The preferential proton reduction over zinc-ion deposition in aqueous batteries arises from dual yet conflicting roles of water as charge carrier and parasitic reactant,posing persistent interfacial challenges.Althoug...The preferential proton reduction over zinc-ion deposition in aqueous batteries arises from dual yet conflicting roles of water as charge carrier and parasitic reactant,posing persistent interfacial challenges.Although cosolvent engineering has shown promise in mitigating water activity through hydrogenbond network modulation,prevailing strategies remain limited by their narrow focus on electronic and functional group properties,neglecting the stereochemical influence on molecular assembly.In this work,we uncover how molecular chirality dictates the hierarchical organization of hydrogen-bonding networks between cosolvents and water,which is a critical but previously unrecognized determinant of interfacial stability.By interrogating enantiomeric pairs(L-/D-carnitine),we demonstrate that chiral constraints steer the spatial arrangement of hydration structures through stereoselective hydrogenbonding geometries.Combined spectroscopic and molecular dynamics analyses reveal that L-carnitine(L-CN)forms a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded matrix with water,exhibiting superior directional connectivity relative to its D-isomer.This stereo-dependent architecture simultaneously reinforces Zn2+solvation shells via bridging H-bond interactions and generates a self-adaptive interfacial structure that kinetically isolates water from the zinc anode surface.This stereochemical optimization enables Zn||Zn symmetric cells with unprecedented cycling stability exceeding 2000 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)/0.5 mAh cm^(-2).Corresponding Zn||Cu asymmetric cells maintain a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 500 cycles at 3.0 mA cm^(-2)/3.0 mAh cm^(-2).This study pioneers a stereochemical design framework for aqueous electrolytes,elucidating chiral recognition mechanisms in solvation structures and establishing molecular topology engineering as a transformative strategy for high-efficiency energy storage systems.展开更多
Polarization singularities beyond the bound states in the continuums(BICs)have garnered significant interest due to their potential for light manipulation.The conservation of topological charge has proven crucial in v...Polarization singularities beyond the bound states in the continuums(BICs)have garnered significant interest due to their potential for light manipulation.The conservation of topological charge has proven crucial in various photonic systems,and it guides the behavior of these singularities,including the generation and annihilation of BICs.This work theoretically reveals the simultaneous generation of two distinct polarization singularity types,which include off-Γaccidental BICs and Dirac-type band degeneracy points.The generation is driven by a quadratic degeneracy of symmetry-protected BICs in a photonic crystal slab.It should be noted that this is achieved through continuously tuning a geometric parameter without breaking symmetry.Importantly,the generation of both singularity types can be explained by the topological charge conservation law.This adherence ensures the stability of these singularities and allows for continuous tuning of their positions in momentum space by continuously tuning a geometric parameter while preserving symmetry.This study presents a novel framework for synthesizing and manipulating complex polarization states by combining polarization singularities from both BICs and band degeneracies and holds promise for application in other wave systems beyond photonics.展开更多
Soil microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining ecological functions and are of great importance for soil health.Some of them could bring benefits to plants for growth promotion.Despite numerous studies have focus...Soil microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining ecological functions and are of great importance for soil health.Some of them could bring benefits to plants for growth promotion.Despite numerous studies have focused on specific beneficial bacteria and their interactions with soils and plants,we still lack a comprehensive understanding of beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums and their responses to agricultural activities.To address this gap,we carried out a microcosm experiment using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore the effects of organic fertilization on beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums and assess their potential multifunctionality.Our findings reveal that organic fertilization had a positive impact on the beneficial functionality of bacterial communities in plant–soil continuums.This improvement was primarily attributed to the optimized soil physicochemical conditions resulting from organic fertilization.Additionally,organic fertilization increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks in both soils and the endosphere.Keystone taxa in the endosphere undergone a shift of functions toward pathogen suppression as the result of organic fertilization.Furthermore,this study revealed that plants exhibited a preference for internalizing beneficial bacteria over other type of bacteria.We also provided new insights for evaluating the multifunctionality of microbiomes,and found that the functionality of beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums is enhanced by organic fertilization.All these findings suggested that organic fertilization can be an effective strategy for maintaining plant and soil health.展开更多
Soft robotic manipulators represent a rapidly evolving field characterized by inherent compliance,adaptability,and safe interactions within unstructured environments.Over the past decade(2015-2025),significant advance...Soft robotic manipulators represent a rapidly evolving field characterized by inherent compliance,adaptability,and safe interactions within unstructured environments.Over the past decade(2015-2025),significant advancements have trans-formed their capabilities through novel designs inspired by biological systems,advanced modeling frameworks,sophisti-cated control strategies,and integration into diverse real-world applications.Recent innovations in multifunctional mate-rials and emerging actuation technologies have markedly expanded manipulator performance,reliability,and dexterity.Concurrently,developments in modeling have progressed from simplified geometric methods toward highly accurate physics-based and hybrid data-driven approaches,substantially improving real-time prediction and controllability.Coupled with these developments,adaptive and robust control strategies-including learning-based techniques-have enabled unprec-edented autonomy and precision in challenging application domains such as Minimally Invasive Surgery(MIS),precision agriculture,deep-sea exploration,disaster recovery,and space missions.Despite these remarkable strides,key challenges remain,notably regarding scalability,long-term material durability,robust integrated sensing,and standardized evaluation procedures.This review comprehensively synthesizes recent advances,critically evaluates state-of-the-art methodologies,and systematically identifies existing gaps to provide a clear roadmap and targeted research directions,guiding future developments toward the broader adoption and optimal utilization of soft robotic manipulators.展开更多
Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is partic...Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is particularly prone to damage under combined stress and seepage interactions,and the mesoscale investigations on the damage-seepage coupling behavior of HAC under complex stress states remain limited.This research develops a numerical three-dimensional mesoscale model composed of asphalt mortar and polyhedral aggregate to investigate the stress-damage-seepage coupling behavior in HAC.In this model,asphalt mortar yields the viscoelastic continuum damage law and aggregate obeys the Mazars’elastic-brittle damage law;simultaneously,the effective permeability coefficient of asphalt mortar is assumed to follow an exponential function of damage.The predicted deviatoric stress-strain and hydraulic gradient-seepage curves both are in good agreement with the reported experimental results,which shows the proposed model is valid and reasonable.The simulated results indicate that the damaged asphalt mortar can induce localized areas of high permeability,which in turn affects the overall impervious performance of HAC.展开更多
Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these defo...Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these deformation patterns.This study utilized geophysical surveys and the continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM)to investigate how fault activity influences rock deformation and failure.The results demonstrate that:1)Acting in mechanically weak zones,faults exerted a pronounced barrier effect on deformation propagation and stress redistribution within the surrounding rock,leading to markedly divergent displacement patterns on either side of the fault plane.Comparative analyses between single-fault and double-fault models revealed an 18%−22%expansion of the damage zone under the latter,together with significantly intensified deformation and failure;2)The double-fault model exhibited a larger maximum cumulative vertical displacement and a spatial shift in the location of peak deformation,thereby posing a heightened threat to mine safety;3)Acting in an orebody substitute,backfill effectively constrained surrounding rock deformation,enhanced its load-bearing capacity,and delayed the overburden subsidence.Nevertheless,backfill only reduced the amplitude of deformation;it could not entirely prevent settlement.These findings provide essential theoretical insights and foundational knowledge for safer submarine mining practices.展开更多
Fluid flow through fractured rock masses is a key process controlling the safety and performance of deep geoengineering systems,shaped by the complex interactions of thermal,hydraulic,mechanical and chemical(THMC)fiel...Fluid flow through fractured rock masses is a key process controlling the safety and performance of deep geoengineering systems,shaped by the complex interactions of thermal,hydraulic,mechanical and chemical(THMC)fields.This paper presents a systematic review of this subject with special emphasis on the multi-physics governing it.First,we elucidate the interdependent mechanisms and governing equations,highlighting the nonlinear,path-dependent,and evolving nature of the relationship between stress and permeability.Next,mainstream modeling approaches,including equivalent continuum,discrete fracture network(DFN),and dual-porosity/dual-permeability methods,are critically evaluated,and a strategy for model selection based on project scale and geological context is proposed accordingly.Moreover,experimental insights from single-fracture and triaxial flow studies are synthesized,revealing how effective stress,shear displacement,and fracture roughness control permeability evolution.In particular,the practical significance of THMC coupling is demonstrated through case studies on nuclear waste disposal,Enhanced Geothermal Systems,and tunneling projects.The reviewfurther explores AI-and machine learning-driven innovations,particularly physics-informed neural networks and hybrid modeling,which address limitations in computational efficiency,data scarcity,and physical consistency.Finally,persistent challenges,including multi-scale coupling,parameter uncertainty,and complex fracture network representation are identified and critically discussed while paying attention to future developments.展开更多
Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At prese...Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At present,the academic advances and scientific achievements in TCM serve as a key driving force for industry growth and advancement of the inheritance and innovation of TCM.To continuously strengthen the leading role of academic research,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)attaches great importance to the latest research directions and academic results in TCM,and spotlights key advances and emerging trends in TCM scholarship.Since 2020,CACM has conducted the selection and release of the“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine”on a yearly basis.The selection of“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine in 2024”prioritized research that addresses clinical needs,answers scientific questions and drives industrial development.Highlighting exploratory,forward-looking,innovative and groundbreaking achievements,the following 10 breakthroughs were selected through a process of collection,systematic review and expert evaluation:New advances in prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases with“brain-gut”cross-organ strategy,high-level evidence support for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)continuum with TCM,important breakthrough in the research on prevention and treatment of acute radiation injury with TCM,elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying“excellent shape and high quality”variation in cultivated American ginseng through domestication,biosynthesis of trace active ingredients such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,pilot application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,research technology for unelucidated constituents of TCM,new drug delivery system in TCM,and establishment and preliminary application of integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCM(iEC-Eff).展开更多
Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enh...Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enhance their advantages and maximize their performance.This study presents a design for a dielectric metasurface that achieves dual-band BICs in the terahertz(THz)range.By adjusting two asym-metry parameters of the structure,independent control of the two symmetry-protected BICs is achieved.Fur-thermore,by varying the shape of the silicon holes,the design's robustness to geometric variations is demon-strated.Finally,the test results show that the figures of merit(FOMs)for both BICs reach 109.This work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-frequency BICs,offering expanded possibilities for applications in multimode lasers,nonlinear optics,multi-channel filtering,and optical sensing.展开更多
Numerous experiments have been designed to investigate the Cosmic Dawn(CD)and Epoch of Reionization(EoR)by examining redshifted 21 cm emissions from neutral hydrogen.Detecting the global spectrum of redshifted 21 cm s...Numerous experiments have been designed to investigate the Cosmic Dawn(CD)and Epoch of Reionization(EoR)by examining redshifted 21 cm emissions from neutral hydrogen.Detecting the global spectrum of redshifted 21 cm signals is typically achieved through single-antenna experiments.However,this global 21 cm signal is deeply embedded in foreground emissions,which are about four orders of magnitude stronger.Extracting this faint signal is a significant challenge,requiring highly precise instrumental calibration.Additionally,accurately modelling receiver noise in single-antenna experiments is inherently complex.An alternative approach using a short-spacing interferometer is expected to alleviate these difficulties because the noise in different receivers is uncorrelated and averages to zero upon cross-correlation.The Short-spacing Interferometer Array for Global 21 cm Signal Detection(SIGMA)is an upcoming experiment aimed at detecting the global CD/EoR signal using this approach.We describe the SIGMA system with a focus on optimal antenna design and layout,and propose a framework to address cross-talk between antennas in future calibrations.The SIGMA system is intended to serve as a prototype to gain a better understanding of the system’s instrumental effects and to optimize its performance further.展开更多
The global discussion surrounding Functionally Graded Materials(FGMs)highlights their unique and diverse micro-material properties that result from varying two or more materials in a strategic combination profile.Thes...The global discussion surrounding Functionally Graded Materials(FGMs)highlights their unique and diverse micro-material properties that result from varying two or more materials in a strategic combination profile.These combinations produce distinct physical and chemical characteristics.Changes in these characteristics may occur continuously,referred to as a gradient function,or discontinuously as a stepwise function.The changes can appear within homogeneous or heterogeneous material geometries.The variation in material properties depends on the volume fraction index function.This variation can occur in 1D,2D,or 3D,either in the thickness or length direction within a material model.The vacuum in the review study on mechanically toughened and thermally resistant Functionally Graded(FG)pipelines prompted the current review study.This study addresses the absence of an appropriate variational function for FG cylindrical pipelines.It proposes a gradation function pattern to improve pipeline structural performance.An appraisal based on relevant FGM literature was conducted to improve the temperature differentials in traditional composite materials and stress-related issues in carbon steel pipelines.The review identifies specific FGM property variations that reduce failures that are possible in conventional materials.Reviewed articles and evaluation procedures followed the 2020 PRISMA guidelines.Literature was obtained from Scopus,Connected Papers,and other reputable sources.The study also discusses potential FG pipelines for gas and green energy transportation.The reviewed literature establishes the context for this research and addresses the gap in 3D FG model variation functions involving multiple materials.展开更多
We investigate phase-controlled bound states in a one-dimensional photonic waveguide coupled to an artificial giant atom at two distant sites. Specifically, we identify the bound state out of the continuum(BOC) and th...We investigate phase-controlled bound states in a one-dimensional photonic waveguide coupled to an artificial giant atom at two distant sites. Specifically, we identify the bound state out of the continuum(BOC) and the bound state in the continuum(BIC) and derive the exact existence condition for the BOC. Furthermore, we analytically determine the BIC's frequency and photonic distribution profile. Remarkably, our analysis reveals quantum beats in both atomic and photonic dynamics, arising from coherent oscillations between the BIC and BOC. These results establish a novel approach for manipulating waveguide quantum electrodynamics via engineered bound states, with potential applications in quantum information processing.展开更多
Deconvolution in radio interferometry faces challenges due to incomplete sampling of the visibilities in the spatial frequency domain caused by a limited number of antenna baselines,resulting in an ill-posed inverse p...Deconvolution in radio interferometry faces challenges due to incomplete sampling of the visibilities in the spatial frequency domain caused by a limited number of antenna baselines,resulting in an ill-posed inverse problem.Reconstructing dirty images into clean ones is crucial for subsequent scientific analysis.To address these challenges,we propose a U-Net based method that extracts high-level information from the dirty image and reconstructs a clean image by effectively reducing artifacts and sidelobes.The U-Net architecture,consisting of an encoder-decoder structure and skip connections,facilitates the flow of information and preserves spatial details.Using simulated data of radio galaxies,we train our model and evaluate its performance on the testing set.Compared with the CLEAN method and the visibility and image conditioned denoising diffusion probabilistic model,our proposed model can effectively reconstruct both extended sources and faint point sources with higher values in the structural similarity index measure and the peak signal-to-noise ratio.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of noise on the model performance,demonstrating its robustness under varying noise levels.展开更多
Local precise drug delivery is conducive to improving therapeutic efficacy and minimizing off-target toxicity.Current local delivery approaches are focused mostly on superficial or postoperative tumor lesions,due to t...Local precise drug delivery is conducive to improving therapeutic efficacy and minimizing off-target toxicity.Current local delivery approaches are focused mostly on superficial or postoperative tumor lesions,due to the challenges posed by the inaccessibility of deep-seated tumors.Herein,we report a magnetic continuum soft robot capable of non-invasive and site-specific delivery of prodrug nanoassemblies-loaded hydrogel.The nanoassemblies are co-assembled from redox-responsive docetaxel prodrug and oxaliplatin prodrug,and subsequently embedded into a hydrogel matrix.The hydrogel precursor and crosslinker are synchronously delivered using the soft robot under magnetic guidance and in situ crosslinked at the gastric cancer lesions,forming a drug depot for sustained release and long-lasting treatment.As the hydrogel gradually degrades,the nanoassemblies are internalized by tumor cells.The redox response ability enables them to be selectively activatedwithin tumor cells to trigger the release of docetaxel and oxaliplatin,exerting a synergistic anti-tumor effect.We find that the combination effectively induces immunogenic cell death of gastric tumor,enhancing antitumor immune responses.This strategy offers an intelligent and controllable integration platform for precise drug delivery and combined chemo-immunotherapy.展开更多
The design and analysis of continuum robots have consistently been a prominent research focus in the field of mechanics.However,portable continuum robots with minimal spatial occupancy,which have great potential for a...The design and analysis of continuum robots have consistently been a prominent research focus in the field of mechanics.However,portable continuum robots with minimal spatial occupancy,which have great potential for applications such as search and rescue,are scarcely available.This paper presents a novel helical-coiled multi-segment flexible continuum robot featuring helical deployment and compact design,with an integrated framework for structural design,kinematic modeling,and experimental validation.The design of the helical-coiled multi-segment flexible continuum robot for unstructured environment detection,including a flexible body,an actuation module,a feed module,and a sensing module,is presented systematically.Kinematic models of both single-and multisegment continuum robots were established based on the constant curvature model to analyze the parameter mapping relationship from the end-effector position and orientation to the driving inputs.Furthermore,the feedforward motion of the robot was examined,and an uncoiling strategy based on S-curve compensation was employed to complete the kinematic analysis.Finally,the accuracy of the kinematic model considering the active uncoiling feed motion was validated through experimental analysis,demonstrating the motion characteristics of the continuum robot.Altogether,this study provides a framework for the design and analysis of helical-coiled continuum robots.展开更多
Introduction: Reducing and maintaining viral load is crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection in children. The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the maintenanc...Introduction: Reducing and maintaining viral load is crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection in children. The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the maintenance of children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in the continuum of care. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from August 1 to August 31, 2023. It included all children living with HIV, under 15 years of age, with at least two viral load results and whose parents consented to participate in the study. Participants were recruited during their child’s treatment renewal consultations. Results: The study included 143 children, mostly boys (55.2%), with a mean age of 11.54 years (±2.8). More than half (55.2) were unaware of their HIV-positive status, and most treatments were administered by parents (60.8%). Of the 99 children with an undetectable viral load at the first test, 23 (23.2%) showed a viral rebound at the last test, mainly due to poor treatment compliance (p Conclusion: Virological rebound after suppression in children is worrying. It is crucial that the national AIDS program improves Therapeutic Education, trains health workers to communicate results and encourages ongoing dialogue with young people to reinforce adherence and maintain viral suppression.展开更多
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron(III)reduction(Feammox)process has recently been recognized as an important pathway for removing ammonium in various natural habitats.However,our understanding for Feammox i...Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron(III)reduction(Feammox)process has recently been recognized as an important pathway for removing ammonium in various natural habitats.However,our understanding for Feammox in river–estuary continuum is limited.In this study,stable isotope tracers and high-throughput amplicon sequencing were employed to determine Feammox rates and identify associated microbial communities in sediments along the Yangtze river–estuary continuum.Feammox rates averaged 0.0058±0.0069 mg N/(kg·d)and accounted for approximately 22.3%of the ammonium removed from the sediments.Sediment Fe(III),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),total organic carbon(TOC),and pH were identified as important factors influencing Feammox rates.Additionally,Spirochaeta,Caldilineaceae_uncultured,and Ignavibacterium were found potentially associated with Feammox,which had not been documented as Feammox-associated microbial taxa previously.This study demonstrates that Feammox plays a vital role in ammonium removal within the Yangtze river–estuary continuum,providing greater insight into nitrogen removal and cycling in aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
The resonance generated by different mechanisms naturally has different characteristics in sensing,and these differences increase the potential for specific detection.We designed a metasurface with both a quasi-bound ...The resonance generated by different mechanisms naturally has different characteristics in sensing,and these differences increase the potential for specific detection.We designed a metasurface with both a quasi-bound state in continuum(QBIC)resonance and dipole resonance by conducting physical analyses such as electric field,current distribution,and multiple expansions on a dual-split-ring resonance with dipole resonance and a variant structure with symmetry breaking.On the other hand,the edge length of the slit was extended through a tilted split design,which further enhanced the QBIC resonance signal of the metasurface.In the sensing experiment of hyaluronic acid(HA),the limit of detection(LOD)obtained through frequency shift was 0.958 pmol∕μL,whereas the LOD obtained through the change in transmittance was 0.02 pmol∕μL.Our research findings contribute to the design of multiple resonant metasurfaces with different resonance modes,promoting further development in metasurface research and biosensing.展开更多
This paper presents a continuum manipulator inspired by the anatomical characteristics of the elephant trunk.Specifically,the manipulator mimics the conoid profile of the elephant trunk,which helps to enhance its stre...This paper presents a continuum manipulator inspired by the anatomical characteristics of the elephant trunk.Specifically,the manipulator mimics the conoid profile of the elephant trunk,which helps to enhance its strength.The design features two concentric parts:inner pneumatically actuated bellows and an outer tendon-driven helical spring.The tendons control the omnidirectional bending of the manipulator,while the fusion of the pneumatic bellows with the tendon-driven spring results in an antagonistic actuation mechanism that provides the manipulator with variable stiffness and extensibility.This paper presents a new design for extensible manipulator and analyzes its stiffness and motion characteristics.Experimental results are consistent with theoretical analysis,thereby demonstrating the validity of the theoretical approach and the versatile practical mechanical properties of the continuum manipulator.The impressive extensibility and variable stiffness of the manipulator were further demonstrated by performing a pin-hole assembly task.展开更多
Megahertz-peaked spectra(MPS)pulsars are referred as cases whose radio spectra turn over around 100 MHz.We identified 53 MPS pulsars based on the spectral data from the literature,and statistically analyzed the spatia...Megahertz-peaked spectra(MPS)pulsars are referred as cases whose radio spectra turn over around 100 MHz.We identified 53 MPS pulsars based on the spectral data from the literature,and statistically analyzed the spatial location distribution,the magnetic field-period distribution,peak frequencies,spectral indices,and dispersion measures of these MPS pulsars.We found that there is a strong positive correlation between the dispersion measures and the peak frequencies of MPS pulsars,and negative correlations of the dispersion measures with spectral indices and the ages are also found.Such correlations suggest that the interstellar medium is an important factor that affects observational properties of MPS pulsars.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402316)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ23B030002)the Start-up Foundation of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology(ZUST)。
文摘The preferential proton reduction over zinc-ion deposition in aqueous batteries arises from dual yet conflicting roles of water as charge carrier and parasitic reactant,posing persistent interfacial challenges.Although cosolvent engineering has shown promise in mitigating water activity through hydrogenbond network modulation,prevailing strategies remain limited by their narrow focus on electronic and functional group properties,neglecting the stereochemical influence on molecular assembly.In this work,we uncover how molecular chirality dictates the hierarchical organization of hydrogen-bonding networks between cosolvents and water,which is a critical but previously unrecognized determinant of interfacial stability.By interrogating enantiomeric pairs(L-/D-carnitine),we demonstrate that chiral constraints steer the spatial arrangement of hydration structures through stereoselective hydrogenbonding geometries.Combined spectroscopic and molecular dynamics analyses reveal that L-carnitine(L-CN)forms a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded matrix with water,exhibiting superior directional connectivity relative to its D-isomer.This stereo-dependent architecture simultaneously reinforces Zn2+solvation shells via bridging H-bond interactions and generates a self-adaptive interfacial structure that kinetically isolates water from the zinc anode surface.This stereochemical optimization enables Zn||Zn symmetric cells with unprecedented cycling stability exceeding 2000 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)/0.5 mAh cm^(-2).Corresponding Zn||Cu asymmetric cells maintain a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 500 cycles at 3.0 mA cm^(-2)/3.0 mAh cm^(-2).This study pioneers a stereochemical design framework for aqueous electrolytes,elucidating chiral recognition mechanisms in solvation structures and establishing molecular topology engineering as a transformative strategy for high-efficiency energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11974259 and 12274241)。
文摘Polarization singularities beyond the bound states in the continuums(BICs)have garnered significant interest due to their potential for light manipulation.The conservation of topological charge has proven crucial in various photonic systems,and it guides the behavior of these singularities,including the generation and annihilation of BICs.This work theoretically reveals the simultaneous generation of two distinct polarization singularity types,which include off-Γaccidental BICs and Dirac-type band degeneracy points.The generation is driven by a quadratic degeneracy of symmetry-protected BICs in a photonic crystal slab.It should be noted that this is achieved through continuously tuning a geometric parameter without breaking symmetry.Importantly,the generation of both singularity types can be explained by the topological charge conservation law.This adherence ensures the stability of these singularities and allows for continuous tuning of their positions in momentum space by continuously tuning a geometric parameter while preserving symmetry.This study presents a novel framework for synthesizing and manipulating complex polarization states by combining polarization singularities from both BICs and band degeneracies and holds promise for application in other wave systems beyond photonics.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products(No.2021DG700024-KF202307).
文摘Soil microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining ecological functions and are of great importance for soil health.Some of them could bring benefits to plants for growth promotion.Despite numerous studies have focused on specific beneficial bacteria and their interactions with soils and plants,we still lack a comprehensive understanding of beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums and their responses to agricultural activities.To address this gap,we carried out a microcosm experiment using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore the effects of organic fertilization on beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums and assess their potential multifunctionality.Our findings reveal that organic fertilization had a positive impact on the beneficial functionality of bacterial communities in plant–soil continuums.This improvement was primarily attributed to the optimized soil physicochemical conditions resulting from organic fertilization.Additionally,organic fertilization increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks in both soils and the endosphere.Keystone taxa in the endosphere undergone a shift of functions toward pathogen suppression as the result of organic fertilization.Furthermore,this study revealed that plants exhibited a preference for internalizing beneficial bacteria over other type of bacteria.We also provided new insights for evaluating the multifunctionality of microbiomes,and found that the functionality of beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums is enhanced by organic fertilization.All these findings suggested that organic fertilization can be an effective strategy for maintaining plant and soil health.
基金Open access funding provided by The Science,Technology&Innovation Funding Authority(STDF)in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank(EKB).
文摘Soft robotic manipulators represent a rapidly evolving field characterized by inherent compliance,adaptability,and safe interactions within unstructured environments.Over the past decade(2015-2025),significant advancements have trans-formed their capabilities through novel designs inspired by biological systems,advanced modeling frameworks,sophisti-cated control strategies,and integration into diverse real-world applications.Recent innovations in multifunctional mate-rials and emerging actuation technologies have markedly expanded manipulator performance,reliability,and dexterity.Concurrently,developments in modeling have progressed from simplified geometric methods toward highly accurate physics-based and hybrid data-driven approaches,substantially improving real-time prediction and controllability.Coupled with these developments,adaptive and robust control strategies-including learning-based techniques-have enabled unprec-edented autonomy and precision in challenging application domains such as Minimally Invasive Surgery(MIS),precision agriculture,deep-sea exploration,disaster recovery,and space missions.Despite these remarkable strides,key challenges remain,notably regarding scalability,long-term material durability,robust integrated sensing,and standardized evaluation procedures.This review comprehensively synthesizes recent advances,critically evaluates state-of-the-art methodologies,and systematically identifies existing gaps to provide a clear roadmap and targeted research directions,guiding future developments toward the broader adoption and optimal utilization of soft robotic manipulators.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3005603-01)the Natural Science Foundation Science of Anhui Province(Grant No.2308085US02).
文摘Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is particularly prone to damage under combined stress and seepage interactions,and the mesoscale investigations on the damage-seepage coupling behavior of HAC under complex stress states remain limited.This research develops a numerical three-dimensional mesoscale model composed of asphalt mortar and polyhedral aggregate to investigate the stress-damage-seepage coupling behavior in HAC.In this model,asphalt mortar yields the viscoelastic continuum damage law and aggregate obeys the Mazars’elastic-brittle damage law;simultaneously,the effective permeability coefficient of asphalt mortar is assumed to follow an exponential function of damage.The predicted deviatoric stress-strain and hydraulic gradient-seepage curves both are in good agreement with the reported experimental results,which shows the proposed model is valid and reasonable.The simulated results indicate that the damaged asphalt mortar can induce localized areas of high permeability,which in turn affects the overall impervious performance of HAC.
基金Project(42072305)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these deformation patterns.This study utilized geophysical surveys and the continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM)to investigate how fault activity influences rock deformation and failure.The results demonstrate that:1)Acting in mechanically weak zones,faults exerted a pronounced barrier effect on deformation propagation and stress redistribution within the surrounding rock,leading to markedly divergent displacement patterns on either side of the fault plane.Comparative analyses between single-fault and double-fault models revealed an 18%−22%expansion of the damage zone under the latter,together with significantly intensified deformation and failure;2)The double-fault model exhibited a larger maximum cumulative vertical displacement and a spatial shift in the location of peak deformation,thereby posing a heightened threat to mine safety;3)Acting in an orebody substitute,backfill effectively constrained surrounding rock deformation,enhanced its load-bearing capacity,and delayed the overburden subsidence.Nevertheless,backfill only reduced the amplitude of deformation;it could not entirely prevent settlement.These findings provide essential theoretical insights and foundational knowledge for safer submarine mining practices.
文摘Fluid flow through fractured rock masses is a key process controlling the safety and performance of deep geoengineering systems,shaped by the complex interactions of thermal,hydraulic,mechanical and chemical(THMC)fields.This paper presents a systematic review of this subject with special emphasis on the multi-physics governing it.First,we elucidate the interdependent mechanisms and governing equations,highlighting the nonlinear,path-dependent,and evolving nature of the relationship between stress and permeability.Next,mainstream modeling approaches,including equivalent continuum,discrete fracture network(DFN),and dual-porosity/dual-permeability methods,are critically evaluated,and a strategy for model selection based on project scale and geological context is proposed accordingly.Moreover,experimental insights from single-fracture and triaxial flow studies are synthesized,revealing how effective stress,shear displacement,and fracture roughness control permeability evolution.In particular,the practical significance of THMC coupling is demonstrated through case studies on nuclear waste disposal,Enhanced Geothermal Systems,and tunneling projects.The reviewfurther explores AI-and machine learning-driven innovations,particularly physics-informed neural networks and hybrid modeling,which address limitations in computational efficiency,data scarcity,and physical consistency.Finally,persistent challenges,including multi-scale coupling,parameter uncertainty,and complex fracture network representation are identified and critically discussed while paying attention to future developments.
基金supported by the Project of Map of Scientific and Technological Talents in the Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XMSB20240923106).
文摘Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At present,the academic advances and scientific achievements in TCM serve as a key driving force for industry growth and advancement of the inheritance and innovation of TCM.To continuously strengthen the leading role of academic research,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)attaches great importance to the latest research directions and academic results in TCM,and spotlights key advances and emerging trends in TCM scholarship.Since 2020,CACM has conducted the selection and release of the“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine”on a yearly basis.The selection of“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine in 2024”prioritized research that addresses clinical needs,answers scientific questions and drives industrial development.Highlighting exploratory,forward-looking,innovative and groundbreaking achievements,the following 10 breakthroughs were selected through a process of collection,systematic review and expert evaluation:New advances in prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases with“brain-gut”cross-organ strategy,high-level evidence support for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)continuum with TCM,important breakthrough in the research on prevention and treatment of acute radiation injury with TCM,elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying“excellent shape and high quality”variation in cultivated American ginseng through domestication,biosynthesis of trace active ingredients such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,pilot application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,research technology for unelucidated constituents of TCM,new drug delivery system in TCM,and establishment and preliminary application of integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCM(iEC-Eff).
文摘Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enhance their advantages and maximize their performance.This study presents a design for a dielectric metasurface that achieves dual-band BICs in the terahertz(THz)range.By adjusting two asym-metry parameters of the structure,independent control of the two symmetry-protected BICs is achieved.Fur-thermore,by varying the shape of the silicon holes,the design's robustness to geometric variations is demon-strated.Finally,the test results show that the figures of merit(FOMs)for both BICs reach 109.This work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-frequency BICs,offering expanded possibilities for applications in multimode lasers,nonlinear optics,multi-channel filtering,and optical sensing.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China(No.2020SKA0110200 and No.2020SKA0110100)Y.Y.acknowledges the support of the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(12433012)。
文摘Numerous experiments have been designed to investigate the Cosmic Dawn(CD)and Epoch of Reionization(EoR)by examining redshifted 21 cm emissions from neutral hydrogen.Detecting the global spectrum of redshifted 21 cm signals is typically achieved through single-antenna experiments.However,this global 21 cm signal is deeply embedded in foreground emissions,which are about four orders of magnitude stronger.Extracting this faint signal is a significant challenge,requiring highly precise instrumental calibration.Additionally,accurately modelling receiver noise in single-antenna experiments is inherently complex.An alternative approach using a short-spacing interferometer is expected to alleviate these difficulties because the noise in different receivers is uncorrelated and averages to zero upon cross-correlation.The Short-spacing Interferometer Array for Global 21 cm Signal Detection(SIGMA)is an upcoming experiment aimed at detecting the global CD/EoR signal using this approach.We describe the SIGMA system with a focus on optimal antenna design and layout,and propose a framework to address cross-talk between antennas in future calibrations.The SIGMA system is intended to serve as a prototype to gain a better understanding of the system’s instrumental effects and to optimize its performance further.
基金The Petroleum Training Development Fund(PTDF)is highly acknowledged for sponsorship.
文摘The global discussion surrounding Functionally Graded Materials(FGMs)highlights their unique and diverse micro-material properties that result from varying two or more materials in a strategic combination profile.These combinations produce distinct physical and chemical characteristics.Changes in these characteristics may occur continuously,referred to as a gradient function,or discontinuously as a stepwise function.The changes can appear within homogeneous or heterogeneous material geometries.The variation in material properties depends on the volume fraction index function.This variation can occur in 1D,2D,or 3D,either in the thickness or length direction within a material model.The vacuum in the review study on mechanically toughened and thermally resistant Functionally Graded(FG)pipelines prompted the current review study.This study addresses the absence of an appropriate variational function for FG cylindrical pipelines.It proposes a gradation function pattern to improve pipeline structural performance.An appraisal based on relevant FGM literature was conducted to improve the temperature differentials in traditional composite materials and stress-related issues in carbon steel pipelines.The review identifies specific FGM property variations that reduce failures that are possible in conventional materials.Reviewed articles and evaluation procedures followed the 2020 PRISMA guidelines.Literature was obtained from Scopus,Connected Papers,and other reputable sources.The study also discusses potential FG pipelines for gas and green energy transportation.The reviewed literature establishes the context for this research and addresses the gap in 3D FG model variation functions involving multiple materials.
基金supported by funding provided by Jilin Province(Grant No. 20230101357JC)the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12375010)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2023ZD0300700)。
文摘We investigate phase-controlled bound states in a one-dimensional photonic waveguide coupled to an artificial giant atom at two distant sites. Specifically, we identify the bound state out of the continuum(BOC) and the bound state in the continuum(BIC) and derive the exact existence condition for the BOC. Furthermore, we analytically determine the BIC's frequency and photonic distribution profile. Remarkably, our analysis reveals quantum beats in both atomic and photonic dynamics, arising from coherent oscillations between the BIC and BOC. These results establish a novel approach for manipulating waveguide quantum electrodynamics via engineered bound states, with potential applications in quantum information processing.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China(2020SKA0110300,2020SKA0110201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.12433012 and 12373097)+1 种基金the Guangdong Province Project of the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011503)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Funds(2023A03J0016).
文摘Deconvolution in radio interferometry faces challenges due to incomplete sampling of the visibilities in the spatial frequency domain caused by a limited number of antenna baselines,resulting in an ill-posed inverse problem.Reconstructing dirty images into clean ones is crucial for subsequent scientific analysis.To address these challenges,we propose a U-Net based method that extracts high-level information from the dirty image and reconstructs a clean image by effectively reducing artifacts and sidelobes.The U-Net architecture,consisting of an encoder-decoder structure and skip connections,facilitates the flow of information and preserves spatial details.Using simulated data of radio galaxies,we train our model and evaluate its performance on the testing set.Compared with the CLEAN method and the visibility and image conditioned denoising diffusion probabilistic model,our proposed model can effectively reconstruct both extended sources and faint point sources with higher values in the structural similarity index measure and the peak signal-to-noise ratio.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of noise on the model performance,demonstrating its robustness under varying noise levels.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82161138029)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2402040)the Project of China-Japan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System Research and Translation of Liaoning Province(No.2024JH2/102100007).
文摘Local precise drug delivery is conducive to improving therapeutic efficacy and minimizing off-target toxicity.Current local delivery approaches are focused mostly on superficial or postoperative tumor lesions,due to the challenges posed by the inaccessibility of deep-seated tumors.Herein,we report a magnetic continuum soft robot capable of non-invasive and site-specific delivery of prodrug nanoassemblies-loaded hydrogel.The nanoassemblies are co-assembled from redox-responsive docetaxel prodrug and oxaliplatin prodrug,and subsequently embedded into a hydrogel matrix.The hydrogel precursor and crosslinker are synchronously delivered using the soft robot under magnetic guidance and in situ crosslinked at the gastric cancer lesions,forming a drug depot for sustained release and long-lasting treatment.As the hydrogel gradually degrades,the nanoassemblies are internalized by tumor cells.The redox response ability enables them to be selectively activatedwithin tumor cells to trigger the release of docetaxel and oxaliplatin,exerting a synergistic anti-tumor effect.We find that the combination effectively induces immunogenic cell death of gastric tumor,enhancing antitumor immune responses.This strategy offers an intelligent and controllable integration platform for precise drug delivery and combined chemo-immunotherapy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52305003,52175019)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2001100)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.L222038)Beijing Nova Programme Interdisciplinary Cooperation Project(Grant No.20240484699)Project“Vice President of Science and Technology”of Changping District of Beijing.
文摘The design and analysis of continuum robots have consistently been a prominent research focus in the field of mechanics.However,portable continuum robots with minimal spatial occupancy,which have great potential for applications such as search and rescue,are scarcely available.This paper presents a novel helical-coiled multi-segment flexible continuum robot featuring helical deployment and compact design,with an integrated framework for structural design,kinematic modeling,and experimental validation.The design of the helical-coiled multi-segment flexible continuum robot for unstructured environment detection,including a flexible body,an actuation module,a feed module,and a sensing module,is presented systematically.Kinematic models of both single-and multisegment continuum robots were established based on the constant curvature model to analyze the parameter mapping relationship from the end-effector position and orientation to the driving inputs.Furthermore,the feedforward motion of the robot was examined,and an uncoiling strategy based on S-curve compensation was employed to complete the kinematic analysis.Finally,the accuracy of the kinematic model considering the active uncoiling feed motion was validated through experimental analysis,demonstrating the motion characteristics of the continuum robot.Altogether,this study provides a framework for the design and analysis of helical-coiled continuum robots.
文摘Introduction: Reducing and maintaining viral load is crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection in children. The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the maintenance of children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in the continuum of care. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from August 1 to August 31, 2023. It included all children living with HIV, under 15 years of age, with at least two viral load results and whose parents consented to participate in the study. Participants were recruited during their child’s treatment renewal consultations. Results: The study included 143 children, mostly boys (55.2%), with a mean age of 11.54 years (±2.8). More than half (55.2) were unaware of their HIV-positive status, and most treatments were administered by parents (60.8%). Of the 99 children with an undetectable viral load at the first test, 23 (23.2%) showed a viral rebound at the last test, mainly due to poor treatment compliance (p Conclusion: Virological rebound after suppression in children is worrying. It is crucial that the national AIDS program improves Therapeutic Education, trains health workers to communicate results and encourages ongoing dialogue with young people to reinforce adherence and maintain viral suppression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2040201,32201334,92251304,and 42271126),the Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou,No.GML20220017),the Outstanding Postdoctoral Project in Jiangsu Province(No.2022ZB455),the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721661)and the Project of State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment(No.2022SKL019).
文摘Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron(III)reduction(Feammox)process has recently been recognized as an important pathway for removing ammonium in various natural habitats.However,our understanding for Feammox in river–estuary continuum is limited.In this study,stable isotope tracers and high-throughput amplicon sequencing were employed to determine Feammox rates and identify associated microbial communities in sediments along the Yangtze river–estuary continuum.Feammox rates averaged 0.0058±0.0069 mg N/(kg·d)and accounted for approximately 22.3%of the ammonium removed from the sediments.Sediment Fe(III),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),total organic carbon(TOC),and pH were identified as important factors influencing Feammox rates.Additionally,Spirochaeta,Caldilineaceae_uncultured,and Ignavibacterium were found potentially associated with Feammox,which had not been documented as Feammox-associated microbial taxa previously.This study demonstrates that Feammox plays a vital role in ammonium removal within the Yangtze river–estuary continuum,providing greater insight into nitrogen removal and cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
文摘The resonance generated by different mechanisms naturally has different characteristics in sensing,and these differences increase the potential for specific detection.We designed a metasurface with both a quasi-bound state in continuum(QBIC)resonance and dipole resonance by conducting physical analyses such as electric field,current distribution,and multiple expansions on a dual-split-ring resonance with dipole resonance and a variant structure with symmetry breaking.On the other hand,the edge length of the slit was extended through a tilted split design,which further enhanced the QBIC resonance signal of the metasurface.In the sensing experiment of hyaluronic acid(HA),the limit of detection(LOD)obtained through frequency shift was 0.958 pmol∕μL,whereas the LOD obtained through the change in transmittance was 0.02 pmol∕μL.Our research findings contribute to the design of multiple resonant metasurfaces with different resonance modes,promoting further development in metasurface research and biosensing.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1305400)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92048301)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52025054)the Joint Research Fund between the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and Shen Zhen(No.U1713201).
文摘This paper presents a continuum manipulator inspired by the anatomical characteristics of the elephant trunk.Specifically,the manipulator mimics the conoid profile of the elephant trunk,which helps to enhance its strength.The design features two concentric parts:inner pneumatically actuated bellows and an outer tendon-driven helical spring.The tendons control the omnidirectional bending of the manipulator,while the fusion of the pneumatic bellows with the tendon-driven spring results in an antagonistic actuation mechanism that provides the manipulator with variable stiffness and extensibility.This paper presents a new design for extensible manipulator and analyzes its stiffness and motion characteristics.Experimental results are consistent with theoretical analysis,thereby demonstrating the validity of the theoretical approach and the versatile practical mechanical properties of the continuum manipulator.The impressive extensibility and variable stiffness of the manipulator were further demonstrated by performing a pin-hole assembly task.
基金supported in part by Chunhui plan international cooperation project of China Education Ministry under grants 202201406 and HZKY20220171.
文摘Megahertz-peaked spectra(MPS)pulsars are referred as cases whose radio spectra turn over around 100 MHz.We identified 53 MPS pulsars based on the spectral data from the literature,and statistically analyzed the spatial location distribution,the magnetic field-period distribution,peak frequencies,spectral indices,and dispersion measures of these MPS pulsars.We found that there is a strong positive correlation between the dispersion measures and the peak frequencies of MPS pulsars,and negative correlations of the dispersion measures with spectral indices and the ages are also found.Such correlations suggest that the interstellar medium is an important factor that affects observational properties of MPS pulsars.
