Content-based instruction has been gaining widespread popularity in the teaching of both ESL and EFL. Despite its reported and recognized advantages, however, many English teachers fail to make full use of its content...Content-based instruction has been gaining widespread popularity in the teaching of both ESL and EFL. Despite its reported and recognized advantages, however, many English teachers fail to make full use of its content and benefits of language learning. In addition, there are comparatively few studies which offer theoretical foundation for content-based teaching and constructive suggestions for its integration in the settings of EFL. This article aims to connect theory with practice and help teachers of EFL in China to maximize the potential of content-based instruction. To achieve this goal, it first presents a short literature review on project-based instruction, followed by a summary of its advantages and beneficial outcomes of using the intemet in order to implement it. It then proposes an eight-step process for the sequencing of project work and finally demonstrate a real-world project specially designed for Chinese EFL students. Both the design and the teaching activities proposed can be easily transferred to other settings..展开更多
This research aims to study the relationship between content-based instruction and secondary vocational English learners.Two classes in one secondary vocational school were chosen as participants.The result shows that...This research aims to study the relationship between content-based instruction and secondary vocational English learners.Two classes in one secondary vocational school were chosen as participants.The result shows that CBI teaching has a negative correlation with English learning anxiety and has an impact on alleviating students' anxiety.展开更多
This study focused on the effects of the Content-Based Instruction （CBI） for English majors in the Chinese context. A quasi-experiment was conducted in an English teaching institution with tests as data collection i...This study focused on the effects of the Content-Based Instruction （CBI） for English majors in the Chinese context. A quasi-experiment was conducted in an English teaching institution with tests as data collection instruments. The quantitative study indicates that CBI brings better outcome than Skill-Oriented Instruction （SOI） in developing language knowledge, language skills and disciplinary knowledge, achieving the general objectives of the national curriculum more effectively than the conventional SOL The findings throw a positive light on the reform of the national curriculum for English as a specialty and the education of English majors in China.展开更多
In L2 content-based classrooms,code-switching or translanguaging seem to be a common practice adopted by teachers.There has been growing research discussing the potentials of L1 in these classrooms.Most of the current...In L2 content-based classrooms,code-switching or translanguaging seem to be a common practice adopted by teachers.There has been growing research discussing the potentials of L1 in these classrooms.Most of the current studies have focused on the analysis of lesson interactions and yet the perception of the content teachers has remained underexplored.This case study investigated the introspective views of a group of content teachers at a secondary school using questionnaires and written accounts.Data analyses showed that these teachers were generally aware of the interpersonal and ideational functions achieved by the use of L1 and they also seemed to have a positive view towards their practices of using L1 in English-medium classrooms.Based on the findings,practical implications for content teachers in relation to making medium of instruction decisions and suggestions for further research are discussed.展开更多
This study aims to clarify the conceptual characteristics of artifact utilization in nursing practice instruction. Five selected articles were analyzed using the concept analysis method by Walker and Avant. The attrib...This study aims to clarify the conceptual characteristics of artifact utilization in nursing practice instruction. Five selected articles were analyzed using the concept analysis method by Walker and Avant. The attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept were extracted from the target literature. The analysis revealed two attributes (“connecting people to people” and “connecting people to objects”);two antecedents (“recognition of artifacts” and “selection of artifacts”);and two consequences (“designing a fulfilling learning environment” and “improving the quality of education”). The concept was defined as “promoting the utilization of artifacts by recognizing and selecting them, connecting people to people and people to objects, designing a fulfilling learning environment, and improving the quality of education”.展开更多
Find It What did the old woman give Lucy?Once upon a time,a poor girl named Lucy lived in a small village.She was kind and helped others when she could.But she and her mother were often very hungry because they were p...Find It What did the old woman give Lucy?Once upon a time,a poor girl named Lucy lived in a small village.She was kind and helped others when she could.But she and her mother were often very hungry because they were poor.展开更多
The long-term quality of life of dialysis patients is closely linked to their self-management abilities,such as fluid intake control,medication compliance,and fistula care.Traditional health education models for dialy...The long-term quality of life of dialysis patients is closely linked to their self-management abilities,such as fluid intake control,medication compliance,and fistula care.Traditional health education models for dialysis patient care,characterized by one-way instruction and a lack of interaction,often result in low patient compliance and inadequate knowledge acquisition.Peer instruction,as a patient-centered educational strategy,leverages the emotional resonance of“shared experiences”and the demonstrative effect of peers,and has been proven effective in improving self-management behaviors among chronic disease patients.This study focuses on the dialysis patient population,integrating clinical practice and technological innovation to deeply analyze the application pathways,effectiveness,and challenges of peer instruction.It aims to provide new ideas and methods for enhancing the quality of nursing education for dialysis patients,thereby improving their knowledge acquisition,self-care abilities,treatment compliance,and overall quality of life.展开更多
Language learning and cultural communication are inherently intertwined and mutually reinforcing.In the context of college English instruction,emphasizing“telling China’s stories well”aligns with the principles of ...Language learning and cultural communication are inherently intertwined and mutually reinforcing.In the context of college English instruction,emphasizing“telling China’s stories well”aligns with the principles of foreign language education and inevitably promotes cultural exchange and mutual understanding across different cultures through foreign language learning.Many researchers have explored ways of cultivating students’ability to communicate Chinese stories and spread Chinese culture in English.However,a few studies have been performed on exploring paths of incorporating regional culture into English language education.In particular,incorporating Qinghai’s indigenous cultural resources into college English teaching practice is rare.Therefore,a survey was conducted to ascertain the present situation concerning integrating Qinghai’s regional culture into college English teaching practice at Qinghai University.Based on the data from the survey,the present study discusses the results and implications obtained during the present teaching process and probes into practical strategies for the infiltration of Qinghai’s regional culture into college English teaching from the dimensions of curriculum,teaching materials,approaches,teachers’professional development,and teaching evaluation,intending to achieve the goals of language teaching and cultural education in the college English course.展开更多
This study explores differentiated instructional strategies in higher education,focusing on municipal universities in Beijing to address the needs of students requiring special academic and psychological support.Despi...This study explores differentiated instructional strategies in higher education,focusing on municipal universities in Beijing to address the needs of students requiring special academic and psychological support.Despite standardized cultivation frameworks in universities,significant variations persist among undergraduates in academic planning,cognitive traits,and psychological profiles.A minority of students face challenges due to cognitive misjudgments(e.g.,unrealistic self-assessment),goal fixation(e.g.,excessive focus on postgraduate exams or studying abroad),psychological barriers(e.g.,social withdrawal),or mental health crises,which hinder their academic integration and personal development.Universities must adopt flexible,compliance-oriented differentiated instruction within standardized frameworks to support at-risk students.Strategies should balance personalized interventions with institutional fairness,ensuring equitable opportunities for all students while safeguarding academic integrity.展开更多
Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed un...Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.展开更多
In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has been increasingly integrated into educational settings worldwide.This study aims to explore the effectiveness of AI classroom teaching for Chinese undergraduate students,...In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has been increasingly integrated into educational settings worldwide.This study aims to explore the effectiveness of AI classroom teaching for Chinese undergraduate students,focusing on its influence on learning outcomes and student engagement.The research uses a quantitative approach,utilizing surveys and academic performance data to evaluate two main objectives:(1)the impact of AI teaching methods on academic performance compared to traditional instruction;(2)the level of student engagement and satisfaction with AI-based learning tools.The study sample includes undergraduate students from multiple universities in China,allowing for a diverse representation of various disciplines.Data will be collected through standardized tests,questionnaires,and academic records,ensuring the reliability and validity of the results.The findings will provide insights into the potential advantages and challenges of AI integration in higher education and inform future strategies for adopting AI in Chinese classrooms.By exploring both the academic and practical aspects of AI-driven education,this research aims to contribute valuable knowledge to the growing field of AI in education,particularly in the context of Chinese higher education.The results are expected to have implications for educators,policymakers,and AI developers interested in enhancing the effectiveness of educational technologies.展开更多
Tennis,a popular sport in colleges and universities,is deeply loved by teachers and students.However,due to its high physical demands,technical difficulty,and other characteristics,it requires a high level of physical...Tennis,a popular sport in colleges and universities,is deeply loved by teachers and students.However,due to its high physical demands,technical difficulty,and other characteristics,it requires a high level of physical fitness.Compared to competitive tennis,although college tennis instruction may lack competitiveness and involve lower exercise intensity,it still necessitates regular physical training to enhance body coordination,balance,and agility.This can help students stay physically fit while avoiding injuries.This article explores the content of physical training in college tennis instruction,clarifies the important role of physical training,and summarizes a series of physical training pathways to provide reference support for physical training in college tennis instruction.展开更多
Modules enable students to engage with content at their own pace,fostering autonomy and deeper understanding.The modular approach ensures clarity in presenting objectives,instructions,and concepts,while having illustr...Modules enable students to engage with content at their own pace,fostering autonomy and deeper understanding.The modular approach ensures clarity in presenting objectives,instructions,and concepts,while having illustrations,activities,and assessments could enhance comprehension and retention.This paper was a developmental study on STS module for college students using the ADDIE Model(Analysis,Design,Development,Implementation,and Evaluation).Sampled 673 first-year students from Northwest Samar State University participated in the study,with 299 participating in a test try-out and 374 in the students’performance evaluation.Three expert evaluators with backgrounds in science,English,and psychology,each with over four years of experience,assessed the modules to ensure alignment with the study’s constructivist learning goals and instructional integrity.The findings revealed that both students and experts had rated the instructional module positively,indicating its effectiveness in facilitating learning and completing lessons.Key aspects such as the style of illustrations and written expressions,the usefulness of learning activities,and the guidance provided by illustrations and captions were especially well-received.The module was praised for its clear objectives,understandable instructions,and engaging tasks like trivia and puzzles.Expert evaluations highlighted relevance,simplicity,and balanced emphasis on topics in the module content.Furthermore,students in test group demonstrated significant improvement in performance,with post-test scores notably higher than pre-test scores,confirming the module’s effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes.Consequently,this paper provides an opportunity to integrate science learning with initiatives aimed at promoting environmental preservation and driving social change.展开更多
Visual entailment(VE)is a prototypical task in multimodal visual reasoning,where current methods frequently utilize large language models(LLMs)as the knowledge base to assist in answering questions.These methods heavi...Visual entailment(VE)is a prototypical task in multimodal visual reasoning,where current methods frequently utilize large language models(LLMs)as the knowledge base to assist in answering questions.These methods heavily rely on the textual modality,which inherently cannot capture the full extent of information contained within images.We propose a context-aware visual entailment(CAVE)model,which introduces a novel aggregation module designed to extract high-level semantic features from images.This module integrates lower-level semantic image features into high-level visual tokens,formatting them similarly to text tokens so that they can serve as inputs for LLMs.The CAVE model compensates for the loss of image information and integrates it more effectively with textual comprehension.Additionally,the CAVE model incorporates a new input format and training methodology,which is rooted in instruction tuning and in-context learning techniques.The objective of this research is to maximize the inherent logical reasoning capabilities of LLMs.Experimental results on the E-SNLIVE dataset show that the proposed CAVE model exhibits outstanding performance.展开更多
Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under...Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.展开更多
Transformer-based models have significantly advanced binary code similarity detection(BCSD)by leveraging their semantic encoding capabilities for efficient function matching across diverse compilation settings.Althoug...Transformer-based models have significantly advanced binary code similarity detection(BCSD)by leveraging their semantic encoding capabilities for efficient function matching across diverse compilation settings.Although adversarial examples can strategically undermine the accuracy of BCSD models and protect critical code,existing techniques predominantly depend on inserting artificial instructions,which incur high computational costs and offer limited diversity of perturbations.To address these limitations,we propose AIMA,a novel gradient-guided assembly instruction relocation method.Our method decouples the detection model into tokenization,embedding,and encoding layers to enable efficient gradient computation.Since token IDs of instructions are discrete and nondifferentiable,we compute gradients in the continuous embedding space to evaluate the influence of each token.The most critical tokens are identified by calculating the L2 norm of their embedding gradients.We then establish a mapping between instructions and their corresponding tokens to aggregate token-level importance into instructionlevel significance.To maximize adversarial impact,a sliding window algorithm selects the most influential contiguous segments for relocation,ensuring optimal perturbation with minimal length.This approach efficiently locates critical code regions without expensive search operations.The selected segments are relocated outside their original function boundaries via a jump mechanism,which preserves runtime control flow and functionality while introducing“deletion”effects in the static instruction sequence.Extensive experiments show that AIMA reduces similarity scores by up to 35.8%in state-of-the-art BCSD models.When incorporated into training data,it also enhances model robustness,achieving a 5.9%improvement in AUROC.展开更多
Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under...Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.展开更多
文摘Content-based instruction has been gaining widespread popularity in the teaching of both ESL and EFL. Despite its reported and recognized advantages, however, many English teachers fail to make full use of its content and benefits of language learning. In addition, there are comparatively few studies which offer theoretical foundation for content-based teaching and constructive suggestions for its integration in the settings of EFL. This article aims to connect theory with practice and help teachers of EFL in China to maximize the potential of content-based instruction. To achieve this goal, it first presents a short literature review on project-based instruction, followed by a summary of its advantages and beneficial outcomes of using the intemet in order to implement it. It then proposes an eight-step process for the sequencing of project work and finally demonstrate a real-world project specially designed for Chinese EFL students. Both the design and the teaching activities proposed can be easily transferred to other settings..
文摘This research aims to study the relationship between content-based instruction and secondary vocational English learners.Two classes in one secondary vocational school were chosen as participants.The result shows that CBI teaching has a negative correlation with English learning anxiety and has an impact on alleviating students' anxiety.
基金supported by a national project funded by the National Planning Office on Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences in 2007
文摘This study focused on the effects of the Content-Based Instruction （CBI） for English majors in the Chinese context. A quasi-experiment was conducted in an English teaching institution with tests as data collection instruments. The quantitative study indicates that CBI brings better outcome than Skill-Oriented Instruction （SOI） in developing language knowledge, language skills and disciplinary knowledge, achieving the general objectives of the national curriculum more effectively than the conventional SOL The findings throw a positive light on the reform of the national curriculum for English as a specialty and the education of English majors in China.
文摘In L2 content-based classrooms,code-switching or translanguaging seem to be a common practice adopted by teachers.There has been growing research discussing the potentials of L1 in these classrooms.Most of the current studies have focused on the analysis of lesson interactions and yet the perception of the content teachers has remained underexplored.This case study investigated the introspective views of a group of content teachers at a secondary school using questionnaires and written accounts.Data analyses showed that these teachers were generally aware of the interpersonal and ideational functions achieved by the use of L1 and they also seemed to have a positive view towards their practices of using L1 in English-medium classrooms.Based on the findings,practical implications for content teachers in relation to making medium of instruction decisions and suggestions for further research are discussed.
文摘This study aims to clarify the conceptual characteristics of artifact utilization in nursing practice instruction. Five selected articles were analyzed using the concept analysis method by Walker and Avant. The attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept were extracted from the target literature. The analysis revealed two attributes (“connecting people to people” and “connecting people to objects”);two antecedents (“recognition of artifacts” and “selection of artifacts”);and two consequences (“designing a fulfilling learning environment” and “improving the quality of education”). The concept was defined as “promoting the utilization of artifacts by recognizing and selecting them, connecting people to people and people to objects, designing a fulfilling learning environment, and improving the quality of education”.
文摘Find It What did the old woman give Lucy?Once upon a time,a poor girl named Lucy lived in a small village.She was kind and helped others when she could.But she and her mother were often very hungry because they were poor.
文摘The long-term quality of life of dialysis patients is closely linked to their self-management abilities,such as fluid intake control,medication compliance,and fistula care.Traditional health education models for dialysis patient care,characterized by one-way instruction and a lack of interaction,often result in low patient compliance and inadequate knowledge acquisition.Peer instruction,as a patient-centered educational strategy,leverages the emotional resonance of“shared experiences”and the demonstrative effect of peers,and has been proven effective in improving self-management behaviors among chronic disease patients.This study focuses on the dialysis patient population,integrating clinical practice and technological innovation to deeply analyze the application pathways,effectiveness,and challenges of peer instruction.It aims to provide new ideas and methods for enhancing the quality of nursing education for dialysis patients,thereby improving their knowledge acquisition,self-care abilities,treatment compliance,and overall quality of life.
基金The 2024 Qinghai University Ideological-Political Education Project“Research on the Paths and Methods of Telling Qinghai’s Stories Well in the College English Teaching”(szzx2410)。
文摘Language learning and cultural communication are inherently intertwined and mutually reinforcing.In the context of college English instruction,emphasizing“telling China’s stories well”aligns with the principles of foreign language education and inevitably promotes cultural exchange and mutual understanding across different cultures through foreign language learning.Many researchers have explored ways of cultivating students’ability to communicate Chinese stories and spread Chinese culture in English.However,a few studies have been performed on exploring paths of incorporating regional culture into English language education.In particular,incorporating Qinghai’s indigenous cultural resources into college English teaching practice is rare.Therefore,a survey was conducted to ascertain the present situation concerning integrating Qinghai’s regional culture into college English teaching practice at Qinghai University.Based on the data from the survey,the present study discusses the results and implications obtained during the present teaching process and probes into practical strategies for the infiltration of Qinghai’s regional culture into college English teaching from the dimensions of curriculum,teaching materials,approaches,teachers’professional development,and teaching evaluation,intending to achieve the goals of language teaching and cultural education in the college English course.
文摘This study explores differentiated instructional strategies in higher education,focusing on municipal universities in Beijing to address the needs of students requiring special academic and psychological support.Despite standardized cultivation frameworks in universities,significant variations persist among undergraduates in academic planning,cognitive traits,and psychological profiles.A minority of students face challenges due to cognitive misjudgments(e.g.,unrealistic self-assessment),goal fixation(e.g.,excessive focus on postgraduate exams or studying abroad),psychological barriers(e.g.,social withdrawal),or mental health crises,which hinder their academic integration and personal development.Universities must adopt flexible,compliance-oriented differentiated instruction within standardized frameworks to support at-risk students.Strategies should balance personalized interventions with institutional fairness,ensuring equitable opportunities for all students while safeguarding academic integrity.
文摘Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal's official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.
文摘In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)has been increasingly integrated into educational settings worldwide.This study aims to explore the effectiveness of AI classroom teaching for Chinese undergraduate students,focusing on its influence on learning outcomes and student engagement.The research uses a quantitative approach,utilizing surveys and academic performance data to evaluate two main objectives:(1)the impact of AI teaching methods on academic performance compared to traditional instruction;(2)the level of student engagement and satisfaction with AI-based learning tools.The study sample includes undergraduate students from multiple universities in China,allowing for a diverse representation of various disciplines.Data will be collected through standardized tests,questionnaires,and academic records,ensuring the reliability and validity of the results.The findings will provide insights into the potential advantages and challenges of AI integration in higher education and inform future strategies for adopting AI in Chinese classrooms.By exploring both the academic and practical aspects of AI-driven education,this research aims to contribute valuable knowledge to the growing field of AI in education,particularly in the context of Chinese higher education.The results are expected to have implications for educators,policymakers,and AI developers interested in enhancing the effectiveness of educational technologies.
文摘Tennis,a popular sport in colleges and universities,is deeply loved by teachers and students.However,due to its high physical demands,technical difficulty,and other characteristics,it requires a high level of physical fitness.Compared to competitive tennis,although college tennis instruction may lack competitiveness and involve lower exercise intensity,it still necessitates regular physical training to enhance body coordination,balance,and agility.This can help students stay physically fit while avoiding injuries.This article explores the content of physical training in college tennis instruction,clarifies the important role of physical training,and summarizes a series of physical training pathways to provide reference support for physical training in college tennis instruction.
文摘Modules enable students to engage with content at their own pace,fostering autonomy and deeper understanding.The modular approach ensures clarity in presenting objectives,instructions,and concepts,while having illustrations,activities,and assessments could enhance comprehension and retention.This paper was a developmental study on STS module for college students using the ADDIE Model(Analysis,Design,Development,Implementation,and Evaluation).Sampled 673 first-year students from Northwest Samar State University participated in the study,with 299 participating in a test try-out and 374 in the students’performance evaluation.Three expert evaluators with backgrounds in science,English,and psychology,each with over four years of experience,assessed the modules to ensure alignment with the study’s constructivist learning goals and instructional integrity.The findings revealed that both students and experts had rated the instructional module positively,indicating its effectiveness in facilitating learning and completing lessons.Key aspects such as the style of illustrations and written expressions,the usefulness of learning activities,and the guidance provided by illustrations and captions were especially well-received.The module was praised for its clear objectives,understandable instructions,and engaging tasks like trivia and puzzles.Expert evaluations highlighted relevance,simplicity,and balanced emphasis on topics in the module content.Furthermore,students in test group demonstrated significant improvement in performance,with post-test scores notably higher than pre-test scores,confirming the module’s effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes.Consequently,this paper provides an opportunity to integrate science learning with initiatives aimed at promoting environmental preservation and driving social change.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232021A-10)Shanghai Pujiang Program,China(No.22PJ1423400)。
文摘Visual entailment(VE)is a prototypical task in multimodal visual reasoning,where current methods frequently utilize large language models(LLMs)as the knowledge base to assist in answering questions.These methods heavily rely on the textual modality,which inherently cannot capture the full extent of information contained within images.We propose a context-aware visual entailment(CAVE)model,which introduces a novel aggregation module designed to extract high-level semantic features from images.This module integrates lower-level semantic image features into high-level visual tokens,formatting them similarly to text tokens so that they can serve as inputs for LLMs.The CAVE model compensates for the loss of image information and integrates it more effectively with textual comprehension.Additionally,the CAVE model incorporates a new input format and training methodology,which is rooted in instruction tuning and in-context learning techniques.The objective of this research is to maximize the inherent logical reasoning capabilities of LLMs.Experimental results on the E-SNLIVE dataset show that the proposed CAVE model exhibits outstanding performance.
文摘Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.
基金supported by Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security,Ministry of Education,China。
文摘Transformer-based models have significantly advanced binary code similarity detection(BCSD)by leveraging their semantic encoding capabilities for efficient function matching across diverse compilation settings.Although adversarial examples can strategically undermine the accuracy of BCSD models and protect critical code,existing techniques predominantly depend on inserting artificial instructions,which incur high computational costs and offer limited diversity of perturbations.To address these limitations,we propose AIMA,a novel gradient-guided assembly instruction relocation method.Our method decouples the detection model into tokenization,embedding,and encoding layers to enable efficient gradient computation.Since token IDs of instructions are discrete and nondifferentiable,we compute gradients in the continuous embedding space to evaluate the influence of each token.The most critical tokens are identified by calculating the L2 norm of their embedding gradients.We then establish a mapping between instructions and their corresponding tokens to aggregate token-level importance into instructionlevel significance.To maximize adversarial impact,a sliding window algorithm selects the most influential contiguous segments for relocation,ensuring optimal perturbation with minimal length.This approach efficiently locates critical code regions without expensive search operations.The selected segments are relocated outside their original function boundaries via a jump mechanism,which preserves runtime control flow and functionality while introducing“deletion”effects in the static instruction sequence.Extensive experiments show that AIMA reduces similarity scores by up to 35.8%in state-of-the-art BCSD models.When incorporated into training data,it also enhances model robustness,achieving a 5.9%improvement in AUROC.
文摘Submission Before submitting the manuscript,authors should carefully read the“Instructions for Authors”“Submission Walkthrough”available at the journal’s official website http://www.keaipublishing.com/dcmed under the“Submission”menu.The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter from the author who will be responsible for correspondence.Peer-review and refereeing are made online and anonymously.
