Objective:To explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)therapy on daytime sleepiness and cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Met...Objective:To explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)therapy on daytime sleepiness and cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods:From January to December 2024,60 patients with moderate to severe OSAHS were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group.The observation group received CPAP combined with routine intervention,while the control group only received routine intervention,with a course of 3 months for both groups.Results:After 3 months of intervention,the observation group showed significantly better improvements in the frequency and duration of daytime sleepiness as well as all dimensions of cognitive function compared with the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:CPAP therapy can effectively relieve daytime sleepiness in patients with moderate to severe OSAHS,and significantly improve memory,attention and logical thinking ability.The comprehensive intervention effect is superior to simple routine management.展开更多
Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and coronary artery disease(CAD)frequently coexist,forming a bidirectional pathophysiological loop that amplifies cardiovascular risk.Intermittent hypoxemia in OSA patients promotes endothe...Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and coronary artery disease(CAD)frequently coexist,forming a bidirectional pathophysiological loop that amplifies cardiovascular risk.Intermittent hypoxemia in OSA patients promotes endothelial dysfunction,systemic inflammation,oxidative stress,and sympathetic activation,thereby accelerating atherogenesis,whereas myocardial ischemia and ventricular dysfunction in CAD patients can further destabilize upper-airway patency and exacerbate OSA.Continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)is the standard therapy for OSA and reliably restores sleep architecture;however,large randomized trials have reported inconsistent effects on major adverse cardiovascular events,particularly in patients with established CAD.This mini review synthesizes contemporary data on CPAP across diverse OSA–CAD clinical scenarios,delineates patient phenotypes most likely to achieve cardiovascular benefit and identifies contexts in which CPAP provides limited protection.On the basis of these findings,we propose pragmatic recommendations for patient selection,adherence monitoring and optimization of CPAP therapy and highlight key research priorities,including extended follow-up,adherence-enhancing strategies and multimodal interventions.Clarifying the circumstances under which CPAP is cardioprotective will enable more precise management of patients with OSA,with or without concomitant CAD.展开更多
The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory dis...The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)following intubation-surfactant-extubation(INSURE)treatment.A two-center randomized control trial was performed.The primary outcome was the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age after INSURE.Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and incidences of adverse events.Lung function at one year of corrected age was also compared between the two groups.There were 140 cases in the CPAP group and 144 in the BiPAP group.After INSURE,the reintubation rates of infants within 72 h of age were 15%and 11.1%in the CPAP group and the BiPAP group,respectively(P>0.05).Neonates in the BiPAP group was on positive airway pressure(PAP)therapy three days less than in the CPAP group(12.6 d and 15.3 d,respectively,P<0.05),and on oxygen six days less than in the CPAP group(20.6 d and 26.9 d,respectively,P<0.05).Other outcomes such as BPD,NEC,ROP and feeding intolerance were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no difference in lung function at one year of age between the two groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,after INSURE,the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age was comparable between the BiPAP group and the CPAP group.BiPAP was superior to CPAP in terms of shorter durations(days)on PAP support and oxygen supplementation.There were no differences in the incidences of BPD and ROP,and lung function at one year of age between the two ventilation methods.展开更多
Aim： To assess the efficacy of sildenafil and continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） in the treatment of concurrent erectile dysfunction （ED） with obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, and to gauge the level of tr...Aim： To assess the efficacy of sildenafil and continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） in the treatment of concurrent erectile dysfunction （ED） with obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, and to gauge the level of treatment satisfaction in patients and their partners. Methods： Forty men were treated for 12 weeks with sildenafil 100 mg （20 men） or CPAP during nighttime sleep （20 men）. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the rate of successful intercourse attempts, and satisfaction with treatment was assessed by patients＇ and partners＇ answers to question 1 of the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction. Results： Under sildenafil, 128 of 249 （51.4%） intercourse attempts were successful; under CPAP, 51 of 193 （26.9%） attempts were successful （^cp 〈 0.001）. Erectile function was improved in both groups. After sildenafil and CPAP treatment, the mean International Index for Erectile Function domain scores were 14.3 and 10.8, respectively （^bp = 0.025）, compared to 7.8 and 7 at baseline, respectively. CPAP and sildenafil were well tolerated. Sporadic episodes of nasal dryness under CPAP and transient headache and flushing under sildenafil were not significant. Fifty percent of patients treated with sildenafil and 25% with CPAP were satisfied with the treatment, and their partners were equally satisfied. The satisfaction scores for both patients and partners under sildenafil were superior to those under CPAP （^cP 〈 0.002）. Conclusion： Both sildenafil 100 mg and CPAP, used separately, had positive therapeutic impact but sildenafil was superior. Patients and their partners were more satisfied with sildenafil for the treatment of ED. However, because of the high proportion of dissatisfied men and partners, new therapeutic agents or a combination of the two methods must be studied further.展开更多
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)has been suggested as an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)is the first-line therapy for OSA.AIM To...BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)has been suggested as an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)is the first-line therapy for OSA.AIM To clarify the efficacy of effective CPAP therapy on NAFLD of OSA patients by serum markers and transient elastography(TE)using FibroScan®(Echosens,Paris,France).METHODS We prospectively enrolled 123 consecutive patients with OSA who met the indications for CPAP.Liver fibrosis and steatosis were assessed using TE.Before and after 6 mo of CPAP therapy,serum markers and TE were assessed for all patients.The mean usage rate of CPAP therapy for 6 mo was arbitrarily calculated in each patient and expressed as“mean compliance index”(m-CI).RESULTS In 50 OSA patients with NAFLD,both aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels were significantly decreased after 6 mo of CPAP therapy.Univariate analysis showed that decreased body weight(BW),decreased body mass index(BMI),decreased AST level,decreased hemoglobin A1c,and high m-CI were significantly related with improved ALT level.In multivariate regression model adjusted for quantities of BW change during 6 mo of CPAP therapy,high m-CI tended to improve ALT level(P=0.051).All 17 OSA patients with NAFLD,high m-CI and no BMI changes showed significant improvements in AST and ALT levels.Meanwhile,no significant changes in TE data or serum fibrosis markers were seen.CONCLUSION Some NAFLD could be associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia due to OSA independent of BW changes.In those cases,adequate reoxygenation from effective CPAP therapy may improve NAFLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND: To determine whether the prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) therapy is associated with a reduced rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with an acute respiratory disorder bro...BACKGROUND: To determine whether the prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) therapy is associated with a reduced rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with an acute respiratory disorder brought to the emergency department(ED).METHODS: We reviewed medical records of patients with acute respiratory distress who had been treated with CPAP in the Mobile Intensive Care Unit(MICU) from January 2010 to December 2011. These records were compared with those of patients who received standardized care without CPAP in the MICU from January 2004 to December 2004. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and compared between groups using Fisher's exact test or the Chi-square test. Continuous variables were summarized as medians(interquartile range), and comparison between the groups was made using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. The relationship between CPAP and intubation rate was determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis of propensity scores. The results were presented as odds ratio(OR), 95% confidence interval(CI), and P value for test effect. The adequacy of the model was calibrated using Hosmer and Lemeshow's goodness-of-fit test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The records of 785 patients were reviewed. Of the 215 patients treated with CPAP in the MICU, 13% were intubated after admission. In contrast, of the 570 patients who did not receive CPAP, 28% were intubated after ED admission. Unadjusted logistic regression analysis showed that patients who had been treated with CPAP were less likely to be intubated than those without CPAP treatment(OR=0.37, 95% CI, 0.24–0.57, P<0.0001). With propensity scores adjusted, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CPAP treatment was associated with a 62% reduction of intubation(OR=0.384, 95%CI, 0.25–0.60, P≤0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute respiratory disorder, there was a relationship between CPAP therapy and the decreased intubation rate. CPAP therapy was feasible in prehospital management of patients with respiratory distress.展开更多
BACKGROUND Vascular injury during thoracoscopic surgery for esophageal cancer is a rare but life-threatening complication that can lead to severe hypotension and hypoxemia.Anesthesiologists need to provide rapid and e...BACKGROUND Vascular injury during thoracoscopic surgery for esophageal cancer is a rare but life-threatening complication that can lead to severe hypotension and hypoxemia.Anesthesiologists need to provide rapid and effective treatment to save patients'lives.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male patient was scheduled to undergo a thoracoscopic-assisted radical resection of esophageal cancer through the upper abdomen and right chest.While dissociating the esophagus from the carina through the right chest,unexpected profuse bleeding occurred from a suspected pulmonary vascular hemorrhage.While the surgeon attempted to achieve hemostasis,the patient developed severe hypoxemia.The anesthesiologist implemented continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)using a bronchial blocker(BB),which effectively improved the patient’s oxygenation and the operation was completed success-fully.CONCLUSION CPAP using a BB can resolve severe hypoxemia caused by accidental injury of the left inferior pulmonary vein during surgery.展开更多
Background:Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is highly common in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and it is a strong predictor of subsequent cardiovascular events.However,whether treatment with continuous positive ...Background:Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is highly common in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and it is a strong predictor of subsequent cardiovascular events.However,whether treatment with continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)can decrease this risk remains controversial.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to identify randomized clinical trials reporting cardiovascular events from database inception to February 12,2022.Results:Four trials with 3043 participants were included.The median follow-up duration ranged from 3 to 4.75 years.Compared with usual care alone,CPAP was not associated with decreased MACCE risk(RR 0.96,95%CI 0.77–1.21,P=0.75),and the results were consistent regardless of CPAP adherence(≥4 hours/night vs.<4 hours/night,RR 0.48,95%CI 0.20–1.16).Similarly,no significant differences were observed between groups in the risks of all-cause death(RR 0.81,95%CI 0.52–1.26),cardiovascular death(RR 0.70,95%CI 0.36–1.33),myocardial infarction(RR 1.08,95%CI 0.73–1.60),revascularization(RR 1.03,95%CI 0.77–1.38),and cerebrovascular events(RR 0.77,95%CI 0.23–2.61).Conclusion:Existing evidence does not support an association between CPAP treatment and decreased risk of recur-rent cardiovascular events in patients with CAD and OSA,regardless of adherence to CPAP.展开更多
Background: Previous studies of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have shown conflicting results on the effect on blood pressure (BP), and patients with chronic ki...Background: Previous studies of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have shown conflicting results on the effect on blood pressure (BP), and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been included in these studies. As OSA is a frequent comorbidity in patients with CKD, it is of relevance to evaluate the effect of CPAP treatment on BP in this population. Aim: In this prospective follow-up study, we measured the effect of short term CPAP treatment of moderate-to-severe OSA on brachial and central BP, plasma level of syndecan-1 and vasoactive hormones, renal handling of sodium, subjective sleepiness, and quality of life in patients with impaired renal function. Methods: From December 2015 until March 2017, 25 patients were invited to participate in the study at the University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Aarhus University and Holstebro Hospital. At baseline and at follow-up after three to four months of CPAP treatment, we performed 24 h brachial and central ambulatory BP measurement, blood sampling measurements of plasma concentrations of syndecan-1, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin, creatinine, haemoglobin A1c, and cholesterol, cardio respiratory monitoring, 24 h urine collection for measurement of urinary excretion of albumin, aquaporin-2, and epithelial sodium channel, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and SF-36 (quality of life). Results: At follow-up, the 17 included patients with mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate 66 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a significant decrease in systolic office-, 24 h- and daytime-BP (13, 7, and 8 mmHg, respectively, p Conclusion: Short-term CPAP treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and reduced renal function decreased 24 h- and daytime-BP significantly and reduced urinary albumin excretion. Our results underline the importance of treatment of OSA in hypertensive patients with impaired renal function.展开更多
Erectile dysfunction （ED） is considered a condition with a broad range of etiologies. Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） syndrome is one of the lesser studied risk factors for ED. We intend to summarize the current evi...Erectile dysfunction （ED） is considered a condition with a broad range of etiologies. Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） syndrome is one of the lesser studied risk factors for ED. We intend to summarize the current evidence on the relationship between OSA and sexual impairment, focusing on the results in terms of erectile function of the different therapies offered to OSA patients. A systematic review was conducted, selecting articles related to the physiology of OSA and ED, and to the treatments of OSA syndrome and their reported outcomes in erectile and sexual function. Higher prevalences of ED in the OSA groups have been published. However, whether this effect on the erectile function occurs in the entire range of OSA severities remains unclear. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the physiology of this association. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as a treatment for OSA patients with ED has achieved a significative improvement in the sexual parameters in most of the studies. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors （iPDE5） on demand are useful as a treatment for ED in this subgroup of patients, with high satisfaction rates. The surgical treatment for the OSA evidenced benefits over the erectile function, and the effect on the sexual satisfaction of the therapy using Mandibular Advancement Devices is still undefined.展开更多
In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking...In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking of UAVs pseudolites for accurate navigation with only inertial navigation during GNSS denied area,which can provide accurate positioning services without prior information like anchor points.On this basis,this paper proposes a mathematical model of UAV pseudolite networking to describe the relationship of UAV flight altitude,network service coverage and anti-jamming capabilities.This model demonstrates excellent anti-interference ability,which can achieve a maximum power enhancement of up to 54.58 dB.And it can also offer another operating mode with a maximum coverage range of up to 2675.47 km^(2),while still ensuring a power enhancement of 37.57dB.This method can effectively solve the problem of providing continuous positioning services as an alternative GNSS,and is also a powerful support solution for resilient Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)^([1]).展开更多
Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a prevalent and underdiagnosed sleep disorder strongly associated with obesity.Traditional therapies such as continuous positive airway pressure are effective but often limited by poor a...Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a prevalent and underdiagnosed sleep disorder strongly associated with obesity.Traditional therapies such as continuous positive airway pressure are effective but often limited by poor adherence.Recent evidence suggests that tirzepatide,a dual glucagon like receptor-1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist,may offer a pharmacologic approach to OSA management through its weight-reducing and metabolic effects.This narrative review was conducted using a structured search of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus databases for English-language articles published up to May 2024.Keywords included“tirzepatide”,“obstructive sleep apnea”,“OSA”,and“GLP-1 agonist”.Clinical trials,systematic reviews,and relevant observational studies focusing on tirzepatide’s role in OSA or obesity were included and thematically analyzed.Emerging evidence from the SURMOUNT-OSA and related trials indicates that tirzepatide leads to clinically significant reductions in body weight,apnea-hypopnea index,and systemic inflammation.The drug was found to be effective and also showed additional benefits in sleep quality and cardiovascular risk factors.Tirzepatide represents a promising pharmacologic advancement in the management of obesity-related OSA.By targeting both metabolic and structural contributors to OSA,it may serve as an adjunct or alternative to traditional therapies.Further research is warranted to evaluate long-term outcomes and to define its role in clinical practice guidelines.展开更多
Background： For patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）, the night sleep interruption and intermittent hypoxia due to apnea or hypopnea may induce glyce...Background： For patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）, the night sleep interruption and intermittent hypoxia due to apnea or hypopnea may induce glycemic excursions and reduce insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） therapy in patients with OSAHS and T2DM. Methods： Continuous glucose monitoring system （CGMS） was used in 40 patients with T2DM and newly diagnosed OSAHS. The measurements were repeated after 30 days of CPAP treatment. Subsequently, insulin sensitivity and glycohemoglobin （HbAlc） were measured and compared to the pretreatment data. Results： After CPAP therapy, the CGMS indicators showed that the 24-h mean blood glucose （MBG） and the night time MBG were significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively）. The mean ambulatory glucose excursions （MAGEs） and the mean of daily differences were also significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05 and P = 0.002, respectively） compared to pretreatment levels. During the night, MAGE also significantly decreased （P = 0.049）. The differences between the highest and lowest levels of blood glucose over 24 h and during the night were significantly lower than prior to CPAP treatment （P 〈 0.05 and P = 0.024, respectively）. The 24 h and night time durations of high blood glucose （〉7.8 mmol/L and 〉 11.1 mmol/L） decreased （P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.05, respectively） after the treatment. In addition, HbA 1 c levels were also lower than those before treatment （P 〈 0.05）, and the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance was also significantly lower than before CPAP treatment （P = 0.034）. Conclusions： CPAP therapy may have a beneficial effect on improving not only blood glucose but also upon insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients with OSAHS. This suggests that CPAP may be an effective treatment for T2DM in addition to intensive diabetes management.展开更多
Background： Current views on continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） treatment to improve the cognitive deficits of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS） are controversial, so we performed a me...Background： Current views on continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） treatment to improve the cognitive deficits of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS） are controversial, so we performed a meta-analysis. Methods： A comprehensive literature search was undertaken in PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Psyclnfo, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBMdisc for studies published from June 1971 to July 2014. The outcome measures included neuropsychological tests of the 7 cognitive domains detailed below. Results： After screening the titles and abstracts and thoroughly reading the fuU text, we obtained 13 studies with little risk of bias that incorporated 1744 middle-aged obese participants with mild to severe OSAS. The studies were published from 1994 to 2012. Treatment durations varied from 1 to 24 weeks. The effect sizes of attention, vigilance, processing speed, working memory, memory, verbal fluency, and visuoconstructive skills domains were -0.10 （P = 0.24）, -0.12 （P = 0.04）, -0.08 （P = 0.16）, 0.00 （P = 0.95）, -0.04 （P = 0.30）, -0.06 （P = 0.34）, and -0.01 （P = 0.92）, respectively. Conclusions： Cognition partially improved in patients with OSAS after CPAP treatment. The only domain with significant improvement was vigilance. Rigorous randomized controlled trials need to be performed to obtain clear results.展开更多
Background Recent research suggested that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS） might be independently associated with hypoadiponectinemia, which was linked to some complications of OSAS, such as hypertension, dia...Background Recent research suggested that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS） might be independently associated with hypoadiponectinemia, which was linked to some complications of OSAS, such as hypertension, diabetes etc. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） treatment on changes of both serum adiponectin levels and mean arterial pressure and their possible links in male OSAS patients. Methods Twenty-three adult male patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS but without obesity, coronary heart disease and diabetes were recruited. Their blood samples were collected and morning mean arterial pressure （MAP） was measured before CPAP treatment and on day 3, 7, 14 of CPAP treatment respectively. The serum adiponectin concentration was tested with radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with the serum adiponectin level before CPAP treatment, no significant change was found in OSAS patients on day 3 and day 7 of CPAP treatment （P〉0.05）. It was not until day 14 of CPAP treatment did a significant elevation in serum adiponectin level occur （P〈0.01）. Meanwhile, the MAP showed no statistically significant difference among its levels before CPAP, on day 3 and day 7 of CPAP treatment （P〉0.05）. However, on day 14 of CPAP treatment, a significantly lower MAP than that obtained before treatment was observed （P〈0.05）. Conclusions CPAP treatment can gradually reverse hypoadiponectinemia and reduce MAP in OSAS patients. Hypoadiponectinemia might be involved in the pathogenesis of OSAS-mediated hypertension.展开更多
Objective To explore the changes in plasma angiotensin II （Ang Ⅱ） and circadian rhythm of blood pressure among hypertensive patients with sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） before and after continuous positive airway pre...Objective To explore the changes in plasma angiotensin II （Ang Ⅱ） and circadian rhythm of blood pressure among hypertensive patients with sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） before and after continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） or surgical treatment. Methods A total of 180 essential hypertension patients were enrolled in our study. The determination of plasma Ang Ⅱ concentration, ambulatory blood pressure （ABP）, and polysomnography （PSG） monitoring were performed before and 3 months after CPAP or surgical treatment. Results Patients were classified into three groups by their apnea-hypopnea index （AHI）： essential hypertension group （EH group, n=72; AHI〈5）, essential hypertension with mild SAS group （EH＋mild SAS group, n=60, 5≤AHI〈20）, and essential hypertension with moderate and severe SAS group （EH＋moderate-severe SAS group, n=48, AHI_〉20）. The concentrations of plasma AngⅡ in the above three groups were 13.42±3.27, 16.17±3.82, and 18.73±4.05 ng/mL respectively before treatment, and AngⅡ concentration in EH patients combined with SAS was significantly higher than that in EH group （all P〈0.05）. After treatment the values in the latter two groups significantly decreased to 14.67±2.56 and 15.03±3.41 ng/mL respectively （P〈0.05）. The incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in EH patients was 31.9%, and those in hypertensive patients with mild SAS and moderate-severe SAS were 51.7% and 58.3%, respectively before treatment. The incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in the EH patients with mild SAS was significantly higher than that of patients with EH alone （P〈0.05）. After CPAP treatment or surgery, the incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in the two SAS groups was significantly decreased to 38.3% and 39.6%, respectively （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Ang Ⅱ might play a role in blood pressure variability in patients with obstructive SAS. CPAP or surgical treatment can improve blood pressure disorder and decrease plasma Ang Ⅱ level in patients with obstructive SAS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is an emerging liver disease and currently the most common cause of incidental abnormal liver tests.The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial and many mechanisms th...BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is an emerging liver disease and currently the most common cause of incidental abnormal liver tests.The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial and many mechanisms that cause fatty liver infiltration,inflammation,oxidative stress and progressive fibrosis have been proposed.Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)may be linked with the pathogenesis and the severity of NAFLD.AIM To study the association between NAFLD and OSA considering also the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)treatment.METHODS A Pub Med search was conducted using the terms"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease AND(obstructive sleep apnea OR obstructive sleep disorders OR sleep apnea)".Research was limited to title/abstract of articles published in English in the last 5 years;animal and child studies,case reports,commentaries,letters,editorials and meeting abstracts were not considered.Data were extracted on a standardized data collection table which included:First author,publication year,country,study design,number of patients involved,diagnosis and severity of OSA,diagnosis of NAFLD,patient characteristics,results of the study.RESULTSIn total,132 articles were initially retrieved on Pub Med search and 77 in the last five years.After removal of irrelevant studies,13 articles were included in the qualitative analysis.There was a total of 2753 participants across all the studies with a mean age between 42 and 58 years.The proportion of males ranged from21%to 87.9%and the mean body mass index ranged from 24.0 to 49.9 kg/m2.The results of this review showed an increased prevalence of NAFLD in patients with diagnosis of OSA,even in the absence of coexisting comorbidities such as obesity or metabolic syndrome.Furthermore,the severity of NAFLD is associated with the increase in OSA severity.Effective CPAP treatment,although not always decisive,may stabilize or slow NAFLD progression with benefits on metabolic and cardiovascular functions.CONCLUSION In NAFLD patients,although asymptomatic,it is recommended to systematically perform polysomnography in order to early and better treat them before the development of potentially life threatening systemic dysfunctions.展开更多
Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, which is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway, causes repeated arousals from sleep, decreased oxygen saturation ...Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, which is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway, causes repeated arousals from sleep, decreased oxygen saturation of the blood, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Patients with OSA are at increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease,展开更多
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)therapy on daytime sleepiness and cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods:From January to December 2024,60 patients with moderate to severe OSAHS were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group.The observation group received CPAP combined with routine intervention,while the control group only received routine intervention,with a course of 3 months for both groups.Results:After 3 months of intervention,the observation group showed significantly better improvements in the frequency and duration of daytime sleepiness as well as all dimensions of cognitive function compared with the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:CPAP therapy can effectively relieve daytime sleepiness in patients with moderate to severe OSAHS,and significantly improve memory,attention and logical thinking ability.The comprehensive intervention effect is superior to simple routine management.
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and coronary artery disease(CAD)frequently coexist,forming a bidirectional pathophysiological loop that amplifies cardiovascular risk.Intermittent hypoxemia in OSA patients promotes endothelial dysfunction,systemic inflammation,oxidative stress,and sympathetic activation,thereby accelerating atherogenesis,whereas myocardial ischemia and ventricular dysfunction in CAD patients can further destabilize upper-airway patency and exacerbate OSA.Continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)is the standard therapy for OSA and reliably restores sleep architecture;however,large randomized trials have reported inconsistent effects on major adverse cardiovascular events,particularly in patients with established CAD.This mini review synthesizes contemporary data on CPAP across diverse OSA–CAD clinical scenarios,delineates patient phenotypes most likely to achieve cardiovascular benefit and identifies contexts in which CPAP provides limited protection.On the basis of these findings,we propose pragmatic recommendations for patient selection,adherence monitoring and optimization of CPAP therapy and highlight key research priorities,including extended follow-up,adherence-enhancing strategies and multimodal interventions.Clarifying the circumstances under which CPAP is cardioprotective will enable more precise management of patients with OSA,with or without concomitant CAD.
文摘The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)versus continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)following intubation-surfactant-extubation(INSURE)treatment.A two-center randomized control trial was performed.The primary outcome was the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age after INSURE.Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and incidences of adverse events.Lung function at one year of corrected age was also compared between the two groups.There were 140 cases in the CPAP group and 144 in the BiPAP group.After INSURE,the reintubation rates of infants within 72 h of age were 15%and 11.1%in the CPAP group and the BiPAP group,respectively(P>0.05).Neonates in the BiPAP group was on positive airway pressure(PAP)therapy three days less than in the CPAP group(12.6 d and 15.3 d,respectively,P<0.05),and on oxygen six days less than in the CPAP group(20.6 d and 26.9 d,respectively,P<0.05).Other outcomes such as BPD,NEC,ROP and feeding intolerance were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no difference in lung function at one year of age between the two groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,after INSURE,the reintubation rate of infants within 72 h of age was comparable between the BiPAP group and the CPAP group.BiPAP was superior to CPAP in terms of shorter durations(days)on PAP support and oxygen supplementation.There were no differences in the incidences of BPD and ROP,and lung function at one year of age between the two ventilation methods.
文摘Aim： To assess the efficacy of sildenafil and continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） in the treatment of concurrent erectile dysfunction （ED） with obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, and to gauge the level of treatment satisfaction in patients and their partners. Methods： Forty men were treated for 12 weeks with sildenafil 100 mg （20 men） or CPAP during nighttime sleep （20 men）. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the rate of successful intercourse attempts, and satisfaction with treatment was assessed by patients＇ and partners＇ answers to question 1 of the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction. Results： Under sildenafil, 128 of 249 （51.4%） intercourse attempts were successful; under CPAP, 51 of 193 （26.9%） attempts were successful （^cp 〈 0.001）. Erectile function was improved in both groups. After sildenafil and CPAP treatment, the mean International Index for Erectile Function domain scores were 14.3 and 10.8, respectively （^bp = 0.025）, compared to 7.8 and 7 at baseline, respectively. CPAP and sildenafil were well tolerated. Sporadic episodes of nasal dryness under CPAP and transient headache and flushing under sildenafil were not significant. Fifty percent of patients treated with sildenafil and 25% with CPAP were satisfied with the treatment, and their partners were equally satisfied. The satisfaction scores for both patients and partners under sildenafil were superior to those under CPAP （^cP 〈 0.002）. Conclusion： Both sildenafil 100 mg and CPAP, used separately, had positive therapeutic impact but sildenafil was superior. Patients and their partners were more satisfied with sildenafil for the treatment of ED. However, because of the high proportion of dissatisfied men and partners, new therapeutic agents or a combination of the two methods must be studied further.
基金the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,No.JP16K09564.
文摘BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)has been suggested as an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)is the first-line therapy for OSA.AIM To clarify the efficacy of effective CPAP therapy on NAFLD of OSA patients by serum markers and transient elastography(TE)using FibroScan®(Echosens,Paris,France).METHODS We prospectively enrolled 123 consecutive patients with OSA who met the indications for CPAP.Liver fibrosis and steatosis were assessed using TE.Before and after 6 mo of CPAP therapy,serum markers and TE were assessed for all patients.The mean usage rate of CPAP therapy for 6 mo was arbitrarily calculated in each patient and expressed as“mean compliance index”(m-CI).RESULTS In 50 OSA patients with NAFLD,both aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels were significantly decreased after 6 mo of CPAP therapy.Univariate analysis showed that decreased body weight(BW),decreased body mass index(BMI),decreased AST level,decreased hemoglobin A1c,and high m-CI were significantly related with improved ALT level.In multivariate regression model adjusted for quantities of BW change during 6 mo of CPAP therapy,high m-CI tended to improve ALT level(P=0.051).All 17 OSA patients with NAFLD,high m-CI and no BMI changes showed significant improvements in AST and ALT levels.Meanwhile,no significant changes in TE data or serum fibrosis markers were seen.CONCLUSION Some NAFLD could be associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia due to OSA independent of BW changes.In those cases,adequate reoxygenation from effective CPAP therapy may improve NAFLD.
文摘BACKGROUND: To determine whether the prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) therapy is associated with a reduced rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with an acute respiratory disorder brought to the emergency department(ED).METHODS: We reviewed medical records of patients with acute respiratory distress who had been treated with CPAP in the Mobile Intensive Care Unit(MICU) from January 2010 to December 2011. These records were compared with those of patients who received standardized care without CPAP in the MICU from January 2004 to December 2004. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and compared between groups using Fisher's exact test or the Chi-square test. Continuous variables were summarized as medians(interquartile range), and comparison between the groups was made using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. The relationship between CPAP and intubation rate was determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis of propensity scores. The results were presented as odds ratio(OR), 95% confidence interval(CI), and P value for test effect. The adequacy of the model was calibrated using Hosmer and Lemeshow's goodness-of-fit test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The records of 785 patients were reviewed. Of the 215 patients treated with CPAP in the MICU, 13% were intubated after admission. In contrast, of the 570 patients who did not receive CPAP, 28% were intubated after ED admission. Unadjusted logistic regression analysis showed that patients who had been treated with CPAP were less likely to be intubated than those without CPAP treatment(OR=0.37, 95% CI, 0.24–0.57, P<0.0001). With propensity scores adjusted, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CPAP treatment was associated with a 62% reduction of intubation(OR=0.384, 95%CI, 0.25–0.60, P≤0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute respiratory disorder, there was a relationship between CPAP therapy and the decreased intubation rate. CPAP therapy was feasible in prehospital management of patients with respiratory distress.
文摘BACKGROUND Vascular injury during thoracoscopic surgery for esophageal cancer is a rare but life-threatening complication that can lead to severe hypotension and hypoxemia.Anesthesiologists need to provide rapid and effective treatment to save patients'lives.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male patient was scheduled to undergo a thoracoscopic-assisted radical resection of esophageal cancer through the upper abdomen and right chest.While dissociating the esophagus from the carina through the right chest,unexpected profuse bleeding occurred from a suspected pulmonary vascular hemorrhage.While the surgeon attempted to achieve hemostasis,the patient developed severe hypoxemia.The anesthesiologist implemented continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)using a bronchial blocker(BB),which effectively improved the patient’s oxygenation and the operation was completed success-fully.CONCLUSION CPAP using a BB can resolve severe hypoxemia caused by accidental injury of the left inferior pulmonary vein during surgery.
基金funded by grants from National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2505600)the Training Program for Outstanding Young Scholars in Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University(AZ2023-YQ-03).
文摘Background:Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is highly common in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and it is a strong predictor of subsequent cardiovascular events.However,whether treatment with continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)can decrease this risk remains controversial.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to identify randomized clinical trials reporting cardiovascular events from database inception to February 12,2022.Results:Four trials with 3043 participants were included.The median follow-up duration ranged from 3 to 4.75 years.Compared with usual care alone,CPAP was not associated with decreased MACCE risk(RR 0.96,95%CI 0.77–1.21,P=0.75),and the results were consistent regardless of CPAP adherence(≥4 hours/night vs.<4 hours/night,RR 0.48,95%CI 0.20–1.16).Similarly,no significant differences were observed between groups in the risks of all-cause death(RR 0.81,95%CI 0.52–1.26),cardiovascular death(RR 0.70,95%CI 0.36–1.33),myocardial infarction(RR 1.08,95%CI 0.73–1.60),revascularization(RR 1.03,95%CI 0.77–1.38),and cerebrovascular events(RR 0.77,95%CI 0.23–2.61).Conclusion:Existing evidence does not support an association between CPAP treatment and decreased risk of recur-rent cardiovascular events in patients with CAD and OSA,regardless of adherence to CPAP.
文摘Background: Previous studies of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have shown conflicting results on the effect on blood pressure (BP), and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been included in these studies. As OSA is a frequent comorbidity in patients with CKD, it is of relevance to evaluate the effect of CPAP treatment on BP in this population. Aim: In this prospective follow-up study, we measured the effect of short term CPAP treatment of moderate-to-severe OSA on brachial and central BP, plasma level of syndecan-1 and vasoactive hormones, renal handling of sodium, subjective sleepiness, and quality of life in patients with impaired renal function. Methods: From December 2015 until March 2017, 25 patients were invited to participate in the study at the University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Aarhus University and Holstebro Hospital. At baseline and at follow-up after three to four months of CPAP treatment, we performed 24 h brachial and central ambulatory BP measurement, blood sampling measurements of plasma concentrations of syndecan-1, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin, creatinine, haemoglobin A1c, and cholesterol, cardio respiratory monitoring, 24 h urine collection for measurement of urinary excretion of albumin, aquaporin-2, and epithelial sodium channel, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and SF-36 (quality of life). Results: At follow-up, the 17 included patients with mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate 66 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a significant decrease in systolic office-, 24 h- and daytime-BP (13, 7, and 8 mmHg, respectively, p Conclusion: Short-term CPAP treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and reduced renal function decreased 24 h- and daytime-BP significantly and reduced urinary albumin excretion. Our results underline the importance of treatment of OSA in hypertensive patients with impaired renal function.
文摘Erectile dysfunction （ED） is considered a condition with a broad range of etiologies. Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） syndrome is one of the lesser studied risk factors for ED. We intend to summarize the current evidence on the relationship between OSA and sexual impairment, focusing on the results in terms of erectile function of the different therapies offered to OSA patients. A systematic review was conducted, selecting articles related to the physiology of OSA and ED, and to the treatments of OSA syndrome and their reported outcomes in erectile and sexual function. Higher prevalences of ED in the OSA groups have been published. However, whether this effect on the erectile function occurs in the entire range of OSA severities remains unclear. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the physiology of this association. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as a treatment for OSA patients with ED has achieved a significative improvement in the sexual parameters in most of the studies. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors （iPDE5） on demand are useful as a treatment for ED in this subgroup of patients, with high satisfaction rates. The surgical treatment for the OSA evidenced benefits over the erectile function, and the effect on the sexual satisfaction of the therapy using Mandibular Advancement Devices is still undefined.
基金National Social Science Fund of China(No.2023-SKJJ-B-069).
文摘In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking of UAVs pseudolites for accurate navigation with only inertial navigation during GNSS denied area,which can provide accurate positioning services without prior information like anchor points.On this basis,this paper proposes a mathematical model of UAV pseudolite networking to describe the relationship of UAV flight altitude,network service coverage and anti-jamming capabilities.This model demonstrates excellent anti-interference ability,which can achieve a maximum power enhancement of up to 54.58 dB.And it can also offer another operating mode with a maximum coverage range of up to 2675.47 km^(2),while still ensuring a power enhancement of 37.57dB.This method can effectively solve the problem of providing continuous positioning services as an alternative GNSS,and is also a powerful support solution for resilient Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)^([1]).
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a prevalent and underdiagnosed sleep disorder strongly associated with obesity.Traditional therapies such as continuous positive airway pressure are effective but often limited by poor adherence.Recent evidence suggests that tirzepatide,a dual glucagon like receptor-1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist,may offer a pharmacologic approach to OSA management through its weight-reducing and metabolic effects.This narrative review was conducted using a structured search of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus databases for English-language articles published up to May 2024.Keywords included“tirzepatide”,“obstructive sleep apnea”,“OSA”,and“GLP-1 agonist”.Clinical trials,systematic reviews,and relevant observational studies focusing on tirzepatide’s role in OSA or obesity were included and thematically analyzed.Emerging evidence from the SURMOUNT-OSA and related trials indicates that tirzepatide leads to clinically significant reductions in body weight,apnea-hypopnea index,and systemic inflammation.The drug was found to be effective and also showed additional benefits in sleep quality and cardiovascular risk factors.Tirzepatide represents a promising pharmacologic advancement in the management of obesity-related OSA.By targeting both metabolic and structural contributors to OSA,it may serve as an adjunct or alternative to traditional therapies.Further research is warranted to evaluate long-term outcomes and to define its role in clinical practice guidelines.
文摘Background： For patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）, the night sleep interruption and intermittent hypoxia due to apnea or hypopnea may induce glycemic excursions and reduce insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） therapy in patients with OSAHS and T2DM. Methods： Continuous glucose monitoring system （CGMS） was used in 40 patients with T2DM and newly diagnosed OSAHS. The measurements were repeated after 30 days of CPAP treatment. Subsequently, insulin sensitivity and glycohemoglobin （HbAlc） were measured and compared to the pretreatment data. Results： After CPAP therapy, the CGMS indicators showed that the 24-h mean blood glucose （MBG） and the night time MBG were significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively）. The mean ambulatory glucose excursions （MAGEs） and the mean of daily differences were also significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05 and P = 0.002, respectively） compared to pretreatment levels. During the night, MAGE also significantly decreased （P = 0.049）. The differences between the highest and lowest levels of blood glucose over 24 h and during the night were significantly lower than prior to CPAP treatment （P 〈 0.05 and P = 0.024, respectively）. The 24 h and night time durations of high blood glucose （〉7.8 mmol/L and 〉 11.1 mmol/L） decreased （P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.05, respectively） after the treatment. In addition, HbA 1 c levels were also lower than those before treatment （P 〈 0.05）, and the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance was also significantly lower than before CPAP treatment （P = 0.034）. Conclusions： CPAP therapy may have a beneficial effect on improving not only blood glucose but also upon insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients with OSAHS. This suggests that CPAP may be an effective treatment for T2DM in addition to intensive diabetes management.
基金a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Background： Current views on continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） treatment to improve the cognitive deficits of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS） are controversial, so we performed a meta-analysis. Methods： A comprehensive literature search was undertaken in PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Psyclnfo, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBMdisc for studies published from June 1971 to July 2014. The outcome measures included neuropsychological tests of the 7 cognitive domains detailed below. Results： After screening the titles and abstracts and thoroughly reading the fuU text, we obtained 13 studies with little risk of bias that incorporated 1744 middle-aged obese participants with mild to severe OSAS. The studies were published from 1994 to 2012. Treatment durations varied from 1 to 24 weeks. The effect sizes of attention, vigilance, processing speed, working memory, memory, verbal fluency, and visuoconstructive skills domains were -0.10 （P = 0.24）, -0.12 （P = 0.04）, -0.08 （P = 0.16）, 0.00 （P = 0.95）, -0.04 （P = 0.30）, -0.06 （P = 0.34）, and -0.01 （P = 0.92）, respectively. Conclusions： Cognition partially improved in patients with OSAS after CPAP treatment. The only domain with significant improvement was vigilance. Rigorous randomized controlled trials need to be performed to obtain clear results.
文摘Background Recent research suggested that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome （OSAS） might be independently associated with hypoadiponectinemia, which was linked to some complications of OSAS, such as hypertension, diabetes etc. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） treatment on changes of both serum adiponectin levels and mean arterial pressure and their possible links in male OSAS patients. Methods Twenty-three adult male patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS but without obesity, coronary heart disease and diabetes were recruited. Their blood samples were collected and morning mean arterial pressure （MAP） was measured before CPAP treatment and on day 3, 7, 14 of CPAP treatment respectively. The serum adiponectin concentration was tested with radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with the serum adiponectin level before CPAP treatment, no significant change was found in OSAS patients on day 3 and day 7 of CPAP treatment （P〉0.05）. It was not until day 14 of CPAP treatment did a significant elevation in serum adiponectin level occur （P〈0.01）. Meanwhile, the MAP showed no statistically significant difference among its levels before CPAP, on day 3 and day 7 of CPAP treatment （P〉0.05）. However, on day 14 of CPAP treatment, a significantly lower MAP than that obtained before treatment was observed （P〈0.05）. Conclusions CPAP treatment can gradually reverse hypoadiponectinemia and reduce MAP in OSAS patients. Hypoadiponectinemia might be involved in the pathogenesis of OSAS-mediated hypertension.
文摘Objective To explore the changes in plasma angiotensin II （Ang Ⅱ） and circadian rhythm of blood pressure among hypertensive patients with sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） before and after continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） or surgical treatment. Methods A total of 180 essential hypertension patients were enrolled in our study. The determination of plasma Ang Ⅱ concentration, ambulatory blood pressure （ABP）, and polysomnography （PSG） monitoring were performed before and 3 months after CPAP or surgical treatment. Results Patients were classified into three groups by their apnea-hypopnea index （AHI）： essential hypertension group （EH group, n=72; AHI〈5）, essential hypertension with mild SAS group （EH＋mild SAS group, n=60, 5≤AHI〈20）, and essential hypertension with moderate and severe SAS group （EH＋moderate-severe SAS group, n=48, AHI_〉20）. The concentrations of plasma AngⅡ in the above three groups were 13.42±3.27, 16.17±3.82, and 18.73±4.05 ng/mL respectively before treatment, and AngⅡ concentration in EH patients combined with SAS was significantly higher than that in EH group （all P〈0.05）. After treatment the values in the latter two groups significantly decreased to 14.67±2.56 and 15.03±3.41 ng/mL respectively （P〈0.05）. The incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in EH patients was 31.9%, and those in hypertensive patients with mild SAS and moderate-severe SAS were 51.7% and 58.3%, respectively before treatment. The incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in the EH patients with mild SAS was significantly higher than that of patients with EH alone （P〈0.05）. After CPAP treatment or surgery, the incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in the two SAS groups was significantly decreased to 38.3% and 39.6%, respectively （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Ang Ⅱ might play a role in blood pressure variability in patients with obstructive SAS. CPAP or surgical treatment can improve blood pressure disorder and decrease plasma Ang Ⅱ level in patients with obstructive SAS.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is an emerging liver disease and currently the most common cause of incidental abnormal liver tests.The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial and many mechanisms that cause fatty liver infiltration,inflammation,oxidative stress and progressive fibrosis have been proposed.Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)may be linked with the pathogenesis and the severity of NAFLD.AIM To study the association between NAFLD and OSA considering also the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)treatment.METHODS A Pub Med search was conducted using the terms"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease AND(obstructive sleep apnea OR obstructive sleep disorders OR sleep apnea)".Research was limited to title/abstract of articles published in English in the last 5 years;animal and child studies,case reports,commentaries,letters,editorials and meeting abstracts were not considered.Data were extracted on a standardized data collection table which included:First author,publication year,country,study design,number of patients involved,diagnosis and severity of OSA,diagnosis of NAFLD,patient characteristics,results of the study.RESULTSIn total,132 articles were initially retrieved on Pub Med search and 77 in the last five years.After removal of irrelevant studies,13 articles were included in the qualitative analysis.There was a total of 2753 participants across all the studies with a mean age between 42 and 58 years.The proportion of males ranged from21%to 87.9%and the mean body mass index ranged from 24.0 to 49.9 kg/m2.The results of this review showed an increased prevalence of NAFLD in patients with diagnosis of OSA,even in the absence of coexisting comorbidities such as obesity or metabolic syndrome.Furthermore,the severity of NAFLD is associated with the increase in OSA severity.Effective CPAP treatment,although not always decisive,may stabilize or slow NAFLD progression with benefits on metabolic and cardiovascular functions.CONCLUSION In NAFLD patients,although asymptomatic,it is recommended to systematically perform polysomnography in order to early and better treat them before the development of potentially life threatening systemic dysfunctions.
基金This study was supported by-the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30800507 and No. 30770934）.
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, which is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway, causes repeated arousals from sleep, decreased oxygen saturation of the blood, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Patients with OSA are at increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease,
