Continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD)using optical coherent detectors is practically favorable due to its low implementation cost,flexibility of wavelength division multiplexing,and compatibility with s...Continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD)using optical coherent detectors is practically favorable due to its low implementation cost,flexibility of wavelength division multiplexing,and compatibility with standard coherent communication technologies.However,the security analysis and parameter estimation of CV QKD are complicated due to the infinite-dimensional latent Hilbert space.Also,the transmission of strong reference pulses undermines the security and complicates the experiments.In this work,we tackle these two problems by presenting a time-bin-encoding CV protocol with a simple phase-error-based security analysis valid under general coherent attacks.With the key encoded into the relative intensity between two optical modes,the need for global references is removed.Furthermore,phase randomization can be introduced to decouple the security analysis of different photon-number components.We can hence tag the photon number for each round,effectively estimate the associated privacy using a carefully designed coherent-detection method,and independently extract encryption keys from each component.Simulations manifest that the protocol using multi-photon components increases the key rate by two orders of magnitude compared to the one using only the single-photon component.Meanwhile,the protocol with four-intensity decoy analysis is sufficient to yield tight parameter estimation with a short-distance key-rate performance comparable to the best Bennett-Brassard-1984 implementation.展开更多
Quantum key distribution(QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although ...Quantum key distribution(QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although QKD based on off-the-shelf telecom components has been validated in both laboratory and field tests, its high cost and large volume remain major obstacles to large-scale deployment. Photonic integration, featured by its compact size and low cost, offers an effective approach to addressing the above challenges faced by QKD. Here, we implement a high-performance, integrated local local oscillator continuous-variable(CV) QKD system based on an integrated silicon photonic transmitter and receiver. By employing a high-speed silicon photonic integrated inphase and quadrature modulator, a low-noise and high-bandwidth silicon photonic integrated heterodyne detector, and digital signal processing, our CV-QKD system achieves a symbol rate of up to 1.5625 GBaud.Furthermore, the system achieves asymptotic secret key rates of 31.05 and 5.05 Mbps over 25.8 and 50.4 km standard single-mode fiber, respectively, using 8-phase-shift keying discrete modulation. Our integrated CV-QKD system with a high symbol rate and long transmission distance paves the way for the quantum secure communication network in metropolitan areas.展开更多
Continuous variable quantum key distribution(CV-QKD)and continuous variable quantum random number generation(CV-QRNG)are critical technologies for secure communication and high-speed randomness generation,exploiting s...Continuous variable quantum key distribution(CV-QKD)and continuous variable quantum random number generation(CV-QRNG)are critical technologies for secure communication and high-speed randomness generation,exploiting shot-noise-limited coherent detection for their operation.Integrated photonic solutions are key to advancing these protocols,as they enable compact,scalable,and efficient system implementations.We introduce femtosecond laser micromachining(FLM)on borosilicate glass as a platform for producing photonic integrated circuits(PICs)realizing coherent detection suitable for quantum information processing.Employing off-chip detectors,we exploit the specific features of FLM to produce a PIC designed for CV-QKD and CV-QRNG applications.The PIC features fully adjustable optical components that achieve precise calibration and reliable operation under protocol-defined conditions.The device exhibits low insertion losses(≤1.28 d B),polarization-insensitive operation,and a common-mode rejection ratio exceeding 73 dB.These characteristics allowed the experimental realization of a source-device-independent CV-QRNG with a secure generation rate of 42.74 Gbit/s and a quadrature phase-shift-keying-based CV-QKD system achieving a secret key rate of 3.2 Mbit∕s.Our results highlight the potential of FLM technology as an integrated photonic platform,paving the way for scalable and high-performing quantum communication systems.展开更多
基金Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(project EP/T001011/1)Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone for Technology and Innovation(HZQB-KCZYB-2020050)+7 种基金Hong Kong Research Grant Council(R7035-21)Army Research Office(W911NF-23-1-0077)Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative(W911NF-21-1-0325)Air Force Office of Scientific Research(FA9550-19-1-0399,FA9550-21-1-0209)National Science Foundation(OMA-1936118,ERC-1941583,OMA-2137642)NTT ResearchDavid and Lucile Packard Foundation(2020-71479)Marshall and Arlene Bennett Family Research Program。
文摘Continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD)using optical coherent detectors is practically favorable due to its low implementation cost,flexibility of wavelength division multiplexing,and compatibility with standard coherent communication technologies.However,the security analysis and parameter estimation of CV QKD are complicated due to the infinite-dimensional latent Hilbert space.Also,the transmission of strong reference pulses undermines the security and complicates the experiments.In this work,we tackle these two problems by presenting a time-bin-encoding CV protocol with a simple phase-error-based security analysis valid under general coherent attacks.With the key encoded into the relative intensity between two optical modes,the need for global references is removed.Furthermore,phase randomization can be introduced to decouple the security analysis of different photon-number components.We can hence tag the photon number for each round,effectively estimate the associated privacy using a carefully designed coherent-detection method,and independently extract encryption keys from each component.Simulations manifest that the protocol using multi-photon components increases the key rate by two orders of magnitude compared to the one using only the single-photon component.Meanwhile,the protocol with four-intensity decoy analysis is sufficient to yield tight parameter estimation with a short-distance key-rate performance comparable to the best Bennett-Brassard-1984 implementation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175138,62205188,62305198)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0300703).
文摘Quantum key distribution(QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although QKD based on off-the-shelf telecom components has been validated in both laboratory and field tests, its high cost and large volume remain major obstacles to large-scale deployment. Photonic integration, featured by its compact size and low cost, offers an effective approach to addressing the above challenges faced by QKD. Here, we implement a high-performance, integrated local local oscillator continuous-variable(CV) QKD system based on an integrated silicon photonic transmitter and receiver. By employing a high-speed silicon photonic integrated inphase and quadrature modulator, a low-noise and high-bandwidth silicon photonic integrated heterodyne detector, and digital signal processing, our CV-QKD system achieves a symbol rate of up to 1.5625 GBaud.Furthermore, the system achieves asymptotic secret key rates of 31.05 and 5.05 Mbps over 25.8 and 50.4 km standard single-mode fiber, respectively, using 8-phase-shift keying discrete modulation. Our integrated CV-QKD system with a high symbol rate and long transmission distance paves the way for the quantum secure communication network in metropolitan areas.
基金financially supported by European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under the project Quantum Secure Networks Partnership(QSNP)Grant Agreement No.101114043。
文摘Continuous variable quantum key distribution(CV-QKD)and continuous variable quantum random number generation(CV-QRNG)are critical technologies for secure communication and high-speed randomness generation,exploiting shot-noise-limited coherent detection for their operation.Integrated photonic solutions are key to advancing these protocols,as they enable compact,scalable,and efficient system implementations.We introduce femtosecond laser micromachining(FLM)on borosilicate glass as a platform for producing photonic integrated circuits(PICs)realizing coherent detection suitable for quantum information processing.Employing off-chip detectors,we exploit the specific features of FLM to produce a PIC designed for CV-QKD and CV-QRNG applications.The PIC features fully adjustable optical components that achieve precise calibration and reliable operation under protocol-defined conditions.The device exhibits low insertion losses(≤1.28 d B),polarization-insensitive operation,and a common-mode rejection ratio exceeding 73 dB.These characteristics allowed the experimental realization of a source-device-independent CV-QRNG with a secure generation rate of 42.74 Gbit/s and a quadrature phase-shift-keying-based CV-QKD system achieving a secret key rate of 3.2 Mbit∕s.Our results highlight the potential of FLM technology as an integrated photonic platform,paving the way for scalable and high-performing quantum communication systems.
