The Book on Contracts of the Civil Code does not recognize"intellectual property contracts"as nominate contracts.Owing to both substantive and structural shortcomings,the Chapter on Technology Contracts fall...The Book on Contracts of the Civil Code does not recognize"intellectual property contracts"as nominate contracts.Owing to both substantive and structural shortcomings,the Chapter on Technology Contracts falls short of providing comprehensive regulation of transactions involving intellectual property,and its Article 876 linking clause has given rise to legal controversies over application by reference and priority of application.There is therefore an urgent need to recognize intellectual property contracts as a nominate category.The rules on such contracts that are dispersed across standalone intellectual property statutes,specialized regulations,adjudicated cases,and judicial interpretations have already produced decodification and should be integrated in the course of enacting the Intellectual Property Code,so as to achieve the recodification of contracts concerning intellectual property.Specifically,the Chapter on Contracts should consist of two parts,General Provisions and Nominate Contracts,to articulate the common features and specific rules of the various contract types while confirming the applicability of the General Provisions in the Book on Contracts.In this way,systemic disorder from mechanically adding nominate contracts to the Civil Code and unnecessary complexity from creating a separate sectoral contract code can both be avoided,and the status of the Book on Contracts as the basic law in the field of contract can be preserved.展开更多
Flow patterns in upstream and downstream straight tubes of sudden-changed areas in a horizontal straight pipe were experimentally examined. Both sudden-expansion cross-section (SECS) and sudden-contraction cross-secti...Flow patterns in upstream and downstream straight tubes of sudden-changed areas in a horizontal straight pipe were experimentally examined. Both sudden-expansion cross-section (SECS) and sudden-contraction cross-section (SCCS) were investigated. The flow pattern maps upstream and downstream were delineated and compared with those in straight tubes with uniform cross-sections. The effects of the SECS and SCCS on flow patterns were discussed and analyzed. Furthermore, flow pattern transition mechanisms resulting in occurrences of different flow patterns were simply discussed and some transition criteria for the flow pattern transitions were deduced by using the non-dimensionlized analysis method.展开更多
溢流坝下游收缩断面水深 hc 的计算对水工消能设计十分重要． 目前常用的方法有试算法、图解法和迭代法，这些方法计算精度不高，人工计算量大或要求较高的计算数学的理论知识等，不便于在生产实际中推广应用． 为此，把 hc 的计算问题...溢流坝下游收缩断面水深 hc 的计算对水工消能设计十分重要． 目前常用的方法有试算法、图解法和迭代法，这些方法计算精度不高，人工计算量大或要求较高的计算数学的理论知识等，不便于在生产实际中推广应用． 为此，把 hc 的计算问题归结为非线性优化问题，用作者研制的加速遗传算法 （AGA） 来处理． 应用 AGA 方法的实例计算结果说明 AGA 比常用方法简便 计算精度高且具有通用性．展开更多
基金Fund Project:NationalSocial Science Fund of China(NSSFC)Key Project 18AFX021:Research on Intellectual Property Legislation Issues in the Post-Civil Code Era。
文摘The Book on Contracts of the Civil Code does not recognize"intellectual property contracts"as nominate contracts.Owing to both substantive and structural shortcomings,the Chapter on Technology Contracts falls short of providing comprehensive regulation of transactions involving intellectual property,and its Article 876 linking clause has given rise to legal controversies over application by reference and priority of application.There is therefore an urgent need to recognize intellectual property contracts as a nominate category.The rules on such contracts that are dispersed across standalone intellectual property statutes,specialized regulations,adjudicated cases,and judicial interpretations have already produced decodification and should be integrated in the course of enacting the Intellectual Property Code,so as to achieve the recodification of contracts concerning intellectual property.Specifically,the Chapter on Contracts should consist of two parts,General Provisions and Nominate Contracts,to articulate the common features and specific rules of the various contract types while confirming the applicability of the General Provisions in the Book on Contracts.In this way,systemic disorder from mechanically adding nominate contracts to the Civil Code and unnecessary complexity from creating a separate sectoral contract code can both be avoided,and the status of the Book on Contracts as the basic law in the field of contract can be preserved.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation (No.59995460)
文摘Flow patterns in upstream and downstream straight tubes of sudden-changed areas in a horizontal straight pipe were experimentally examined. Both sudden-expansion cross-section (SECS) and sudden-contraction cross-section (SCCS) were investigated. The flow pattern maps upstream and downstream were delineated and compared with those in straight tubes with uniform cross-sections. The effects of the SECS and SCCS on flow patterns were discussed and analyzed. Furthermore, flow pattern transition mechanisms resulting in occurrences of different flow patterns were simply discussed and some transition criteria for the flow pattern transitions were deduced by using the non-dimensionlized analysis method.
文摘溢流坝下游收缩断面水深 hc 的计算对水工消能设计十分重要． 目前常用的方法有试算法、图解法和迭代法，这些方法计算精度不高，人工计算量大或要求较高的计算数学的理论知识等，不便于在生产实际中推广应用． 为此，把 hc 的计算问题归结为非线性优化问题，用作者研制的加速遗传算法 （AGA） 来处理． 应用 AGA 方法的实例计算结果说明 AGA 比常用方法简便 计算精度高且具有通用性．
