Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure(HF).Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations lead...Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure(HF).Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations leading thus to poor quality of life and reduction in the ability of daily self-service.Impaired vascular function and diastolic dysfunction cause lower cardiac output while decreased skeletal muscle oxidative fibers,enzymes and capillarity cause arteriovenous oxygen difference,leading thus to decreased peak oxygen uptake in heart transplant recipients.Exercise training improves exercise capacity,cardiac and vascular endothelial function in heart transplant recipients.Pre-rehabilitation regular aerobic or combined exercise is beneficial for patients with end-stage HF awaiting heart transplantation in order to maintain a higher fitness level and reduce complications afterwards like intensive care unit acquired weakness or cardiac cachexia.All hospitalized patients after heart transplantation should be referred to early mobilization of skeletal muscles through kinesiotherapy of the upper and lower limbs and respiratory physiotherapy in order to prevent infections of the respiratory system prior to hospital discharge.Moreover,all heart transplant recipients after hospital discharge who have not already participated in an early cardiac rehabilitation program should be referred to a rehabilitation center by their health care provider.Although high intensity interval training seems to have more benefits than moderate intensity continuous training,especially in stable transplant patients,individualized training based on the abilities and needs of each patient still remains the most appropriate approach.Cardiac rehabilitation appears to be safe in heart transplant patients.However,long-term follow-up data is incomplete and,therefore,further high quality and adequately-powered studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of exercise training in this population.展开更多
Background:It remains unclear whether studies comparing _(max)imal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))response to sprint interval training(SIT)vs.moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)are associated with a high risk of bia...Background:It remains unclear whether studies comparing _(max)imal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))response to sprint interval training(SIT)vs.moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)are associated with a high risk of bias and poor reporting quality.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of reporting in studies comparing changes in VO_(2max) between SIT and MICT.Methods:We conducted a comprehensive literature search of 4 major databases:AMED,CINAHL,EMBASE,and MEDLINE.Studies were excluded if participants were not healthy adult humans or if training protocols were unsupervised,lasted less than 2 weeks,or utilized mixed exercise modalities.We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the CONSORT checklist for non-pharmacological trials to evaluate the risk of bias and reporting quality,respectively.Results:Twenty-eight studies with 30 comparisons(3 studies included 2 SIT groups)were included in our meta-analysis(n=360 SIT participants:body mass index(BMI)=25.9±3.7 kg/m^(2),baseline VO_(2max)=37.9±8.0 mL/kg/min;n=359 MICT participants:BMI=25.5±3.8 kg/m^(2),baseline VO_(2max)=38.3±8.0 mL/kg/min;all mean±SD).All studies had an unclear risk of bias and poor reporting quality.Conclusion:Although we observed a lack of superiority between SIT and MICT for improving VO_(2max)(weighted Hedge’s g=0.004,95%con-fidence interval(95%CI):-0.08 to 0.07),the overall unclear risk of bias calls the validity of this conclusion into question.Future studies using robust study designs are needed to interrogate the possibility that SIT and MICT result in similar changes in VO_(2max).展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of Super High-Intensity Continuous Training(SHCT)on elite team handball players.SHCT is a new approach of aerobic training that combines the adva...The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of Super High-Intensity Continuous Training(SHCT)on elite team handball players.SHCT is a new approach of aerobic training that combines the advantages of both continuous and interval training methods.The study included 14 professional handball players who are members of the first national handball league team.The participants were trained five times a week over eight weeks using the SHCT method.The train-ing intensity for each athlete was tailored to their individual oxygen consumption.Significant(P<0.001)improvements were obtained in all measured and evaluated indicators of aerobic abilities,including maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)),maximum relative oxygen uptake(VO_(2rel)),running speed at which maximum oxygen uptake occurs(VO_(2max)),when comparing the pre-,intermediate,and post-tests,as well as a huge positive effect(η^(2)_(G) reaching from 0.19 to 0.49 and η^(2)_(p) of 0.91).These effects from short cycles of aerobic training have not been previously obtained in studies involving elite and and recreational ath-letes,whether using continuous or interval training approaches.In addition to the above,SHCT showed several other positive features.As such,we recommend further research into SHCT and encourage its integration into athletic training practices.展开更多
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,and the incidence is increasing,highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this disease.Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicin...Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,and the incidence is increasing,highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this disease.Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer,associated with a lower risk of recur-rence and increased survival.Several avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth,proliferation,and increased apoptosis of cancer cells,including breast,prostate,colorectal,and lung cancer,when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro(i.e.,the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting,which simplifies the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell responses).The underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced cancer suppressive effects may be attributed to the alteration in circulating factors,such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines(i.e.,myokines)and hormones.However,exercise-induced tumor suppressive effects and detailed information about training interventions are not well investigated,constraining more precise application of exercise medicine within clinical oncology.To date,it remains unclear what role different training modes(i.e.,resistance and aerobic training)as well as volume and intensity have on exercise-condi-tioned serum and its effects on cancer cells.Nevertheless,the available evidence is that a single bout of aerobic training at moderate to vigorous intensity has cancer suppressive effects,while for chronic training interventions,exercise volume appears to be an influential candidate driving cancer inhibitory effects regardless of training mode.Insights for future research investigating training modes,volume and intensity are provided to further our understanding of the effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells.展开更多
Objectives:To determine whether providing a choice between high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and moderateintensity continuous training(MICT)within a 4-week diabetes prevention program may lead to greater perceived...Objectives:To determine whether providing a choice between high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and moderateintensity continuous training(MICT)within a 4-week diabetes prevention program may lead to greater perceived autonomy support,motivation regulation,free-living physical activity,and cardiorespiratory fitness 6 months postintervention when compared to imposed exercise.Methods:In a preliminary pragmatic randomized trial,77 individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes(Mage=61.5(±9.8)years;Nfemales=58)were randomized to one of three exercise conditions:HIIT,MICT,or the choice thereof(CHOICE).Perceived autonomy supportwas assessed post-intervention.Changes in motivation,physical activity,and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed 6 months post-intervention.Linear mixed models and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons on estimated marginal means were used to derive effect estimates after adjusting for stratified allocation factors.Results:Perceived autonomy support was not different among conditions[F(2,47)=0.068,p=0.934].No effects were detected for motivation regulation,physical activity,or cardiorespiratory fitness(ps>0.05).Participants in the CHOICE condition self-reported significantly more physical activity 6 months post-intervention compared to preintervention[t(31)=2.922,p=0.019].Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness were seen in CHOICE[t(65)=2.509,p=0.044]and MICT[t(65)=3.492,p=0.003].Conclusions:Providing choice between HIIT and MICT did not significantly affect individuals’perceived autonomy support or motivation regulation compared to imposed exercise.However,physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness improved over time for the CHOICE condition.Providing choice between HIIT and MICT may be a feasible exercise strategy among this population.展开更多
文摘Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure(HF).Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations leading thus to poor quality of life and reduction in the ability of daily self-service.Impaired vascular function and diastolic dysfunction cause lower cardiac output while decreased skeletal muscle oxidative fibers,enzymes and capillarity cause arteriovenous oxygen difference,leading thus to decreased peak oxygen uptake in heart transplant recipients.Exercise training improves exercise capacity,cardiac and vascular endothelial function in heart transplant recipients.Pre-rehabilitation regular aerobic or combined exercise is beneficial for patients with end-stage HF awaiting heart transplantation in order to maintain a higher fitness level and reduce complications afterwards like intensive care unit acquired weakness or cardiac cachexia.All hospitalized patients after heart transplantation should be referred to early mobilization of skeletal muscles through kinesiotherapy of the upper and lower limbs and respiratory physiotherapy in order to prevent infections of the respiratory system prior to hospital discharge.Moreover,all heart transplant recipients after hospital discharge who have not already participated in an early cardiac rehabilitation program should be referred to a rehabilitation center by their health care provider.Although high intensity interval training seems to have more benefits than moderate intensity continuous training,especially in stable transplant patients,individualized training based on the abilities and needs of each patient still remains the most appropriate approach.Cardiac rehabilitation appears to be safe in heart transplant patients.However,long-term follow-up data is incomplete and,therefore,further high quality and adequately-powered studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of exercise training in this population.
基金supported by an operating grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERCgrant number:402635) to BJG+2 种基金JTB was supported by a NSERC Vanier Canada Graduate ScholarshipHI was supported by NSERC PGS-DNP was supported by NSERC CGS-M。
文摘Background:It remains unclear whether studies comparing _(max)imal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))response to sprint interval training(SIT)vs.moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)are associated with a high risk of bias and poor reporting quality.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of reporting in studies comparing changes in VO_(2max) between SIT and MICT.Methods:We conducted a comprehensive literature search of 4 major databases:AMED,CINAHL,EMBASE,and MEDLINE.Studies were excluded if participants were not healthy adult humans or if training protocols were unsupervised,lasted less than 2 weeks,or utilized mixed exercise modalities.We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the CONSORT checklist for non-pharmacological trials to evaluate the risk of bias and reporting quality,respectively.Results:Twenty-eight studies with 30 comparisons(3 studies included 2 SIT groups)were included in our meta-analysis(n=360 SIT participants:body mass index(BMI)=25.9±3.7 kg/m^(2),baseline VO_(2max)=37.9±8.0 mL/kg/min;n=359 MICT participants:BMI=25.5±3.8 kg/m^(2),baseline VO_(2max)=38.3±8.0 mL/kg/min;all mean±SD).All studies had an unclear risk of bias and poor reporting quality.Conclusion:Although we observed a lack of superiority between SIT and MICT for improving VO_(2max)(weighted Hedge’s g=0.004,95%con-fidence interval(95%CI):-0.08 to 0.07),the overall unclear risk of bias calls the validity of this conclusion into question.Future studies using robust study designs are needed to interrogate the possibility that SIT and MICT result in similar changes in VO_(2max).
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of Super High-Intensity Continuous Training(SHCT)on elite team handball players.SHCT is a new approach of aerobic training that combines the advantages of both continuous and interval training methods.The study included 14 professional handball players who are members of the first national handball league team.The participants were trained five times a week over eight weeks using the SHCT method.The train-ing intensity for each athlete was tailored to their individual oxygen consumption.Significant(P<0.001)improvements were obtained in all measured and evaluated indicators of aerobic abilities,including maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)),maximum relative oxygen uptake(VO_(2rel)),running speed at which maximum oxygen uptake occurs(VO_(2max)),when comparing the pre-,intermediate,and post-tests,as well as a huge positive effect(η^(2)_(G) reaching from 0.19 to 0.49 and η^(2)_(p) of 0.91).These effects from short cycles of aerobic training have not been previously obtained in studies involving elite and and recreational ath-letes,whether using continuous or interval training approaches.In addition to the above,SHCT showed several other positive features.As such,we recommend further research into SHCT and encourage its integration into athletic training practices.
文摘Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,and the incidence is increasing,highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this disease.Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer,associated with a lower risk of recur-rence and increased survival.Several avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth,proliferation,and increased apoptosis of cancer cells,including breast,prostate,colorectal,and lung cancer,when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro(i.e.,the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting,which simplifies the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell responses).The underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced cancer suppressive effects may be attributed to the alteration in circulating factors,such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines(i.e.,myokines)and hormones.However,exercise-induced tumor suppressive effects and detailed information about training interventions are not well investigated,constraining more precise application of exercise medicine within clinical oncology.To date,it remains unclear what role different training modes(i.e.,resistance and aerobic training)as well as volume and intensity have on exercise-condi-tioned serum and its effects on cancer cells.Nevertheless,the available evidence is that a single bout of aerobic training at moderate to vigorous intensity has cancer suppressive effects,while for chronic training interventions,exercise volume appears to be an influential candidate driving cancer inhibitory effects regardless of training mode.Insights for future research investigating training modes,volume and intensity are provided to further our understanding of the effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells.
基金funded by a Grant-in-Aid program provided to the corresponding author by the Heart&Stroke Foundation of Canada(G-18-0022225).
文摘Objectives:To determine whether providing a choice between high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and moderateintensity continuous training(MICT)within a 4-week diabetes prevention program may lead to greater perceived autonomy support,motivation regulation,free-living physical activity,and cardiorespiratory fitness 6 months postintervention when compared to imposed exercise.Methods:In a preliminary pragmatic randomized trial,77 individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes(Mage=61.5(±9.8)years;Nfemales=58)were randomized to one of three exercise conditions:HIIT,MICT,or the choice thereof(CHOICE).Perceived autonomy supportwas assessed post-intervention.Changes in motivation,physical activity,and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed 6 months post-intervention.Linear mixed models and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons on estimated marginal means were used to derive effect estimates after adjusting for stratified allocation factors.Results:Perceived autonomy support was not different among conditions[F(2,47)=0.068,p=0.934].No effects were detected for motivation regulation,physical activity,or cardiorespiratory fitness(ps>0.05).Participants in the CHOICE condition self-reported significantly more physical activity 6 months post-intervention compared to preintervention[t(31)=2.922,p=0.019].Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness were seen in CHOICE[t(65)=2.509,p=0.044]and MICT[t(65)=3.492,p=0.003].Conclusions:Providing choice between HIIT and MICT did not significantly affect individuals’perceived autonomy support or motivation regulation compared to imposed exercise.However,physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness improved over time for the CHOICE condition.Providing choice between HIIT and MICT may be a feasible exercise strategy among this population.
