRODUCTION Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Original research papers,reviews and short communications.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
基金supported by the Chinese Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences(Grant ID:18WZS022)。
文摘Genealogies,alongside local chronicles and official histories,constitute a significant pillar in the development of Chinese historiography.Beyond their historical value,genealogies also serve as a primary means for overseas Chinese communities to trace their ancestral roots,rendering them invaluable documentary resources within contemporary global Chinese diasporas.This review aims to discuss the scholarly contribution and systematic advancement provided by Wang Heming’s The General Theory of China’s Genealogy to the field of Chinese genealogy.
文摘Understanding crash contributing factors is essential in safety management and improvement. These factors drive investment decisions, policies, regulations, and other safety-related initiatives. This paper analyzes factors that contribute to crash occurrence based on two national datasets in the United States (CISS and NASS-CDS) for the years 2017-2022 and 2010-2015, respectively. Three taxonomies were applied to enhance understanding of the various crash contributing factors. These taxonomies were developed based on previous research and practice and involved different groupings of human factors, vehicle factors, and roadway and environmental factors. Statistics for grouping the different types of factors and statistics for specific factors are provided. The results indicate that human factors are present in over 95% of crashes, roadway and environmental factors are present in over 45% of crashes, and vehicle factors are present in less than 2% of crashes. Regarding factors related to human error and vehicle maintenance, speeding is involved in over 25% of crashes, distraction is involved in over 20% of crashes, alcohol and drugs are involved in over 9% of crashes, and vehicle maintenance is involved in approximately 0.45% of crashes. Approximately 4.4% of crashes involve a driver who “looked but did not see.” Weather is involved in over 13% of crashes. Conclusions: The findings indicate that, consistent with previous research, human factors or human error are present in around 95% of crashes. Infrastructure and environmental factors contribute to about 45% of crashes. Vehicle factors contribute to only 1.67% - 1.71% of crashes. The results from this study could potentially be used to inform future safety management and improvement activities, including policy-making, regulation development, safe systems and systemic safety approaches to safety management, and other engineering, education, emergency response, enforcement, evaluation, and encouragement activities. The findings could also be used in the development of future Driver Assistance Technologies (DAT) systems and in enhancing existing technologies.
