In this paper,a new parallel controller is developed for continuous-time linear systems.The main contribution of the method is to establish a new parallel control law,where both state and control are considered as the...In this paper,a new parallel controller is developed for continuous-time linear systems.The main contribution of the method is to establish a new parallel control law,where both state and control are considered as the input.The structure of the parallel control is provided,and the relationship between the parallel control and traditional feedback controls is presented.Considering the situations that the systems are controllable and incompletely controllable,the properties of the parallel control law are analyzed.The parallel controller design algorithms are given under the conditions that the systems are controllable and incompletely controllable.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the present method.Index Terms-Continuous-time linear systems,digital twin,parallel controller,parallel intelligence,parallel systems.展开更多
A Simple and useful decision feedback equalizer used for non-linear channels with severe linear distortion and mild non-linear distortion is proposed. It is a combination of a nonlinear channel equalizer based on conn...A Simple and useful decision feedback equalizer used for non-linear channels with severe linear distortion and mild non-linear distortion is proposed. It is a combination of a nonlinear channel equalizer based on connectionist model and a common decision feedback equalizer for linear channels. For a typical non-linear channel model it is shown that the equalization performances of the proposed equalizer are improved significantly.展开更多
The achievable bit error rate of a linear equalizer is crucially determined by the choice of a decision delay parameter. This brief paper presents a simple method for the efficient determination of the optimal decisio...The achievable bit error rate of a linear equalizer is crucially determined by the choice of a decision delay parameter. This brief paper presents a simple method for the efficient determination of the optimal decision delay parameter that results in the best bit error rate performance for a linear equalizer. Keywords Linear equalizer - decision delay - bit error rate Eng Siong Chng received his university education at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland (BEng 1991, PhD 1995). After his PhD, he spent 6 months in Japan, working as a researcher for Riken. After working in industry in Singapore for 7 years, he joined the School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University in 2003. His research interests are in digital signal processing for communication applications, speech and handwriting recognition and noise reduction.Sheng Chen obtained a BEng degree in control engineering from the East China Petroleum Institute, Dongying, China, in 1982, and a PhD degree in control engineering from the City University at London in 1986. He joined the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton in September 1999. He previously held research and academic appointments at the Universities of Sheffield, Edinburgh and Portsmouth. Dr Chen is a Senior Member of the IEEE in the USA. His recent research works include adaptive nonlinear signal processing, modeling and identification of nonlinear systems, neural networks and machine learning, finite-precision digital controller design, evolutionary computation methods and optimization. He has published over 200 research papers. In the database of the world’s most highly cited researchers in various disciplines, compiled by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) of the USA, Dr Chen is on the list of highly cited researchers in the category that covers all branches of engineering subject, see www.ISIHighlyCited.com.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the perturbation analysis of linear time-invariant systems, which arise from the linear optimal control in continuous-time. We provide a method to compute condition numbers of continuous-tim...In this paper, we consider the perturbation analysis of linear time-invariant systems, which arise from the linear optimal control in continuous-time. We provide a method to compute condition numbers of continuous-time linear time-invariant systems. It solves the perturbed linear time-invariant systems via Riccati differential equations and continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations in finite and infinite time horizons. We derive the explicit expressions of measuring the perturbation bounds of condition numbers with respect to the solution of the linear time-invariant systems. Furthermore, condition numbers and their upper bounds of Riccati differential equations and continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations are also discussed. Numerical simulations show the sharpness of the perturbation bounds computed via the proposed methods.展开更多
The problem of blind adaptive equalization of underwater single-input multiple-output (SIMO) acoustic channels was analyzed by using the linear prediction method.Minimum mean square error (MMSE) blind equalizers with ...The problem of blind adaptive equalization of underwater single-input multiple-output (SIMO) acoustic channels was analyzed by using the linear prediction method.Minimum mean square error (MMSE) blind equalizers with arbitrary delay were described on a basis of channel identification.Two methods for calculating linear MMSE equalizers were proposed.One was based on full channel identification and realized using RLS adaptive algorithms,and the other was based on the zero-delay MMSE equalizer and realized using LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms,respectively.Performance of the three proposed algorithms and comparison with two existing zero-forcing (ZF) equalization algorithms were investigated by simulations utilizing two underwater acoustic channels.The results show that the proposed algorithms are robust enough to channel order mismatch.They have almost the same performance as the corresponding ZF algorithms under a high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and better performance under a low SNR.展开更多
Vessels,especially very large or ultra large crude carriers(VLCCs or ULCCs),often can only dock and leave the berth during high tide periods to prevent being stranded.Unfortunately,the current crude scheduling models ...Vessels,especially very large or ultra large crude carriers(VLCCs or ULCCs),often can only dock and leave the berth during high tide periods to prevent being stranded.Unfortunately,the current crude scheduling models do not take into account tidal conditions,which will seriously affect the feasibility of crude schedule.So we first focus on the docking and leaving operations under the tidal actions,and establish a new hybrid continuous-time mixed integer linear programming(MILP)model which incorporates global event based formulation and unit-specific event based formulation.Upon considering that the multiple blending of crude oil can easily cause the production fluctuating,there are some reasonable assumptions that storage tanks can only store pure crude,and charging tanks just can be refilled after being emptied,which helps us obtain a simple MILP model without composition discrepancy caused by crude blending.Two cases are used to demonstrate the efficacy of proposed scheduling model.The results show that the optimization schedule can minimize the demurrage of the vessels and the number of feeding changeovers of crude oil distillation units(CDUs).展开更多
A model of continuous-time insider trading in which a risk-neutral in-sider possesses two imperfect correlated signals of a risky asset is studied.By conditional expectation theory and filtering theory,we first establ...A model of continuous-time insider trading in which a risk-neutral in-sider possesses two imperfect correlated signals of a risky asset is studied.By conditional expectation theory and filtering theory,we first establish three lemmas:normal corre-lation,equivalent pricing and equivalent profit,which can guarantee to turn our model into a model with insider knowing full information.Then we investigate the impact of the two correlated signals on the market equilibrium consisting of optimal insider trading strategy and semi-strong pricing rule.It shows that in the equilibrium,(1)the market depth is constant over time;(2)if the two noisy signals are not linerly correlated,then all private information of the insider is incorporated into prices in the end while the whole information on the asset value can not incorporated into prices in the end;(3)if the two noisy signals are linear correlated such that the insider can infer the whole information of the asset value,then our model turns into a model with insider knowing full information;(4)if the two noisy signals are the same then the total ex ant profit of the insider is increasing with the noise decreasing,while down to O as the noise going up to infinity;(5)if the two noisy signals are not linear correlated then with one noisy signal fixed,the total ex ante profit of the insider is single-peaked with a unique minimum with respect to the other noisy signal value,and furthermore as the noisy value going to O it gets its maximum,the profit in the case that the real value is observed.展开更多
The turbo equalization approach is studied for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） system with combined error control coding and linear precoding. While previous literatures employed linear precodcr of...The turbo equalization approach is studied for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） system with combined error control coding and linear precoding. While previous literatures employed linear precodcr of small size for complexity reasons, this paper proposes to use a linear precoder of size larger than or equal to the maximum length of the equivalent discrete-time channel in order to achieve full frequency diversity and reduce complexities of the error control coder/decoder. Also a low complexity Linear Minimum Mean Square Error （LMMSE） turbo equalizer is derived for the receiver. Through simulation and performance analysis, it is shown that the performance of the proposed scheme over frequency selective fading channel reaches the matched filter bound; compared with the same coded OFDM without linear precoding, the proposed scheme shows an Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） improvement of at least 6dB at a bit error rate of 10 6 over a multipath channel with exponential power delay profile. Convergence behavior of the proposed scheme with turbo equalization using various type of linear precoder/transformer, various interleaver size and error control coder of various constraint length is also investigated.展开更多
This paper describes using a high-speed continuous-time analog adaptive equalizer as the front-end of a receiver for a high-speed serial interface,which is compliant with many serial communication specifications such ...This paper describes using a high-speed continuous-time analog adaptive equalizer as the front-end of a receiver for a high-speed serial interface,which is compliant with many serial communication specifications such as USB2.0,PCI-E2.0 and Rapid 10.The low and high frequency loops are merged to decrease the effect of delay between the two paths,in addition,the infinite input impedance facilitates the cascade stages in order to improve the high frequency boosting gain.The implemented circuit architecture could facilitate the wide frequency range from 1 to 3.3 Gbps with different length FR4-PCB traces,which brings as much as 25 dB loss.The replica control circuits are injected to provide a convenient way to regulate common-mode voltage for full differential operation.In addition,AC coupling is adopted to suppress the common input from the forward stage.A prototype chip was fabricated in 0.18-μm 1P6M mixed-signal CMOS technology.The actual area is 0.6×0.57 mm;and the analog equalizer operates up to 3.3 Gbps over FR4-PCB trace with 25 dB loss.The overall power dissipation is approximately 23.4 mW.展开更多
Based on the constant modulus criterion, a new Widely Linear(WL) blind equalizer and a novel widely linear recursive least square constant modulus algorithm are proposed to improve the blind equalization performance f...Based on the constant modulus criterion, a new Widely Linear(WL) blind equalizer and a novel widely linear recursive least square constant modulus algorithm are proposed to improve the blind equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals. The new algorithm takes advantage of the WL filtering theory by taking full use of second-order statistical information of the complex-valued noncircular signals. Therefore, the weight vector contains the complete second-order information of the real and imaginary parts to decrease the residual inter-symbol interference effectively. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals compared with traditional blind equalization algorithms.展开更多
The scheduling of gasoline-blending operations is an important problem in the oil refining industry. Thisproblem not only exhibits the combinatorial nature that is intrinsic to scheduling problems, but alsonon-convex ...The scheduling of gasoline-blending operations is an important problem in the oil refining industry. Thisproblem not only exhibits the combinatorial nature that is intrinsic to scheduling problems, but alsonon-convex nonlinear behavior, due to the blending of various materials with different quality properties.In this work, a global optimization algorithm is proposed to solve a previously published continuous-timemixed-integer nonlinear scheduling model for gasoline blending. The model includes blend recipe optimi-zation, the distribution problem, and several important operational features and constraints. The algorithmemploys piecewise McCormick relaxation （PMCR） and normalized multiparametric disaggregation tech-nique （NMDT） to compute estimates of the global optimum. These techniques partition the domain of oneof the variables in a bilinear term and generate convex relaxations for each partition. By increasing the num-ber of partitions and reducing the domain of the variables, the algorithm is able to refine the estimates ofthe global solution. The algorithm is compared to two commercial global solvers and two heuristic methodsby solving four examples from the literature. Results show that the proposed global optimization algorithmperforms on par with commercial solvers but is not as fast as heuristic approaches.展开更多
For square contingency tables with ordered categories, the present paper gives several theorems that the symmetry model holds if and only if the generalized linear diagonals-parameter symmetry model for cell probabili...For square contingency tables with ordered categories, the present paper gives several theorems that the symmetry model holds if and only if the generalized linear diagonals-parameter symmetry model for cell probabilities and for cumulative probabilities and the mean nonequality model of row and column variables hold. It also shows the orthogonality of statistic for testing goodness-of-fit of the symmetry model. An example is given.展开更多
A new fully fuzzy linear programming(FFLP)problem with fuzzy equality constraints is discussed.Using deviation degree measures,the FFLP problem is transformed into a crisp 6-parametric linear programming(LP)problem.Gi...A new fully fuzzy linear programming(FFLP)problem with fuzzy equality constraints is discussed.Using deviation degree measures,the FFLP problem is transformed into a crisp 6-parametric linear programming(LP)problem.Giving the value of deviation degree in each constraint,the 6-fuzzy optimal solution of the FFLP problem can be obtained by solving this LP problem.An algorithm is also proposed to find a balance-fuzzy optimal solution between two goals in conflict:to improve the values of the objective function and to decrease the values of the deviation degrees.A numerical example is solved to illustrate the proposed method.展开更多
The presence of heteroskedasticity in a considered regression model may bias the standard deviations of parameters obtained by the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. In this case, several hypothesis tests on the mode...The presence of heteroskedasticity in a considered regression model may bias the standard deviations of parameters obtained by the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. In this case, several hypothesis tests on the model under consideration may be biased, for example, CHOW’s coefficient stability test (or structural change test), Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F-test. Most of the heteroscedasticity tests in the literature are based on the comparison of variances. Despite the multiplication of equality tests of coefficients of variation (CVs) that have appeared in the literature, to our knowledge, the first and only use of the coefficient of variation in the detection of heteroskedasticity was offered by Li and Yao in 2017. Thus, this paper offers an approach to determine the existence of heteroskedasticity by a test of equality of coefficients of variation. We verify by a Monte Carlo robustness and performance test that our method seems even better than some tests in the literature. The results of this study contribute to the exploitation of the statistical measurement of CV dispersion. They help technicians economists to better verify their hypotheses before making a scientific decision when making a necessary forecast, in order to contribute effectively to the economic and sustainable development of a company or enterprise.展开更多
This paper shows influence of gender equality on economy where it analyzed how gender equality in Europe has affected on the development of the frozen food industry and services related to childcare. The development o...This paper shows influence of gender equality on economy where it analyzed how gender equality in Europe has affected on the development of the frozen food industry and services related to childcare. The development of these industries has given a positive impulse to the development of the whole economy. In this analysis, it is used multiple regressions as one of the most important statistical methods. In the first part of this paper, it shows the connection among the growth of female employment, growth in frozen food expenditure and growth of GDP in United Kingdom. In the second part of paper, it shows the relationship among the growth of labor force participation of women, growth of number of kindergarten and growth of GDP in Hungary. To proof these relationships, it used a multiple regression model. This statistical model was tested by using the T schedule which showed that the model in both the analyses is correct. At the end of the paper, it presents that employment rate and GDP behaves in the same way in European Union. These analyses show that it is necessary to continue to strengthen gender equality if the policy makers want to achieve even greater economic growth. The issue of gender equality is a very important factor in creating employment policy, and statisticians should be more involved in process of employment policy and gender equality展开更多
随着先进工艺和技术的不断进步,要想保证数据在高速传输中的正确性,均衡器需要有更高的补偿和更低的功耗,才能实现高效通信。基于12 nm互补金属氧化物半导体工艺,设计了一种高增益、低功耗的自适应连续时间线性均衡器(continuous time l...随着先进工艺和技术的不断进步,要想保证数据在高速传输中的正确性,均衡器需要有更高的补偿和更低的功耗,才能实现高效通信。基于12 nm互补金属氧化物半导体工艺,设计了一种高增益、低功耗的自适应连续时间线性均衡器(continuous time linear equalizer,CTLE),该均衡器采用2级级联结构来补偿信道衰减,并提高接收信号的质量。此外,自适应模块通过采用符号-符号最小均方误差(sign-sign least mean square,SS-LMS)算法,使抽头系数加快了收敛速度。仿真结果表明,当传输速率为16 Gbit/s时,均衡器可以补偿-15.53 dB的半波特率通道衰减,均衡器系数在16×10^(4)个单元间隔数据内收敛,并且收敛之后接收误码率低于10^(-12)。展开更多
高速通信接口中均衡器必须借助于自适应算法才能实时跟踪并处理信道的变化以实现对不同信道损耗的动态补偿。提出一种新的符号最小均方(Sign Sign Least Mean Square,SS-LMS)自适应算法,在传统SS-LMS算法的基础上,使用数字状态机检测接...高速通信接口中均衡器必须借助于自适应算法才能实时跟踪并处理信道的变化以实现对不同信道损耗的动态补偿。提出一种新的符号最小均方(Sign Sign Least Mean Square,SS-LMS)自适应算法,在传统SS-LMS算法的基础上,使用数字状态机检测接收数据的码型,并引入期望值算法,利用内部基准电压和均衡数据的乘积替代外部引入的期望数据,通过比较参考基准电压与接收信号,实现对增益的自适应调节。该算法从根本上解决了传统SS-LMS自适应算法需依赖于外部输入训练数据的缺陷,不但提高了均衡器的自适应能力,而且通过减少接口数量节约了芯片设计成本。采用SMIC 28 nm CMOS工艺,设计了基于改进算法的自适应接收器电路。实现最高12.5 Gb/s传输速率下,通道衰减为25 dB的数据均衡,均衡后的眼图水平张开度可达到0.88 UI。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018AAA0101502,2018YFB1702300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61722312,61533019,U1811463,61533017)。
文摘In this paper,a new parallel controller is developed for continuous-time linear systems.The main contribution of the method is to establish a new parallel control law,where both state and control are considered as the input.The structure of the parallel control is provided,and the relationship between the parallel control and traditional feedback controls is presented.Considering the situations that the systems are controllable and incompletely controllable,the properties of the parallel control law are analyzed.The parallel controller design algorithms are given under the conditions that the systems are controllable and incompletely controllable.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the present method.Index Terms-Continuous-time linear systems,digital twin,parallel controller,parallel intelligence,parallel systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A Simple and useful decision feedback equalizer used for non-linear channels with severe linear distortion and mild non-linear distortion is proposed. It is a combination of a nonlinear channel equalizer based on connectionist model and a common decision feedback equalizer for linear channels. For a typical non-linear channel model it is shown that the equalization performances of the proposed equalizer are improved significantly.
文摘The achievable bit error rate of a linear equalizer is crucially determined by the choice of a decision delay parameter. This brief paper presents a simple method for the efficient determination of the optimal decision delay parameter that results in the best bit error rate performance for a linear equalizer. Keywords Linear equalizer - decision delay - bit error rate Eng Siong Chng received his university education at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland (BEng 1991, PhD 1995). After his PhD, he spent 6 months in Japan, working as a researcher for Riken. After working in industry in Singapore for 7 years, he joined the School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University in 2003. His research interests are in digital signal processing for communication applications, speech and handwriting recognition and noise reduction.Sheng Chen obtained a BEng degree in control engineering from the East China Petroleum Institute, Dongying, China, in 1982, and a PhD degree in control engineering from the City University at London in 1986. He joined the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton in September 1999. He previously held research and academic appointments at the Universities of Sheffield, Edinburgh and Portsmouth. Dr Chen is a Senior Member of the IEEE in the USA. His recent research works include adaptive nonlinear signal processing, modeling and identification of nonlinear systems, neural networks and machine learning, finite-precision digital controller design, evolutionary computation methods and optimization. He has published over 200 research papers. In the database of the world’s most highly cited researchers in various disciplines, compiled by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) of the USA, Dr Chen is on the list of highly cited researchers in the category that covers all branches of engineering subject, see www.ISIHighlyCited.com.
文摘In this paper, we consider the perturbation analysis of linear time-invariant systems, which arise from the linear optimal control in continuous-time. We provide a method to compute condition numbers of continuous-time linear time-invariant systems. It solves the perturbed linear time-invariant systems via Riccati differential equations and continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations in finite and infinite time horizons. We derive the explicit expressions of measuring the perturbation bounds of condition numbers with respect to the solution of the linear time-invariant systems. Furthermore, condition numbers and their upper bounds of Riccati differential equations and continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations are also discussed. Numerical simulations show the sharpness of the perturbation bounds computed via the proposed methods.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60372086the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China under Grant No.200753
文摘The problem of blind adaptive equalization of underwater single-input multiple-output (SIMO) acoustic channels was analyzed by using the linear prediction method.Minimum mean square error (MMSE) blind equalizers with arbitrary delay were described on a basis of channel identification.Two methods for calculating linear MMSE equalizers were proposed.One was based on full channel identification and realized using RLS adaptive algorithms,and the other was based on the zero-delay MMSE equalizer and realized using LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms,respectively.Performance of the three proposed algorithms and comparison with two existing zero-forcing (ZF) equalization algorithms were investigated by simulations utilizing two underwater acoustic channels.The results show that the proposed algorithms are robust enough to channel order mismatch.They have almost the same performance as the corresponding ZF algorithms under a high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and better performance under a low SNR.
文摘Vessels,especially very large or ultra large crude carriers(VLCCs or ULCCs),often can only dock and leave the berth during high tide periods to prevent being stranded.Unfortunately,the current crude scheduling models do not take into account tidal conditions,which will seriously affect the feasibility of crude schedule.So we first focus on the docking and leaving operations under the tidal actions,and establish a new hybrid continuous-time mixed integer linear programming(MILP)model which incorporates global event based formulation and unit-specific event based formulation.Upon considering that the multiple blending of crude oil can easily cause the production fluctuating,there are some reasonable assumptions that storage tanks can only store pure crude,and charging tanks just can be refilled after being emptied,which helps us obtain a simple MILP model without composition discrepancy caused by crude blending.Two cases are used to demonstrate the efficacy of proposed scheduling model.The results show that the optimization schedule can minimize the demurrage of the vessels and the number of feeding changeovers of crude oil distillation units(CDUs).
文摘A model of continuous-time insider trading in which a risk-neutral in-sider possesses two imperfect correlated signals of a risky asset is studied.By conditional expectation theory and filtering theory,we first establish three lemmas:normal corre-lation,equivalent pricing and equivalent profit,which can guarantee to turn our model into a model with insider knowing full information.Then we investigate the impact of the two correlated signals on the market equilibrium consisting of optimal insider trading strategy and semi-strong pricing rule.It shows that in the equilibrium,(1)the market depth is constant over time;(2)if the two noisy signals are not linerly correlated,then all private information of the insider is incorporated into prices in the end while the whole information on the asset value can not incorporated into prices in the end;(3)if the two noisy signals are linear correlated such that the insider can infer the whole information of the asset value,then our model turns into a model with insider knowing full information;(4)if the two noisy signals are the same then the total ex ant profit of the insider is increasing with the noise decreasing,while down to O as the noise going up to infinity;(5)if the two noisy signals are not linear correlated then with one noisy signal fixed,the total ex ante profit of the insider is single-peaked with a unique minimum with respect to the other noisy signal value,and furthermore as the noisy value going to O it gets its maximum,the profit in the case that the real value is observed.
基金Supported by the National High Technology ResearchDevelopment Program of China (863 Program)(No.2001AA 123014)
文摘The turbo equalization approach is studied for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） system with combined error control coding and linear precoding. While previous literatures employed linear precodcr of small size for complexity reasons, this paper proposes to use a linear precoder of size larger than or equal to the maximum length of the equivalent discrete-time channel in order to achieve full frequency diversity and reduce complexities of the error control coder/decoder. Also a low complexity Linear Minimum Mean Square Error （LMMSE） turbo equalizer is derived for the receiver. Through simulation and performance analysis, it is shown that the performance of the proposed scheme over frequency selective fading channel reaches the matched filter bound; compared with the same coded OFDM without linear precoding, the proposed scheme shows an Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） improvement of at least 6dB at a bit error rate of 10 6 over a multipath channel with exponential power delay profile. Convergence behavior of the proposed scheme with turbo equalization using various type of linear precoder/transformer, various interleaver size and error control coder of various constraint length is also investigated.
基金Project supported by the National Key Program of China(No.2009ZX03007-002-03)
文摘This paper describes using a high-speed continuous-time analog adaptive equalizer as the front-end of a receiver for a high-speed serial interface,which is compliant with many serial communication specifications such as USB2.0,PCI-E2.0 and Rapid 10.The low and high frequency loops are merged to decrease the effect of delay between the two paths,in addition,the infinite input impedance facilitates the cascade stages in order to improve the high frequency boosting gain.The implemented circuit architecture could facilitate the wide frequency range from 1 to 3.3 Gbps with different length FR4-PCB traces,which brings as much as 25 dB loss.The replica control circuits are injected to provide a convenient way to regulate common-mode voltage for full differential operation.In addition,AC coupling is adopted to suppress the common input from the forward stage.A prototype chip was fabricated in 0.18-μm 1P6M mixed-signal CMOS technology.The actual area is 0.6×0.57 mm;and the analog equalizer operates up to 3.3 Gbps over FR4-PCB trace with 25 dB loss.The overall power dissipation is approximately 23.4 mW.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61072046)the Basic Scientific and Technological Frontier Project of Henan Province(No.1123004100322)
文摘Based on the constant modulus criterion, a new Widely Linear(WL) blind equalizer and a novel widely linear recursive least square constant modulus algorithm are proposed to improve the blind equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals. The new algorithm takes advantage of the WL filtering theory by taking full use of second-order statistical information of the complex-valued noncircular signals. Therefore, the weight vector contains the complete second-order information of the real and imaginary parts to decrease the residual inter-symbol interference effectively. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals compared with traditional blind equalization algorithms.
基金Support by Ontario Research FoundationMc Master Advanced Control ConsortiumFundacao para a Ciência e Tecnologia(Investigador FCT 2013 program and project UID/MAT/04561/2013)
文摘The scheduling of gasoline-blending operations is an important problem in the oil refining industry. Thisproblem not only exhibits the combinatorial nature that is intrinsic to scheduling problems, but alsonon-convex nonlinear behavior, due to the blending of various materials with different quality properties.In this work, a global optimization algorithm is proposed to solve a previously published continuous-timemixed-integer nonlinear scheduling model for gasoline blending. The model includes blend recipe optimi-zation, the distribution problem, and several important operational features and constraints. The algorithmemploys piecewise McCormick relaxation （PMCR） and normalized multiparametric disaggregation tech-nique （NMDT） to compute estimates of the global optimum. These techniques partition the domain of oneof the variables in a bilinear term and generate convex relaxations for each partition. By increasing the num-ber of partitions and reducing the domain of the variables, the algorithm is able to refine the estimates ofthe global solution. The algorithm is compared to two commercial global solvers and two heuristic methodsby solving four examples from the literature. Results show that the proposed global optimization algorithmperforms on par with commercial solvers but is not as fast as heuristic approaches.
文摘For square contingency tables with ordered categories, the present paper gives several theorems that the symmetry model holds if and only if the generalized linear diagonals-parameter symmetry model for cell probabilities and for cumulative probabilities and the mean nonequality model of row and column variables hold. It also shows the orthogonality of statistic for testing goodness-of-fit of the symmetry model. An example is given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71202140)the Fundamental Research for the Central Universities(HUST:2013QN099)
文摘A new fully fuzzy linear programming(FFLP)problem with fuzzy equality constraints is discussed.Using deviation degree measures,the FFLP problem is transformed into a crisp 6-parametric linear programming(LP)problem.Giving the value of deviation degree in each constraint,the 6-fuzzy optimal solution of the FFLP problem can be obtained by solving this LP problem.An algorithm is also proposed to find a balance-fuzzy optimal solution between two goals in conflict:to improve the values of the objective function and to decrease the values of the deviation degrees.A numerical example is solved to illustrate the proposed method.
文摘The presence of heteroskedasticity in a considered regression model may bias the standard deviations of parameters obtained by the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. In this case, several hypothesis tests on the model under consideration may be biased, for example, CHOW’s coefficient stability test (or structural change test), Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F-test. Most of the heteroscedasticity tests in the literature are based on the comparison of variances. Despite the multiplication of equality tests of coefficients of variation (CVs) that have appeared in the literature, to our knowledge, the first and only use of the coefficient of variation in the detection of heteroskedasticity was offered by Li and Yao in 2017. Thus, this paper offers an approach to determine the existence of heteroskedasticity by a test of equality of coefficients of variation. We verify by a Monte Carlo robustness and performance test that our method seems even better than some tests in the literature. The results of this study contribute to the exploitation of the statistical measurement of CV dispersion. They help technicians economists to better verify their hypotheses before making a scientific decision when making a necessary forecast, in order to contribute effectively to the economic and sustainable development of a company or enterprise.
文摘This paper shows influence of gender equality on economy where it analyzed how gender equality in Europe has affected on the development of the frozen food industry and services related to childcare. The development of these industries has given a positive impulse to the development of the whole economy. In this analysis, it is used multiple regressions as one of the most important statistical methods. In the first part of this paper, it shows the connection among the growth of female employment, growth in frozen food expenditure and growth of GDP in United Kingdom. In the second part of paper, it shows the relationship among the growth of labor force participation of women, growth of number of kindergarten and growth of GDP in Hungary. To proof these relationships, it used a multiple regression model. This statistical model was tested by using the T schedule which showed that the model in both the analyses is correct. At the end of the paper, it presents that employment rate and GDP behaves in the same way in European Union. These analyses show that it is necessary to continue to strengthen gender equality if the policy makers want to achieve even greater economic growth. The issue of gender equality is a very important factor in creating employment policy, and statisticians should be more involved in process of employment policy and gender equality
文摘随着先进工艺和技术的不断进步,要想保证数据在高速传输中的正确性,均衡器需要有更高的补偿和更低的功耗,才能实现高效通信。基于12 nm互补金属氧化物半导体工艺,设计了一种高增益、低功耗的自适应连续时间线性均衡器(continuous time linear equalizer,CTLE),该均衡器采用2级级联结构来补偿信道衰减,并提高接收信号的质量。此外,自适应模块通过采用符号-符号最小均方误差(sign-sign least mean square,SS-LMS)算法,使抽头系数加快了收敛速度。仿真结果表明,当传输速率为16 Gbit/s时,均衡器可以补偿-15.53 dB的半波特率通道衰减,均衡器系数在16×10^(4)个单元间隔数据内收敛,并且收敛之后接收误码率低于10^(-12)。
