This paper is to make a comparison on Chinese and English sounds under contrastive analysis with the consideration of that Chinese teachers of English would be better able to foresee their students' difficulty and...This paper is to make a comparison on Chinese and English sounds under contrastive analysis with the consideration of that Chinese teachers of English would be better able to foresee their students' difficulty and consequently be better able to do their teaching plan in practice.展开更多
Based on the theory of thematic complexity, a contrastive analysis on 2 sections selected from research articles-method and discussion, was conducted. The differences and similarities between the 2 sections in simple ...Based on the theory of thematic complexity, a contrastive analysis on 2 sections selected from research articles-method and discussion, was conducted. The differences and similarities between the 2 sections in simple theme, multiple theme, textual theme, interpersonal theme, topical theme and thematic progression were analyzed and concluded. The author believes that the causes of the differences and similarities are the different genre features of the 2 sections and the academic features of the materials selected.展开更多
Implicature is a universal feature of human communication.In conversations,it is common to see examples of something unsaid but communicated.After introducing the theory of conversational impilcature and its four maxi...Implicature is a universal feature of human communication.In conversations,it is common to see examples of something unsaid but communicated.After introducing the theory of conversational impilcature and its four maxims,this paper presents English and Chinese examples to compare their conversational implicature,and finds conversational implicature exists in both Chinese and English conversation.展开更多
The essay briefly illustrates E-C and C-E Translation strategies in the light of lexical similarity and differences of Lexical Contrastive Analysis, and explores lexical translation skills under the theory of Cultural...The essay briefly illustrates E-C and C-E Translation strategies in the light of lexical similarity and differences of Lexical Contrastive Analysis, and explores lexical translation skills under the theory of Cultural Differences.展开更多
A learner’s stages of L2 development are connected by his or her L1 and culture.It is,accordingly,of paramount importance to understand the second language learners’culture and learning process and better assist the...A learner’s stages of L2 development are connected by his or her L1 and culture.It is,accordingly,of paramount importance to understand the second language learners’culture and learning process and better assist them through this process in the way of teaching them English.Similarly,inter-language theory(IL)and contrastive rhetoric are affected by factors,such as learner’s L1,learning experiences,and culture.This paper talks about these two theory’s characteristics,constructs,and importance,so language instructors may better understand the L2 learning phenomena and think out better methods to help language learners improve their language skills.展开更多
For the safety protection of passengers when train crashes occur, special structures are crucially needed as a kind of indispensable energy absorbing device. With the help of the structures, crash kinetic-energy can b...For the safety protection of passengers when train crashes occur, special structures are crucially needed as a kind of indispensable energy absorbing device. With the help of the structures, crash kinetic-energy can be completely absorbed or dissipated for the aim of safety. Two composite structures(circumscribed circle structure and inscribed circle structure) were constructed. In addition, comparison and optimization of the crashworthy characteristic of the two structures were carried out based on the method of explicit finite element analysis(FEA) and Kriging surrogate model. According to the result of Kriging surrogate model, conclusions can be safely drawn that the specific energy absorption(SEA) and ratio of specific energy absorption to initial peak force(REAF) of circumscribed circle structure are lager than those of inscribed circle structure under the same design parameters. In other words, circumscribed circle structure has better performances with higher energy-absorbing ability and lower initial peak force. Besides, error analysis was adopted and the result of which indicates that the Kriging surrogate model has high nonlinear fitting precision. What is more, the SEA and REAF optimum values of the two structures have been obtained through analysis, and the crushing results have been illustrated when the two structures reach optimum SEA and REAF.展开更多
Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution....Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution. From the perspective of markedness theory, the study, collecting 86 English passives and 85 Chinese passives(including 35 notional passives and 50 Beisentences), contrastively analyzes the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives from the aspects of patient animacy, emotional color, and tense through example-illustration and description. The analysis shows that the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives has different expressions in the three aspects. Inanimate patient has stronger unmarkedness in both English and Chinese passives, for it is more frequently-used than animate patient. According to people's cognition and language using habits, the emotional color of English passives and Chinese notional passives is neutral in most cases, so the neutral emotional color is unmarked.But in Chinese Bei-sentences, negative emotional color has stronger unmarkedness. As for the tense expression, English passives have wider distributions in time span and simpler structure than Chinese passives. Thus, English passives possess stronger unmarkedness in the light of tense. According to the analysis, the study proposes feasible advice for second language acquisition and translation.展开更多
Learning a language must begin with learning pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar.Among these three factors,vo cabulary is of great importance.By putting the method of the Contrastive Analysis theories into practice,t...Learning a language must begin with learning pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar.Among these three factors,vo cabulary is of great importance.By putting the method of the Contrastive Analysis theories into practice,this thesis presents the necessity and significance of Contrastive Analysis in practical teaching.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to contrast parallel observation data of pressure and temperature in Qingxian station. [Method] By u- sing pressure and temperature observed by automatic station and artificial station i...[Objective] The research aimed to contrast parallel observation data of pressure and temperature in Qingxian station. [Method] By u- sing pressure and temperature observed by automatic station and artificial station in Qingxian from January of 2009 to December of 2010, compara- tive analysis of observation data was conducted, and formation reason of difference value was discussed. E Resultl Monthly average pressure differ- ence between automatic station and artificial observation value was from -0.7 to 0.1 hPa. Difference value of monthly average maximum pressure was from -0.5 to 0.4 hPa, while difference value of monthly average minimum pressure was from -0.7 to 0.2 hPa. Difference value of monthly extremely maximum pressure was from -0.3 to 0.6 hPa, while difference value of monthly extremely minimum pressure was from -1.1 to 0.1 hPa. Monthly average temperature difference value was from -2.0 to 0 ℃. Difference value of monthly average maximum temperature was from -0.4 to 0 ℃, while difference value of monthly average minimum temperature was from -0.1 to 0.2 ℃. Difference value of monthly extremely maximum temperature was from -0.3 to 0.3 ℃, while difference value of monthly extremely minimum temperature was from -0.3 to 0.3 ℃. [ Conclusion] Generation reason of observation difference mainly included differences of observation instrument and principle, differences of data collection time and method, different sensor installation positions and environments, manual intervention and observation error.展开更多
Multimodal sentiment analysis is an essential area of research in artificial intelligence that combines multiple modes,such as text and image,to accurately assess sentiment.However,conventional approaches that rely on...Multimodal sentiment analysis is an essential area of research in artificial intelligence that combines multiple modes,such as text and image,to accurately assess sentiment.However,conventional approaches that rely on unimodal pre-trained models for feature extraction from each modality often overlook the intrinsic connections of semantic information between modalities.This limitation is attributed to their training on unimodal data,and necessitates the use of complex fusion mechanisms for sentiment analysis.In this study,we present a novel approach that combines a vision-language pre-trained model with a proposed multimodal contrastive learning method.Our approach harnesses the power of transfer learning by utilizing a vision-language pre-trained model to extract both visual and textual representations in a unified framework.We employ a Transformer architecture to integrate these representations,thereby enabling the capture of rich semantic infor-mation in image-text pairs.To further enhance the representation learning of these pairs,we introduce our proposed multimodal contrastive learning method,which leads to improved performance in sentiment analysis tasks.Our approach is evaluated through extensive experiments on two publicly accessible datasets,where we demonstrate its effectiveness.We achieve a significant improvement in sentiment analysis accuracy,indicating the supe-riority of our approach over existing techniques.These results highlight the potential of multimodal sentiment analysis and underscore the importance of considering the intrinsic semantic connections between modalities for accurate sentiment assessment.展开更多
This paper is a contrastive study of two translated versions of an essay which are very different in language and register style. It comes to the conclusion that the translator has to follow the fundamental translatio...This paper is a contrastive study of two translated versions of an essay which are very different in language and register style. It comes to the conclusion that the translator has to follow the fundamental translation principle of functional equivalence, that is, to faithfully reproduce the linguistic and stylistic features of the original, while retaining the verbal beauty of the original as much as possible. Through contrastive analysis, this paper also argues that stylistic features should be consistent with the choice of word, syntactic structures, rhetorical devices, and overall textual layout.展开更多
I Introduction The fact that we are human beings who live together in society determines that much that we want to accomplish can be done only through social communication with other people. It is under
There are many idioms related to color words in English and Chinese.The use of color words in idioms adds beauty and vividness to the language.Due to the cultural differences,“color idioms”have gained different cult...There are many idioms related to color words in English and Chinese.The use of color words in idioms adds beauty and vividness to the language.Due to the cultural differences,“color idioms”have gained different cultural connotations with the development of English and Chinese languages.It is of great significance to accurately understand and grasp the meanings and differences of color-related idioms in Chinese and English.This paper intends to analyze and expound the cultural connotations of English and Chinese idioms related to several widely used basic color words with the aim of helping English learners know and use the idioms about color words better.展开更多
Based on ideational,interpersonal,and textual metafunctions in systemic functional linguistics(SFL),a contrastive analysis is carried out on two same-topic news reports of Chinese and American main stream media.Two re...Based on ideational,interpersonal,and textual metafunctions in systemic functional linguistics(SFL),a contrastive analysis is carried out on two same-topic news reports of Chinese and American main stream media.Two reports from the People’s Daily and CNN are analyzed in terms of the lexical-grammatical systems(transitivity,mood and modality,and theme)realizing the three corresponding metafunctions to compare Chinese and American media reports on the same event.Results show that the two reports deploy different transitivity processes,but indicate similarity in the uses of mood and thematic choices.There are also respective preferences for reporting the sametopic news:CNN focuses on the whole process of the incident,the report being relatively objective and fair without obvious emotional bias,while the report of People’s Daily is relatively comprehensive,analyzing the incident from various angles,and playing a positive role in guiding public opinion.展开更多
With the increasing importance of English writing,how to improve students’writing ability is a big challenge.Contrastive analysis and error analysis are two popular approaches to error correction in English writing.T...With the increasing importance of English writing,how to improve students’writing ability is a big challenge.Contrastive analysis and error analysis are two popular approaches to error correction in English writing.This paper is going to compare the differences between contrastive analysis and error analysis,in English writing for Chinese EFL learners,from perspectives,such as,English writing purpose,English writing errors and attitude towards English writing.After that,some better suggestions will be given at the end of the paper.展开更多
Learning to handle hypothetical situations in a new language is always difficult(Catford,et al.,1974).This rule holds true for Moroccan Arabic(henceforth MA)speakers learning English because grammatical devices in the...Learning to handle hypothetical situations in a new language is always difficult(Catford,et al.,1974).This rule holds true for Moroccan Arabic(henceforth MA)speakers learning English because grammatical devices in the two languages differ in almost all equivalent situations.For instance,while English verb forms are used to indicate tense in conditional sentences,MA uses them to indicate aspect.Adopting the typology of conditional constructions suggested by Dancygier(1999)and Dancygier&Sweetser(2005),this study provides a contrastive analysis of conditionals in English and MA to predict the possible errors EFL/ESL learners are likely to make while learning English.The analysis shows that the main discrepancy between English conditionals and MA conditionals lies in the verb form used by the two systems.Accordingly,if EFL/ESL learners are influenced by verb form in their L1,they are likely to face some challenges while learning English conditionals.That is,they are likely to use the past tense in the protases of English predictive conditionals and generic conditionals since the perfective form of the verb is used in the protases of these two types in MA.Concerning the protases of English non-predictive conditionals,Moroccan EFL/ESL learners are likely to use either the past tense or the present tense since both the perfective and the imperfective forms of the verb are possible in the protases of MA non-predictive conditionals.However,due to the fact that the perfective form is the prototypical form in the protases of conditionals in MA,EFL/ESL learners are likely to use the past tense more often than the present tense.The analysis also shows that EFL/ESL learners tend to use the present tense in the apodoses of English conditionals since the prevalent form in the apodoses of MA conditionals is the imperfective.展开更多
文摘This paper is to make a comparison on Chinese and English sounds under contrastive analysis with the consideration of that Chinese teachers of English would be better able to foresee their students' difficulty and consequently be better able to do their teaching plan in practice.
文摘Based on the theory of thematic complexity, a contrastive analysis on 2 sections selected from research articles-method and discussion, was conducted. The differences and similarities between the 2 sections in simple theme, multiple theme, textual theme, interpersonal theme, topical theme and thematic progression were analyzed and concluded. The author believes that the causes of the differences and similarities are the different genre features of the 2 sections and the academic features of the materials selected.
文摘Implicature is a universal feature of human communication.In conversations,it is common to see examples of something unsaid but communicated.After introducing the theory of conversational impilcature and its four maxims,this paper presents English and Chinese examples to compare their conversational implicature,and finds conversational implicature exists in both Chinese and English conversation.
文摘The essay briefly illustrates E-C and C-E Translation strategies in the light of lexical similarity and differences of Lexical Contrastive Analysis, and explores lexical translation skills under the theory of Cultural Differences.
文摘A learner’s stages of L2 development are connected by his or her L1 and culture.It is,accordingly,of paramount importance to understand the second language learners’culture and learning process and better assist them through this process in the way of teaching them English.Similarly,inter-language theory(IL)and contrastive rhetoric are affected by factors,such as learner’s L1,learning experiences,and culture.This paper talks about these two theory’s characteristics,constructs,and importance,so language instructors may better understand the L2 learning phenomena and think out better methods to help language learners improve their language skills.
基金Projects(51405516,U1334208)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013GK2001)supported by the Science and Technology Program for Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department,ChinaProject(2013zzts040)supported by the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University,China
文摘For the safety protection of passengers when train crashes occur, special structures are crucially needed as a kind of indispensable energy absorbing device. With the help of the structures, crash kinetic-energy can be completely absorbed or dissipated for the aim of safety. Two composite structures(circumscribed circle structure and inscribed circle structure) were constructed. In addition, comparison and optimization of the crashworthy characteristic of the two structures were carried out based on the method of explicit finite element analysis(FEA) and Kriging surrogate model. According to the result of Kriging surrogate model, conclusions can be safely drawn that the specific energy absorption(SEA) and ratio of specific energy absorption to initial peak force(REAF) of circumscribed circle structure are lager than those of inscribed circle structure under the same design parameters. In other words, circumscribed circle structure has better performances with higher energy-absorbing ability and lower initial peak force. Besides, error analysis was adopted and the result of which indicates that the Kriging surrogate model has high nonlinear fitting precision. What is more, the SEA and REAF optimum values of the two structures have been obtained through analysis, and the crushing results have been illustrated when the two structures reach optimum SEA and REAF.
文摘Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution. From the perspective of markedness theory, the study, collecting 86 English passives and 85 Chinese passives(including 35 notional passives and 50 Beisentences), contrastively analyzes the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives from the aspects of patient animacy, emotional color, and tense through example-illustration and description. The analysis shows that the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives has different expressions in the three aspects. Inanimate patient has stronger unmarkedness in both English and Chinese passives, for it is more frequently-used than animate patient. According to people's cognition and language using habits, the emotional color of English passives and Chinese notional passives is neutral in most cases, so the neutral emotional color is unmarked.But in Chinese Bei-sentences, negative emotional color has stronger unmarkedness. As for the tense expression, English passives have wider distributions in time span and simpler structure than Chinese passives. Thus, English passives possess stronger unmarkedness in the light of tense. According to the analysis, the study proposes feasible advice for second language acquisition and translation.
文摘Learning a language must begin with learning pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar.Among these three factors,vo cabulary is of great importance.By putting the method of the Contrastive Analysis theories into practice,this thesis presents the necessity and significance of Contrastive Analysis in practical teaching.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to contrast parallel observation data of pressure and temperature in Qingxian station. [Method] By u- sing pressure and temperature observed by automatic station and artificial station in Qingxian from January of 2009 to December of 2010, compara- tive analysis of observation data was conducted, and formation reason of difference value was discussed. E Resultl Monthly average pressure differ- ence between automatic station and artificial observation value was from -0.7 to 0.1 hPa. Difference value of monthly average maximum pressure was from -0.5 to 0.4 hPa, while difference value of monthly average minimum pressure was from -0.7 to 0.2 hPa. Difference value of monthly extremely maximum pressure was from -0.3 to 0.6 hPa, while difference value of monthly extremely minimum pressure was from -1.1 to 0.1 hPa. Monthly average temperature difference value was from -2.0 to 0 ℃. Difference value of monthly average maximum temperature was from -0.4 to 0 ℃, while difference value of monthly average minimum temperature was from -0.1 to 0.2 ℃. Difference value of monthly extremely maximum temperature was from -0.3 to 0.3 ℃, while difference value of monthly extremely minimum temperature was from -0.3 to 0.3 ℃. [ Conclusion] Generation reason of observation difference mainly included differences of observation instrument and principle, differences of data collection time and method, different sensor installation positions and environments, manual intervention and observation error.
基金supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Education Department.Project Grant No.GJJ2203306.
文摘Multimodal sentiment analysis is an essential area of research in artificial intelligence that combines multiple modes,such as text and image,to accurately assess sentiment.However,conventional approaches that rely on unimodal pre-trained models for feature extraction from each modality often overlook the intrinsic connections of semantic information between modalities.This limitation is attributed to their training on unimodal data,and necessitates the use of complex fusion mechanisms for sentiment analysis.In this study,we present a novel approach that combines a vision-language pre-trained model with a proposed multimodal contrastive learning method.Our approach harnesses the power of transfer learning by utilizing a vision-language pre-trained model to extract both visual and textual representations in a unified framework.We employ a Transformer architecture to integrate these representations,thereby enabling the capture of rich semantic infor-mation in image-text pairs.To further enhance the representation learning of these pairs,we introduce our proposed multimodal contrastive learning method,which leads to improved performance in sentiment analysis tasks.Our approach is evaluated through extensive experiments on two publicly accessible datasets,where we demonstrate its effectiveness.We achieve a significant improvement in sentiment analysis accuracy,indicating the supe-riority of our approach over existing techniques.These results highlight the potential of multimodal sentiment analysis and underscore the importance of considering the intrinsic semantic connections between modalities for accurate sentiment assessment.
文摘This paper is a contrastive study of two translated versions of an essay which are very different in language and register style. It comes to the conclusion that the translator has to follow the fundamental translation principle of functional equivalence, that is, to faithfully reproduce the linguistic and stylistic features of the original, while retaining the verbal beauty of the original as much as possible. Through contrastive analysis, this paper also argues that stylistic features should be consistent with the choice of word, syntactic structures, rhetorical devices, and overall textual layout.
文摘I Introduction The fact that we are human beings who live together in society determines that much that we want to accomplish can be done only through social communication with other people. It is under
文摘There are many idioms related to color words in English and Chinese.The use of color words in idioms adds beauty and vividness to the language.Due to the cultural differences,“color idioms”have gained different cultural connotations with the development of English and Chinese languages.It is of great significance to accurately understand and grasp the meanings and differences of color-related idioms in Chinese and English.This paper intends to analyze and expound the cultural connotations of English and Chinese idioms related to several widely used basic color words with the aim of helping English learners know and use the idioms about color words better.
文摘Based on ideational,interpersonal,and textual metafunctions in systemic functional linguistics(SFL),a contrastive analysis is carried out on two same-topic news reports of Chinese and American main stream media.Two reports from the People’s Daily and CNN are analyzed in terms of the lexical-grammatical systems(transitivity,mood and modality,and theme)realizing the three corresponding metafunctions to compare Chinese and American media reports on the same event.Results show that the two reports deploy different transitivity processes,but indicate similarity in the uses of mood and thematic choices.There are also respective preferences for reporting the sametopic news:CNN focuses on the whole process of the incident,the report being relatively objective and fair without obvious emotional bias,while the report of People’s Daily is relatively comprehensive,analyzing the incident from various angles,and playing a positive role in guiding public opinion.
文摘With the increasing importance of English writing,how to improve students’writing ability is a big challenge.Contrastive analysis and error analysis are two popular approaches to error correction in English writing.This paper is going to compare the differences between contrastive analysis and error analysis,in English writing for Chinese EFL learners,from perspectives,such as,English writing purpose,English writing errors and attitude towards English writing.After that,some better suggestions will be given at the end of the paper.
文摘Learning to handle hypothetical situations in a new language is always difficult(Catford,et al.,1974).This rule holds true for Moroccan Arabic(henceforth MA)speakers learning English because grammatical devices in the two languages differ in almost all equivalent situations.For instance,while English verb forms are used to indicate tense in conditional sentences,MA uses them to indicate aspect.Adopting the typology of conditional constructions suggested by Dancygier(1999)and Dancygier&Sweetser(2005),this study provides a contrastive analysis of conditionals in English and MA to predict the possible errors EFL/ESL learners are likely to make while learning English.The analysis shows that the main discrepancy between English conditionals and MA conditionals lies in the verb form used by the two systems.Accordingly,if EFL/ESL learners are influenced by verb form in their L1,they are likely to face some challenges while learning English conditionals.That is,they are likely to use the past tense in the protases of English predictive conditionals and generic conditionals since the perfective form of the verb is used in the protases of these two types in MA.Concerning the protases of English non-predictive conditionals,Moroccan EFL/ESL learners are likely to use either the past tense or the present tense since both the perfective and the imperfective forms of the verb are possible in the protases of MA non-predictive conditionals.However,due to the fact that the perfective form is the prototypical form in the protases of conditionals in MA,EFL/ESL learners are likely to use the past tense more often than the present tense.The analysis also shows that EFL/ESL learners tend to use the present tense in the apodoses of English conditionals since the prevalent form in the apodoses of MA conditionals is the imperfective.
