Earthquakes are highly destructive spatio-temporal phenomena whose analysis is essential for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.Modern seismological research produces vast volumes of heterogeneous data from sei...Earthquakes are highly destructive spatio-temporal phenomena whose analysis is essential for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.Modern seismological research produces vast volumes of heterogeneous data from seismic networks,satellite observations,and geospatial repositories,creating the need for scalable infrastructures capable of integrating and analyzing such data to support intelligent decision-making.Data warehousing technologies provide a robust foundation for this purpose;however,existing earthquake-oriented data warehouses remain limited,often relying on simplified schemas,domain-specific analytics,or cataloguing efforts.This paper presents the design and implementation of a spatio-temporal data warehouse for seismic activity.The framework integrates spatial and temporal dimensions in a unified schema and introduces a novel array-based approach for managing many-to-many relationships between facts and dimensions without intermediate bridge tables.A comparative evaluation against a conventional bridge-table schema demonstrates that the array-based design improves fact-centric query performance,while the bridge-table schema remains advantageous for dimension-centric queries.To reconcile these trade-offs,a hybrid schema is proposed that retains both representations,ensuring balanced efficiency across heterogeneous workloads.The proposed framework demonstrates how spatio-temporal data warehousing can address schema complexity,improve query performance,and support multidimensional visualization.In doing so,it provides a foundation for integrating seismic analysis into broader big data-driven intelligent decision systems for disaster resilience,risk mitigation,and emergency management.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium(Se)content and exogenous Se supplementation on crop Se levels and provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched agricult...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium(Se)content and exogenous Se supplementation on crop Se levels and provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched agricultural products.[Methods]Thirty three representative townships in Xiayi County,Ningling County,and Yongcheng City were selected.Soil Se content and its impact on wheat Se level were measured.The effects of exogenous Se supplementation on the Se content of crops including soybean,wheat,peanut,corn,sweet potato,grape,crisp pear and apple were also investigated.[Results]Showed that the soil Se content in 18 townships of Xiayi County ranged from 0.08 to 0.34 mg/kg,and Se-adequate areas,Se-deficient areas and severely Se-deficient areas accounted for 27.78%,66.67%,and 0.055%of the total,respectively.In Ningling County,the soil Se content in 11 townships ranged from 0.13 to 0.23 mg/kg,and among them,Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas comprised 18.18%and 81.82%,respectively.In Yongcheng City,the soil Se content in 4 townships ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mg/kg,and Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas constituted 75.00%and 25.00%,respectively.The soil Se content in 33 townships across Xiayi County,Ningling County,and Yongcheng City ranged from 0.07 to 0.34 mg/kg.However,the Se levels in wheat from all 33 townships fail to meet the standard for Se-enriched agricultural products.It indicates that relying solely on soil Se supply is insufficient for crops to achieve the Se level required for Se-enriched agricultural products.Exogenous Se supplementation could effectively increase the Se content in soybean,wheat,peanut,corn,sweet potato,grape,crisp pear,and apple.Among these,soybean,wheat and peanut showed the highest Se levels after supplementation,all exceeding 0.10 mg/kg and meeting the industry standard for Se-enriched agricultural products.[Conclusions]The results of this study indicates that exogenous Se supplementation can serve as a key measure for producing Se-enriched agricultural products.展开更多
This work contributes to the theoretical foundation for pricing in data markets and offers practical insights for managing digital data exchanges in the era of big data.We propose a structured pricing model for data e...This work contributes to the theoretical foundation for pricing in data markets and offers practical insights for managing digital data exchanges in the era of big data.We propose a structured pricing model for data exchanges transitioning from quasi-public to marketoriented operations.To address the complex dynamics among data exchanges,suppliers,and consumers,the authors develop a threestage Stackelberg game framework.In this model,the data exchange acts as a leader setting transaction commission rates,suppliers are intermediate leaders determining unit prices,and consumers are followers making purchasing decisions.Two pricing strategies are examined:the Independent Pricing Approach(IPA)and the novel Perfectly Competitive Pricing Approach(PCPA),which accounts for competition among data providers.Using backward induction,the study derives subgame-perfect equilibria and proves the existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibria under both approaches.Extensive numerical simulations are carried out in the model,demonstrating that PCPA enhances data demander utility,encourages supplier competition,increases transaction volume,and improves the overall profitability and sustainability of data exchanges.Social welfare analysis further confirms PCPA’s superiority in promoting efficient and fair data markets.展开更多
The significance of purine base content as an important nutrition indicator in foods arises from its potential to trigger hyperuricemia or gout via high-purine diet.Livestock meats,including pork,generally contain mod...The significance of purine base content as an important nutrition indicator in foods arises from its potential to trigger hyperuricemia or gout via high-purine diet.Livestock meats,including pork,generally contain moderate to high total purine content(TP).Recent research revealed substantial variations within and across pig breeds,implying genetic factors influencing this trait.Thus,this study aimed to unravel the genetic underpinnings governing purine base content in pork.The heritability estimates(h~2)for the four purine traits ranged from 0.14 to 0.35.A total of 14,36,19 and 25 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were identified for guanine,adenine,hypoxanthine,and TP,respectively.Our comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis and gene network analysis revealed 15 promising candidate genes intricately interwoven within diverse purine metabolism pathways,such as purine ribonucleotide metabolic process,purine nucleotide metabolism and transport,and purine salvage pathways,all contributing to TP.Strikingly,most genetic variants significantly associated with TP displayed analogous effects on multiple purine bases.Two distinct and highly significant QTLs(P<10^(–12))emerged on Sus scrofa chromosome(SSC)12:one impacting guanine content and the other concurrently influencing adenine and hypoxanthine levels.The peak of the guanine QTL on SSC12 resided 1.1 kb downstream of the transmembrane protein 238 like(TMEM238L)gene and is encapsulated within a genomic segment characterized by the histone modification H3K27me3.Focused fine-mapping for the SSC12 QTL associated with adenine and hypoxanthine levels narrowed its scope to around 172 kb,encompassing the growth arrest specific 7(GAS7)and myosin heavy chain 13(MYH13)genes.However,the observed QTL effect was not attributed to any missense mutations within the two genes.This pioneering study unveils the genetic variations and candidate genes associated with purine content in livestock,laying a robust foundation for the selective breeding of pig lines with reduced purine base content.展开更多
Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is ...Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.展开更多
Iron is an essential mineral element that plays important roles in plant growth,development,and human health.Peanut is a valuable source of iron for human nutrition.Improving iron content in peanut seeds can enhance b...Iron is an essential mineral element that plays important roles in plant growth,development,and human health.Peanut is a valuable source of iron for human nutrition.Improving iron content in peanut seeds can enhance both yield potential and nutritional value.In this study,the seed iron content of the 401 peanut germplasm accessions was estimated and substantial variation among these accessions was observed,ranging from 9.02 to 50.60 mg/kg.The seed iron content of valencia type accessions was significantly higher than that of Peruvian,Virginia,and Irregular types.Landraces showed the highest average iron content,followed by advanced cultivars,breeding lines and interspecific hybrid cultivars.Accessions with red seed coat exhibited significantly higher iron content compared with those with pink seed coat.Correlation analysis revealed that the seed iron content significantly negatively correlated with hundred seed weight(HSW),resveratrol and oleic acid.Eight accessions with high iron content were identified with an average iron content of 32.46 mg/kg,including two elite genotypes that Zh.h4280 showed high resveratrol levels(1057.34μg/kg)and Zh.h1976 exhibited large seeds(HSW over 90g).Association analysis identified four markers,one of which,AHGS2053 stably explained with 5.75%–5.84%phenotypic variation.Accessions containing the favorable allele AHGS2053-250bp exhibited significantly higher iron content compared to those with alternative alleles.The results provide valuable germplasm resources and associated markers for breeding programs targeting high iron content in peanuts.展开更多
Ovarian cancer(OC)is one of the leading causes of death related to gynecological cancer,with the main difficulty of its early diagnosis and a heterogeneous nature of tumor biomarkers.Machine learning(ML)has the potent...Ovarian cancer(OC)is one of the leading causes of death related to gynecological cancer,with the main difficulty of its early diagnosis and a heterogeneous nature of tumor biomarkers.Machine learning(ML)has the potential to process complex datasets and support decision-making in OC diagnosis.Nevertheless,traditional ML models tend to be biased,overfitting,noisy,and less generalized.Moreover,their black-box nature reduces interpretability and limits their practical clinical applicability.In this study,we introduce an explainable ensemble learning(EL)model,TreeX-Stack,based on a stacking architecture that employs tree-based learners such as Decision Tree(DT),Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting(GB),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)as base learners,and Logistic Regression(LR)as the meta-learner to enhance ovarian cancer(OC)diagnosis.Local Interpretable ModelAgnostic Explanations(LIME)are used to explain individual predictions,making the model outputs more clinically interpretable and applicable.The model is trained on the dataset that includes demographic information,blood test,general chemistry,and tumor markers.Extensive preprocessing includes handling missing data using iterative imputation with Bayesian Ridge and addressing multicollinearity by removing features with correlation coefficients above 0.7.Relevant features are then selected using the Boruta feature selection method.To obtain robust and unbiased performance estimates during hyperparameter tuning,nested cross-validation(CV)with grid search is employed,and all experiments are repeated five times to ensure statistical reliability.TreeX-Stack demonstrates excellent diagnostic performance,achieving an accuracy of 0.9027,a precision of 0.8673,a recall of 0.9391,and an F1-score of 0.9012.Feature-importance analyses using LIME and permutation importance highlight Human Epididymis Protein 4(HE4)as the most significant biomarker for OC.The combination of high predictive performance and interpretability makes TreeX-Stack a reliable tool for clinical decision support in OC diagnosis.展开更多
Accurately assessing the relationship between tree growth and climatic factors is of great importance in dendrochronology.This study evaluated the consistency between alternative climate datasets(including station and...Accurately assessing the relationship between tree growth and climatic factors is of great importance in dendrochronology.This study evaluated the consistency between alternative climate datasets(including station and gridded data)and actual climate data(fixed-point observations near the sampling sites),in northeastern China’s warm temperate zone and analyzed differences in their correlations with tree-ring width index.The results were:(1)Gridded temperature data,as well as precipitation and relative humidity data from the Huailai meteorological station,was more consistent with the actual climate data;in contrast,gridded soil moisture content data showed significant discrepancies.(2)Horizontal distance had a greater impact on the representativeness of actual climate conditions than vertical elevation differences.(3)Differences in consistency between alternative and actual climate data also affected their correlations with tree-ring width indices.In some growing season months,correlation coefficients,both in magnitude and sign,differed significantly from those based on actual data.The selection of different alternative climate datasets can lead to biased results in assessing forest responses to climate change,which is detrimental to the management of forest ecosystems in harsh environments.Therefore,the scientific and rational selection of alternative climate data is essential for dendroecological and climatological research.展开更多
Sichuan sausages with moisture contents of 40%,45%,50%,and 60% were stored at-18℃for durations of 0,2,4,6,and 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of moisture content on the quality attributes of Sichuan sausages during fr...Sichuan sausages with moisture contents of 40%,45%,50%,and 60% were stored at-18℃for durations of 0,2,4,6,and 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of moisture content on the quality attributes of Sichuan sausages during frozen storage.Product indicators including pH,colour,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N),texture,electronic nose(E-nose)response,and water-holding capacity(thawing and cooking losses)were determined.The results indicated that as storage time increased,water retention in Sichuan sausages with different moisture contents decreased,while the degree of protein and lipid oxidation increased.This led to an increase in pH value,a colour shift from red-bright to grey-brown,and a deterioration in palatability.Among the samples,sausages with 50% moisture content exhibited the lowest thawing and cooking losses,indicating superior water-holding capacity.After 8 weeks of storage,TBARS and TVB-N values for the 50% moisture group were 19.5%and 2.5%lower,respectively,than those of the 40%and 45%moisture groups,indicating a reduced degree of oxidation.Furthermore,Sichuan sausage with 50%moisture content demonstrated an appropriate pH and colour difference,along with excellent texture and flavour,as evidenced by its higher toughness and satisfactory hardness.In conclusion,Sichuan sausage with 50% moisture content demonstrated the highest overall quality under frozen storage conditions.展开更多
To address the severe challenges of PM_(2.5) and ozone co-control during the"14^(th) Five-Year Plan"period and to enhance the precision and intelligence level of air environment governance,it is imperative t...To address the severe challenges of PM_(2.5) and ozone co-control during the"14^(th) Five-Year Plan"period and to enhance the precision and intelligence level of air environment governance,it is imperative to build an efficient comprehensive management platform for regional air quality.In this paper,the specific practice in Zibo City,Shandong Province is as an example to systematically analyze the top-level design,technical implementation,and innovative application of a comprehensive management platform for regional air quality integrating"perception monitoring,data fusion,research judgment of early warnings,analysis of sources,collaborative dispatching,and evaluation assessment".Through the construction of an"sky-air-ground"integrated three-dimensional monitoring network,the platform integrates multi-source heterogeneous environmental data,and employs big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence,CALPUFF/CMAQ,and other numerical model technologies to achieve comprehensive perception,precise prediction,intelligent source tracing,and closed-loop management of air pollution.The platform innovatively establishes a full-process closed-loop management mechanism of"data-early warning-disposition-evaluation",and achieves a fundamental transformation from passive response to active anticipation and from experience-based judgment to data driving in environmental supervision.The application results show that this platform significantly improves the scientific decision-making ability and collaborative execution efficiency of air pollution governance in Zibo City,providing a replicable and scalable comprehensive solution for similar industrial cities to achieve the continuous improvement of air quality.展开更多
This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides...This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides an in-depth analysis and summary of the effects of biological factors,environmental conditions,agronomic practices,processing methods,and continuous cropping obstacles on the synthesis of P.heterophylla saponins,as well as their underlying mechanisms.Based on identified gaps in the current literature,future research directions and prospects are proposed.The findings of this review offer valuable insights for advancing the understanding of the saponin biosynthesis mechanisms in P.heterophylla and for enhancing its quality.展开更多
tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs),as a class of regulatory small noncoding RNA,have been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases.Large amounts of tsRNA–disease associations have been identified in recent years f...tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs),as a class of regulatory small noncoding RNA,have been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases.Large amounts of tsRNA–disease associations have been identified in recent years from accumulating studies.However,repositories for cataloging the detailed information on tsRNA–disease associations are scarce.In this study,we provide a tsRNADisease database by integrating experimentally and computationally supported tsRNA–disease associations from manual curation of literatures and other related resources.tsRNADisease contains 5571 manually curated associations between 4759 tsRNAs and 166 diseases with experimental evidence from 346 studies.In addition,it also contains 5013 predicted associations between 1297 tsRNAs and 111 diseases.tsRNADisease provides a user-friendly interface to browse,retrieve,and download data conveniently.This database can improve our understanding of tsRNA deregulation in diseases and serve as a valuable resource for investigating the mechanism of disease-related tsRNAs.tsRNADisease is freely available at http://www.compgenelab.info/tsRNADisease.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION Earth science is a natural science concerned with the composition,dynamics,spatiotemporal evolution,and formation mechanisms of Earth materials(Chen and Yang,2023).Traditional Earth science research has...0 INTRODUCTION Earth science is a natural science concerned with the composition,dynamics,spatiotemporal evolution,and formation mechanisms of Earth materials(Chen and Yang,2023).Traditional Earth science research has largely been discipline-based,relying on field investigations,data collection,experimental analyses,and data interpretation to study individual components of the Earth system.展开更多
Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study invest...Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study investigates their coupled effects using inclinedflume experiments and Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations,covering three gravel sizes(2-5 mm,5-7 mm,7-10 mm)and four ice-content levels(0%,20%,40%,60%).Run-out distance,velocity,energy components,flow regime(Savage number),and segregation indexαwere quantified.Increasing ice content significantly enhances mobility,but with diminishing marginal effectiveness.From 0%to 40%ice content,run-out distance increases by 41%-86%,whereas the additional increase from 40%to 60%contributes only 12%-23%.Particle-size ratio strongly governs segregation intensity.Fine-gravel groups reach segregation indices ofα=0.92-0.98,indicating nearly complete upward migration of ice,whereas medium-gravel and coarse-gravel groups exhibit much weaker segregation,stabilizing atα=0.68-0.74 and 0.60-0.69.Savage number analyses reveal marked flow-regime transitions.At 0%ice content,Savage numbers reach 1.0-1.5,indicating a collisional regime.Increasing ice content suppresses collisionality,with Savage numbers decreasing to 0.03-0.07 at 60%ice content,consistent with dense-regime flow.DEM energy analyses confirm this regime shift:for finegravel mixtures,collision energy decreases by 14%,while sliding-friction energy increases by 33%as ice content increases from 0%to 60%,reflecting enhanced overburden effects imposed by upward-segregated ice layers.Medium and coarse mixtures exhibit weaker or opposite energy-shift patterns,demonstrating strong size dependence.Mechanistically,large particle-size contrasts promote strong segregation and form dense basal rock layers that increase basal friction and reduce mobility.When particle sizes are similar or ice content is high,segregation remains limited,allowing ice to mix into the basal layer,thereby reducing basal friction and enhancing mobility.This research quantitatively demonstrates how composition controls particle spatial distribution,flow regime,and energy dissipation,offering new mechanistic insights into the propagation and deposition behaviors of rock-ice avalanches and improving hazard assessment in vulnerable high-mountain regions.展开更多
This paper uses a complete washing and sieving method and accurately determines the clay mass contents in the loess deposits at the eight regions of Xianyang,Ili,Xi'an,Yan'an,Lvliang,Linfen,Xining,and Lanzhou ...This paper uses a complete washing and sieving method and accurately determines the clay mass contents in the loess deposits at the eight regions of Xianyang,Ili,Xi'an,Yan'an,Lvliang,Linfen,Xining,and Lanzhou in China.The method uses nylon cloth sieves with apertures from 0.0008 mm to 0.048 mm and standard steel sieves with apertures from 0.063 mm to 28 mm.It uses a rotary vibration machine to wash and sieve the loess into many clay,silt,sand,and gravel subgroups.The masses of the separated materials construct the complete mass-based particle size distribution(PSD)curves for the tested loesses.The results show that the Xianyang,Ili,Xi'an,Yan'an,Lvliang,Linfen,Xining,and Lanzhou loesses contain 65.28%,56.73%,56.76%,38.7%,31.78%,30.55%,30.1%,and 26.29%clay in mass.These clay contents are 1.3-14.9 times higher than the clay contents from the past publications for the eight types of loess.On the other hand,the plasticity data in past publications show that loess belongs to the clay type of soil.The clay contents in the publications are underestimated,which is caused by the inseparability of fine soils(or clay and silt mixture)from the existing PSD test methods.Macro-photographs,micro-photographs and SEM photographs present the separated materials of individual clay,silt,sand,and gravel particles.Particle sizes measured from the SEM photographs confirm their particle sizes within their size limits.The clay particles exhibit strong internal cohesion,while the silt,sand,and gravel particles are individual and non-cohesive.Atterberg limits test results further demonstrate the clay particles'high plasticity features and the silt particles'non-plasticity features.展开更多
Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.Howev...Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.However,the increasing demand for higher resolution and real-time imaging results in significant data volume,limiting data storage,transmission and processing efficiency of system.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to compress the raw data without compromising image quality.This paper presents a photoacoustic-computed tomography 3D data compression method and system based on Wavelet-Transformer.This method is based on the cooperative compression framework that integrates wavelet hard coding with deep learning-based soft decoding.It combines the multiscale analysis capability of wavelet transforms with the global feature modeling advantage of Transformers,achieving high-quality data compression and reconstruction.Experimental results using k-wave simulation suggest that the proposed compression system has advantages under extreme compression conditions,achieving a raw data compression ratio of up to 1:40.Furthermore,three-dimensional data compression experiment using in vivo mouse demonstrated that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)values of reconstructed images reached 38.60 and 0.9583,effectively overcoming detail loss and artifacts introduced by raw data compression.All the results suggest that the proposed system can significantly reduce storage requirements and hardware cost,enhancing computational efficiency and image quality.These advantages support the development of photoacoustic-computed tomography toward higher efficiency,real-time performance and intelligent functionality.展开更多
Ketosis,a common metabolic disease during early lactation,is associated with high circulating levels ofβ-hydroxybutyrate(BHB).A portion of BHB that reaches the mammary gland is utilized as precursor for synthesis of ...Ketosis,a common metabolic disease during early lactation,is associated with high circulating levels ofβ-hydroxybutyrate(BHB).A portion of BHB that reaches the mammary gland is utilized as precursor for synthesis of fatty acids.Recent findings from nonruminant studies revealed that long chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase 4(ACSL4)could play a role in the regulation of cellular fatty acid metabolism,but the mechanisms by which ACSL4 mediates cellular lipid metabolism in response to BHB remains unclear.To achieve the aims,we conducted in vivo or in vitro analyses using bovine mammary gland biopsies and the immortalized mammary epithelial cell line(MAC-T).The in vivo study(n=6 cows per group)involved healthy cows(plasma BHB<0.60 mmol L^(–1))or ketotic cows(plasma BHB>2.0 mmol L^(–1))from which mammary gland tissue was biopsied.In vitro,MAC-T cells were challenged with 0,0.3,0.6,1.2,or 2.4 mmol L^(–1)BHB for 24 h to determine an optimal dose.Subsequently,MAC-T were incubated with 1.2 mmol L^(–1)BHB for 0,3,6,12,24,or 48 h.Furthermore,MAC-T cells were treated with small interfering ACSL4(siACSL4)for 24 h or ACSL4 overexpression plasmid(pcACSL4)for 36 h followed by a challenge with 1.2 mmol L^(–1)BHB for 24 h.Results showed that increased mRNA and protein abundance of lipogenic genes were linked to both mammary gland and in vitro challenge with BHB.BHB increased fatty acid content by activating ACSL4 expression,whereas inhibition of ACSL4 reduced BHB-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)overproduction,enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential,increase in fatty acid content,and lipid droplet accumulation.Furthermore,we also elevated ACSL4 expression with an overexpression plasmid to clarify its molecular role in response to BHB challenge.ACSL4 overexpression enhances BHB-induced lipid droplet accumulation by increased fatty acid content.Overall,the information showed that ACSL4 is crucial for the process of producing fatty acids from exogenous BHB.Reduced ACSL4 decreased fatty acid content and lipid droplet accumulation,improved mitochondrial function,directed more fatty acids towards oxidation.Thus,ACSL4 plays an important role in determining the fate of intracellular fatty acids and BHB in BMECs.展开更多
The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are among the global shelf seas susceptible to typhoons every year.Using observations and high-resolution numerical simulations,the current study investigates the dramatic changes in tempe...The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are among the global shelf seas susceptible to typhoons every year.Using observations and high-resolution numerical simulations,the current study investigates the dramatic changes in temperature and ocean heat content(OHC)of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea caused by Super Typhoon Maysak in early September 2020,which is representative of northward/northeastward-bypassing typhoons with centers just to the east of the study area.Temperature shows spatially coherent cooling in the upper mixed layer but warming in the subsurface layer in the majority of the offshore waters,due to wind-enhanced vertical mixing.In lower layers from the thermocline to sea bottom,temperature experiences significant warming in northeastern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula and in regions just off the Subei Shoal,but significant cooling in western coastal waters of the Korean Peninsula and southern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula.Significant temperature warming/cooling in lower layers is caused by coastal downwelling/upwelling.The total OHC of the study area decreases rapidly during Typhoon Maysak(2020)’s passage,which is generated comparably by latent heat loss at the sea surface and southward heat advection out of the study area at the southern boundary.Reduced shortwave radiation contributes positively but secondarily to the decreasing OHC during the first day.A numerical experiment suggests that Typhoon Maysak(2020)-induced OHC decline could have greatly affected the regional climate evolution in the following seasons.More studies are needed to fully understand the impacts of typhoons on regional climate changes in shelf seas at different time scales.展开更多
Amid the increasing demand for data sharing,the need for flexible,secure,and auditable access control mechanisms has garnered significant attention in the academic community.However,blockchain-based ciphertextpolicy a...Amid the increasing demand for data sharing,the need for flexible,secure,and auditable access control mechanisms has garnered significant attention in the academic community.However,blockchain-based ciphertextpolicy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)schemes still face cumbersome ciphertext re-encryption and insufficient oversight when handling dynamic attribute changes and cross-chain collaboration.To address these issues,we propose a dynamic permission attribute-encryption scheme for multi-chain collaboration.This scheme incorporates a multiauthority architecture for distributed attribute management and integrates an attribute revocation and granting mechanism that eliminates the need for ciphertext re-encryption,effectively reducing both computational and communication overhead.It leverages the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)for off-chain data storage and constructs a cross-chain regulatory framework—comprising a Hyperledger Fabric business chain and a FISCO BCOS regulatory chain—to record changes in decryption privileges and access behaviors in an auditable manner.Security analysis shows selective indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack(sIND-CPA)security under the decisional q-Parallel Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent Assumption(q-PBDHE).In the performance and experimental evaluations,we compared the proposed scheme with several advanced schemes.The results show that,while preserving security,the proposed scheme achieves higher encryption/decryption efficiency and lower storage overhead for ciphertexts and keys.展开更多
With the popularization of new technologies,telephone fraud has become the main means of stealing money and personal identity information.Taking inspiration from the website authentication mechanism,we propose an end-...With the popularization of new technologies,telephone fraud has become the main means of stealing money and personal identity information.Taking inspiration from the website authentication mechanism,we propose an end-to-end datamodem scheme that transmits the caller’s digital certificates through a voice channel for the recipient to verify the caller’s identity.Encoding useful information through voice channels is very difficult without the assistance of telecommunications providers.For example,speech activity detection may quickly classify encoded signals as nonspeech signals and reject input waveforms.To address this issue,we propose a novel modulation method based on linear frequency modulation that encodes 3 bits per symbol by varying its frequency,shape,and phase,alongside a lightweightMobileNetV3-Small-based demodulator for efficient and accurate signal decoding on resource-constrained devices.This method leverages the unique characteristics of linear frequency modulation signals,making them more easily transmitted and decoded in speech channels.To ensure reliable data delivery over unstable voice links,we further introduce a robust framing scheme with delimiter-based synchronization,a sample-level position remedying algorithm,and a feedback-driven retransmission mechanism.We have validated the feasibility and performance of our system through expanded real-world evaluations,demonstrating that it outperforms existing advanced methods in terms of robustness and data transfer rate.This technology establishes the foundational infrastructure for reliable certificate delivery over voice channels,which is crucial for achieving strong caller authentication and preventing telephone fraud at its root cause.展开更多
文摘Earthquakes are highly destructive spatio-temporal phenomena whose analysis is essential for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.Modern seismological research produces vast volumes of heterogeneous data from seismic networks,satellite observations,and geospatial repositories,creating the need for scalable infrastructures capable of integrating and analyzing such data to support intelligent decision-making.Data warehousing technologies provide a robust foundation for this purpose;however,existing earthquake-oriented data warehouses remain limited,often relying on simplified schemas,domain-specific analytics,or cataloguing efforts.This paper presents the design and implementation of a spatio-temporal data warehouse for seismic activity.The framework integrates spatial and temporal dimensions in a unified schema and introduces a novel array-based approach for managing many-to-many relationships between facts and dimensions without intermediate bridge tables.A comparative evaluation against a conventional bridge-table schema demonstrates that the array-based design improves fact-centric query performance,while the bridge-table schema remains advantageous for dimension-centric queries.To reconcile these trade-offs,a hybrid schema is proposed that retains both representations,ensuring balanced efficiency across heterogeneous workloads.The proposed framework demonstrates how spatio-temporal data warehousing can address schema complexity,improve query performance,and support multidimensional visualization.In doing so,it provides a foundation for integrating seismic analysis into broader big data-driven intelligent decision systems for disaster resilience,risk mitigation,and emergency management.
基金Supported by Shangqiu Science and Technology Project(20240036).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium(Se)content and exogenous Se supplementation on crop Se levels and provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched agricultural products.[Methods]Thirty three representative townships in Xiayi County,Ningling County,and Yongcheng City were selected.Soil Se content and its impact on wheat Se level were measured.The effects of exogenous Se supplementation on the Se content of crops including soybean,wheat,peanut,corn,sweet potato,grape,crisp pear and apple were also investigated.[Results]Showed that the soil Se content in 18 townships of Xiayi County ranged from 0.08 to 0.34 mg/kg,and Se-adequate areas,Se-deficient areas and severely Se-deficient areas accounted for 27.78%,66.67%,and 0.055%of the total,respectively.In Ningling County,the soil Se content in 11 townships ranged from 0.13 to 0.23 mg/kg,and among them,Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas comprised 18.18%and 81.82%,respectively.In Yongcheng City,the soil Se content in 4 townships ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mg/kg,and Se-adequate areas and Se-deficient areas constituted 75.00%and 25.00%,respectively.The soil Se content in 33 townships across Xiayi County,Ningling County,and Yongcheng City ranged from 0.07 to 0.34 mg/kg.However,the Se levels in wheat from all 33 townships fail to meet the standard for Se-enriched agricultural products.It indicates that relying solely on soil Se supply is insufficient for crops to achieve the Se level required for Se-enriched agricultural products.Exogenous Se supplementation could effectively increase the Se content in soybean,wheat,peanut,corn,sweet potato,grape,crisp pear,and apple.Among these,soybean,wheat and peanut showed the highest Se levels after supplementation,all exceeding 0.10 mg/kg and meeting the industry standard for Se-enriched agricultural products.[Conclusions]The results of this study indicates that exogenous Se supplementation can serve as a key measure for producing Se-enriched agricultural products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 12171158,12371474 and 12571510]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number 2025ECNU-WLJC006].
文摘This work contributes to the theoretical foundation for pricing in data markets and offers practical insights for managing digital data exchanges in the era of big data.We propose a structured pricing model for data exchanges transitioning from quasi-public to marketoriented operations.To address the complex dynamics among data exchanges,suppliers,and consumers,the authors develop a threestage Stackelberg game framework.In this model,the data exchange acts as a leader setting transaction commission rates,suppliers are intermediate leaders determining unit prices,and consumers are followers making purchasing decisions.Two pricing strategies are examined:the Independent Pricing Approach(IPA)and the novel Perfectly Competitive Pricing Approach(PCPA),which accounts for competition among data providers.Using backward induction,the study derives subgame-perfect equilibria and proves the existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibria under both approaches.Extensive numerical simulations are carried out in the model,demonstrating that PCPA enhances data demander utility,encourages supplier competition,increases transaction volume,and improves the overall profitability and sustainability of data exchanges.Social welfare analysis further confirms PCPA’s superiority in promoting efficient and fair data markets.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272855)STI 2030-Major Projects,China(2023ZD0404501)。
文摘The significance of purine base content as an important nutrition indicator in foods arises from its potential to trigger hyperuricemia or gout via high-purine diet.Livestock meats,including pork,generally contain moderate to high total purine content(TP).Recent research revealed substantial variations within and across pig breeds,implying genetic factors influencing this trait.Thus,this study aimed to unravel the genetic underpinnings governing purine base content in pork.The heritability estimates(h~2)for the four purine traits ranged from 0.14 to 0.35.A total of 14,36,19 and 25 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were identified for guanine,adenine,hypoxanthine,and TP,respectively.Our comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis and gene network analysis revealed 15 promising candidate genes intricately interwoven within diverse purine metabolism pathways,such as purine ribonucleotide metabolic process,purine nucleotide metabolism and transport,and purine salvage pathways,all contributing to TP.Strikingly,most genetic variants significantly associated with TP displayed analogous effects on multiple purine bases.Two distinct and highly significant QTLs(P<10^(–12))emerged on Sus scrofa chromosome(SSC)12:one impacting guanine content and the other concurrently influencing adenine and hypoxanthine levels.The peak of the guanine QTL on SSC12 resided 1.1 kb downstream of the transmembrane protein 238 like(TMEM238L)gene and is encapsulated within a genomic segment characterized by the histone modification H3K27me3.Focused fine-mapping for the SSC12 QTL associated with adenine and hypoxanthine levels narrowed its scope to around 172 kb,encompassing the growth arrest specific 7(GAS7)and myosin heavy chain 13(MYH13)genes.However,the observed QTL effect was not attributed to any missense mutations within the two genes.This pioneering study unveils the genetic variations and candidate genes associated with purine content in livestock,laying a robust foundation for the selective breeding of pig lines with reduced purine base content.
基金supported by a Project Grant(Grant No.PJT183705)an Early Career Investigator Prize(Grant No.ECP 184184)from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research+7 种基金a Prentice Institute Research Affiliate Fund Grant from the Prentice Institute for Global Population and Economy(Grant No.G00004116)a Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington Division of Science Health Engineering Architecture and Design Innovation Faculty Strategic Research Grant(Grant No.FSRG-SHEADI-10724)The Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre(TPAK)/Thai Health Promotion Foundation provided funding for the cognitive interviews and pilot study in Thailand(Grant No.66-P1-0473)The University Pablo de Olavide provided a scholarship for 2 undergraduate students working on the project(codes PPI2207 and PPI2308)In the Czech Republicthe study was supported by Palacky University IGA(Grant No.IGA_FTK_2023_017)supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Healthsupported by the Key Project of the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD197)。
文摘Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200200)the earmarked funds for CARS(No.CARS-13)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2025-OCRI)the National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(22250402)the National Crop Germplasm Resources Center(NCGRC-2025-036)。
文摘Iron is an essential mineral element that plays important roles in plant growth,development,and human health.Peanut is a valuable source of iron for human nutrition.Improving iron content in peanut seeds can enhance both yield potential and nutritional value.In this study,the seed iron content of the 401 peanut germplasm accessions was estimated and substantial variation among these accessions was observed,ranging from 9.02 to 50.60 mg/kg.The seed iron content of valencia type accessions was significantly higher than that of Peruvian,Virginia,and Irregular types.Landraces showed the highest average iron content,followed by advanced cultivars,breeding lines and interspecific hybrid cultivars.Accessions with red seed coat exhibited significantly higher iron content compared with those with pink seed coat.Correlation analysis revealed that the seed iron content significantly negatively correlated with hundred seed weight(HSW),resveratrol and oleic acid.Eight accessions with high iron content were identified with an average iron content of 32.46 mg/kg,including two elite genotypes that Zh.h4280 showed high resveratrol levels(1057.34μg/kg)and Zh.h1976 exhibited large seeds(HSW over 90g).Association analysis identified four markers,one of which,AHGS2053 stably explained with 5.75%–5.84%phenotypic variation.Accessions containing the favorable allele AHGS2053-250bp exhibited significantly higher iron content compared to those with alternative alleles.The results provide valuable germplasm resources and associated markers for breeding programs targeting high iron content in peanuts.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)under the grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2601.
文摘Ovarian cancer(OC)is one of the leading causes of death related to gynecological cancer,with the main difficulty of its early diagnosis and a heterogeneous nature of tumor biomarkers.Machine learning(ML)has the potential to process complex datasets and support decision-making in OC diagnosis.Nevertheless,traditional ML models tend to be biased,overfitting,noisy,and less generalized.Moreover,their black-box nature reduces interpretability and limits their practical clinical applicability.In this study,we introduce an explainable ensemble learning(EL)model,TreeX-Stack,based on a stacking architecture that employs tree-based learners such as Decision Tree(DT),Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting(GB),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)as base learners,and Logistic Regression(LR)as the meta-learner to enhance ovarian cancer(OC)diagnosis.Local Interpretable ModelAgnostic Explanations(LIME)are used to explain individual predictions,making the model outputs more clinically interpretable and applicable.The model is trained on the dataset that includes demographic information,blood test,general chemistry,and tumor markers.Extensive preprocessing includes handling missing data using iterative imputation with Bayesian Ridge and addressing multicollinearity by removing features with correlation coefficients above 0.7.Relevant features are then selected using the Boruta feature selection method.To obtain robust and unbiased performance estimates during hyperparameter tuning,nested cross-validation(CV)with grid search is employed,and all experiments are repeated five times to ensure statistical reliability.TreeX-Stack demonstrates excellent diagnostic performance,achieving an accuracy of 0.9027,a precision of 0.8673,a recall of 0.9391,and an F1-score of 0.9012.Feature-importance analyses using LIME and permutation importance highlight Human Epididymis Protein 4(HE4)as the most significant biomarker for OC.The combination of high predictive performance and interpretability makes TreeX-Stack a reliable tool for clinical decision support in OC diagnosis.
基金supported by the International Partnership program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(170GJHZ2023074GC)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42425706 and 42488201)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF0807902)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8242041),and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770353).
文摘Accurately assessing the relationship between tree growth and climatic factors is of great importance in dendrochronology.This study evaluated the consistency between alternative climate datasets(including station and gridded data)and actual climate data(fixed-point observations near the sampling sites),in northeastern China’s warm temperate zone and analyzed differences in their correlations with tree-ring width index.The results were:(1)Gridded temperature data,as well as precipitation and relative humidity data from the Huailai meteorological station,was more consistent with the actual climate data;in contrast,gridded soil moisture content data showed significant discrepancies.(2)Horizontal distance had a greater impact on the representativeness of actual climate conditions than vertical elevation differences.(3)Differences in consistency between alternative and actual climate data also affected their correlations with tree-ring width indices.In some growing season months,correlation coefficients,both in magnitude and sign,differed significantly from those based on actual data.The selection of different alternative climate datasets can lead to biased results in assessing forest responses to climate change,which is detrimental to the management of forest ecosystems in harsh environments.Therefore,the scientific and rational selection of alternative climate data is essential for dendroecological and climatological research.
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Pig Innovation Team(SCCXTD-2026-8)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2025ZYD0049)"Challenge and Leadership"Project for Key Core Technologies of Sui Ning in Sichuan(2025SNKBZ19).
文摘Sichuan sausages with moisture contents of 40%,45%,50%,and 60% were stored at-18℃for durations of 0,2,4,6,and 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of moisture content on the quality attributes of Sichuan sausages during frozen storage.Product indicators including pH,colour,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N),texture,electronic nose(E-nose)response,and water-holding capacity(thawing and cooking losses)were determined.The results indicated that as storage time increased,water retention in Sichuan sausages with different moisture contents decreased,while the degree of protein and lipid oxidation increased.This led to an increase in pH value,a colour shift from red-bright to grey-brown,and a deterioration in palatability.Among the samples,sausages with 50% moisture content exhibited the lowest thawing and cooking losses,indicating superior water-holding capacity.After 8 weeks of storage,TBARS and TVB-N values for the 50% moisture group were 19.5%and 2.5%lower,respectively,than those of the 40%and 45%moisture groups,indicating a reduced degree of oxidation.Furthermore,Sichuan sausage with 50%moisture content demonstrated an appropriate pH and colour difference,along with excellent texture and flavour,as evidenced by its higher toughness and satisfactory hardness.In conclusion,Sichuan sausage with 50% moisture content demonstrated the highest overall quality under frozen storage conditions.
文摘To address the severe challenges of PM_(2.5) and ozone co-control during the"14^(th) Five-Year Plan"period and to enhance the precision and intelligence level of air environment governance,it is imperative to build an efficient comprehensive management platform for regional air quality.In this paper,the specific practice in Zibo City,Shandong Province is as an example to systematically analyze the top-level design,technical implementation,and innovative application of a comprehensive management platform for regional air quality integrating"perception monitoring,data fusion,research judgment of early warnings,analysis of sources,collaborative dispatching,and evaluation assessment".Through the construction of an"sky-air-ground"integrated three-dimensional monitoring network,the platform integrates multi-source heterogeneous environmental data,and employs big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence,CALPUFF/CMAQ,and other numerical model technologies to achieve comprehensive perception,precise prediction,intelligent source tracing,and closed-loop management of air pollution.The platform innovatively establishes a full-process closed-loop management mechanism of"data-early warning-disposition-evaluation",and achieves a fundamental transformation from passive response to active anticipation and from experience-based judgment to data driving in environmental supervision.The application results show that this platform significantly improves the scientific decision-making ability and collaborative execution efficiency of air pollution governance in Zibo City,providing a replicable and scalable comprehensive solution for similar industrial cities to achieve the continuous improvement of air quality.
基金Supported by Open Fund Project of the Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants of Fujian(PP202003).
文摘This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides an in-depth analysis and summary of the effects of biological factors,environmental conditions,agronomic practices,processing methods,and continuous cropping obstacles on the synthesis of P.heterophylla saponins,as well as their underlying mechanisms.Based on identified gaps in the current literature,future research directions and prospects are proposed.The findings of this review offer valuable insights for advancing the understanding of the saponin biosynthesis mechanisms in P.heterophylla and for enhancing its quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91959106)the Foundation of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(24RGZNC02)+4 种基金Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing,Fudan University(IIPL-2025-RD3-02)Key University Science Research Project of Anhui Province(2023AH030108)Climbing Peak Training Program for Innovative Technology team of Yijishan Hospital,Wannan Medical College(PF201904)Peak Training Program for Scientific Research of Yijishan Hospital,Wannan Medical College(GF2019G15)the talent project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College(Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College)(YR202422).
文摘tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs),as a class of regulatory small noncoding RNA,have been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases.Large amounts of tsRNA–disease associations have been identified in recent years from accumulating studies.However,repositories for cataloging the detailed information on tsRNA–disease associations are scarce.In this study,we provide a tsRNADisease database by integrating experimentally and computationally supported tsRNA–disease associations from manual curation of literatures and other related resources.tsRNADisease contains 5571 manually curated associations between 4759 tsRNAs and 166 diseases with experimental evidence from 346 studies.In addition,it also contains 5013 predicted associations between 1297 tsRNAs and 111 diseases.tsRNADisease provides a user-friendly interface to browse,retrieve,and download data conveniently.This database can improve our understanding of tsRNA deregulation in diseases and serve as a valuable resource for investigating the mechanism of disease-related tsRNAs.tsRNADisease is freely available at http://www.compgenelab.info/tsRNADisease.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFF0501301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42172231)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Earth science is a natural science concerned with the composition,dynamics,spatiotemporal evolution,and formation mechanisms of Earth materials(Chen and Yang,2023).Traditional Earth science research has largely been discipline-based,relying on field investigations,data collection,experimental analyses,and data interpretation to study individual components of the Earth system.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No 42277127)。
文摘Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study investigates their coupled effects using inclinedflume experiments and Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations,covering three gravel sizes(2-5 mm,5-7 mm,7-10 mm)and four ice-content levels(0%,20%,40%,60%).Run-out distance,velocity,energy components,flow regime(Savage number),and segregation indexαwere quantified.Increasing ice content significantly enhances mobility,but with diminishing marginal effectiveness.From 0%to 40%ice content,run-out distance increases by 41%-86%,whereas the additional increase from 40%to 60%contributes only 12%-23%.Particle-size ratio strongly governs segregation intensity.Fine-gravel groups reach segregation indices ofα=0.92-0.98,indicating nearly complete upward migration of ice,whereas medium-gravel and coarse-gravel groups exhibit much weaker segregation,stabilizing atα=0.68-0.74 and 0.60-0.69.Savage number analyses reveal marked flow-regime transitions.At 0%ice content,Savage numbers reach 1.0-1.5,indicating a collisional regime.Increasing ice content suppresses collisionality,with Savage numbers decreasing to 0.03-0.07 at 60%ice content,consistent with dense-regime flow.DEM energy analyses confirm this regime shift:for finegravel mixtures,collision energy decreases by 14%,while sliding-friction energy increases by 33%as ice content increases from 0%to 60%,reflecting enhanced overburden effects imposed by upward-segregated ice layers.Medium and coarse mixtures exhibit weaker or opposite energy-shift patterns,demonstrating strong size dependence.Mechanistically,large particle-size contrasts promote strong segregation and form dense basal rock layers that increase basal friction and reduce mobility.When particle sizes are similar or ice content is high,segregation remains limited,allowing ice to mix into the basal layer,thereby reducing basal friction and enhancing mobility.This research quantitatively demonstrates how composition controls particle spatial distribution,flow regime,and energy dissipation,offering new mechanistic insights into the propagation and deposition behaviors of rock-ice avalanches and improving hazard assessment in vulnerable high-mountain regions.
基金supported by grants from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administra-tive Region,China(Project Nos.HKU 17207518 and R5037-18).
文摘This paper uses a complete washing and sieving method and accurately determines the clay mass contents in the loess deposits at the eight regions of Xianyang,Ili,Xi'an,Yan'an,Lvliang,Linfen,Xining,and Lanzhou in China.The method uses nylon cloth sieves with apertures from 0.0008 mm to 0.048 mm and standard steel sieves with apertures from 0.063 mm to 28 mm.It uses a rotary vibration machine to wash and sieve the loess into many clay,silt,sand,and gravel subgroups.The masses of the separated materials construct the complete mass-based particle size distribution(PSD)curves for the tested loesses.The results show that the Xianyang,Ili,Xi'an,Yan'an,Lvliang,Linfen,Xining,and Lanzhou loesses contain 65.28%,56.73%,56.76%,38.7%,31.78%,30.55%,30.1%,and 26.29%clay in mass.These clay contents are 1.3-14.9 times higher than the clay contents from the past publications for the eight types of loess.On the other hand,the plasticity data in past publications show that loess belongs to the clay type of soil.The clay contents in the publications are underestimated,which is caused by the inseparability of fine soils(or clay and silt mixture)from the existing PSD test methods.Macro-photographs,micro-photographs and SEM photographs present the separated materials of individual clay,silt,sand,and gravel particles.Particle sizes measured from the SEM photographs confirm their particle sizes within their size limits.The clay particles exhibit strong internal cohesion,while the silt,sand,and gravel particles are individual and non-cohesive.Atterberg limits test results further demonstrate the clay particles'high plasticity features and the silt particles'non-plasticity features.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant No.2023YFF0713600]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.62275062]+3 种基金Project of Shandong Innovation and Startup Community of High-end Medical Apparatus and Instruments[Grant No.2023-SGTTXM-002 and 2024-SGTTXM-005]the Shandong Province Technology Innovation Guidance Plan(Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund)[Grant No.YDZX2023115]the Taishan Scholar Special Funding Project of Shandong Provincethe Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai[Grant No.ZL202402].
文摘Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.However,the increasing demand for higher resolution and real-time imaging results in significant data volume,limiting data storage,transmission and processing efficiency of system.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to compress the raw data without compromising image quality.This paper presents a photoacoustic-computed tomography 3D data compression method and system based on Wavelet-Transformer.This method is based on the cooperative compression framework that integrates wavelet hard coding with deep learning-based soft decoding.It combines the multiscale analysis capability of wavelet transforms with the global feature modeling advantage of Transformers,achieving high-quality data compression and reconstruction.Experimental results using k-wave simulation suggest that the proposed compression system has advantages under extreme compression conditions,achieving a raw data compression ratio of up to 1:40.Furthermore,three-dimensional data compression experiment using in vivo mouse demonstrated that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)values of reconstructed images reached 38.60 and 0.9583,effectively overcoming detail loss and artifacts introduced by raw data compression.All the results suggest that the proposed system can significantly reduce storage requirements and hardware cost,enhancing computational efficiency and image quality.These advantages support the development of photoacoustic-computed tomography toward higher efficiency,real-time performance and intelligent functionality.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1800804 and 2023YFD1801100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172926)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)。
文摘Ketosis,a common metabolic disease during early lactation,is associated with high circulating levels ofβ-hydroxybutyrate(BHB).A portion of BHB that reaches the mammary gland is utilized as precursor for synthesis of fatty acids.Recent findings from nonruminant studies revealed that long chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase 4(ACSL4)could play a role in the regulation of cellular fatty acid metabolism,but the mechanisms by which ACSL4 mediates cellular lipid metabolism in response to BHB remains unclear.To achieve the aims,we conducted in vivo or in vitro analyses using bovine mammary gland biopsies and the immortalized mammary epithelial cell line(MAC-T).The in vivo study(n=6 cows per group)involved healthy cows(plasma BHB<0.60 mmol L^(–1))or ketotic cows(plasma BHB>2.0 mmol L^(–1))from which mammary gland tissue was biopsied.In vitro,MAC-T cells were challenged with 0,0.3,0.6,1.2,or 2.4 mmol L^(–1)BHB for 24 h to determine an optimal dose.Subsequently,MAC-T were incubated with 1.2 mmol L^(–1)BHB for 0,3,6,12,24,or 48 h.Furthermore,MAC-T cells were treated with small interfering ACSL4(siACSL4)for 24 h or ACSL4 overexpression plasmid(pcACSL4)for 36 h followed by a challenge with 1.2 mmol L^(–1)BHB for 24 h.Results showed that increased mRNA and protein abundance of lipogenic genes were linked to both mammary gland and in vitro challenge with BHB.BHB increased fatty acid content by activating ACSL4 expression,whereas inhibition of ACSL4 reduced BHB-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)overproduction,enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential,increase in fatty acid content,and lipid droplet accumulation.Furthermore,we also elevated ACSL4 expression with an overexpression plasmid to clarify its molecular role in response to BHB challenge.ACSL4 overexpression enhances BHB-induced lipid droplet accumulation by increased fatty acid content.Overall,the information showed that ACSL4 is crucial for the process of producing fatty acids from exogenous BHB.Reduced ACSL4 decreased fatty acid content and lipid droplet accumulation,improved mitochondrial function,directed more fatty acids towards oxidation.Thus,ACSL4 plays an important role in determining the fate of intracellular fatty acids and BHB in BMECs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFF0801400 and 2021YFF0704002)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2024LQX002)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42176016).
文摘The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are among the global shelf seas susceptible to typhoons every year.Using observations and high-resolution numerical simulations,the current study investigates the dramatic changes in temperature and ocean heat content(OHC)of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea caused by Super Typhoon Maysak in early September 2020,which is representative of northward/northeastward-bypassing typhoons with centers just to the east of the study area.Temperature shows spatially coherent cooling in the upper mixed layer but warming in the subsurface layer in the majority of the offshore waters,due to wind-enhanced vertical mixing.In lower layers from the thermocline to sea bottom,temperature experiences significant warming in northeastern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula and in regions just off the Subei Shoal,but significant cooling in western coastal waters of the Korean Peninsula and southern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula.Significant temperature warming/cooling in lower layers is caused by coastal downwelling/upwelling.The total OHC of the study area decreases rapidly during Typhoon Maysak(2020)’s passage,which is generated comparably by latent heat loss at the sea surface and southward heat advection out of the study area at the southern boundary.Reduced shortwave radiation contributes positively but secondarily to the decreasing OHC during the first day.A numerical experiment suggests that Typhoon Maysak(2020)-induced OHC decline could have greatly affected the regional climate evolution in the following seasons.More studies are needed to fully understand the impacts of typhoons on regional climate changes in shelf seas at different time scales.
文摘Amid the increasing demand for data sharing,the need for flexible,secure,and auditable access control mechanisms has garnered significant attention in the academic community.However,blockchain-based ciphertextpolicy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)schemes still face cumbersome ciphertext re-encryption and insufficient oversight when handling dynamic attribute changes and cross-chain collaboration.To address these issues,we propose a dynamic permission attribute-encryption scheme for multi-chain collaboration.This scheme incorporates a multiauthority architecture for distributed attribute management and integrates an attribute revocation and granting mechanism that eliminates the need for ciphertext re-encryption,effectively reducing both computational and communication overhead.It leverages the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)for off-chain data storage and constructs a cross-chain regulatory framework—comprising a Hyperledger Fabric business chain and a FISCO BCOS regulatory chain—to record changes in decryption privileges and access behaviors in an auditable manner.Security analysis shows selective indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack(sIND-CPA)security under the decisional q-Parallel Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent Assumption(q-PBDHE).In the performance and experimental evaluations,we compared the proposed scheme with several advanced schemes.The results show that,while preserving security,the proposed scheme achieves higher encryption/decryption efficiency and lower storage overhead for ciphertexts and keys.
文摘With the popularization of new technologies,telephone fraud has become the main means of stealing money and personal identity information.Taking inspiration from the website authentication mechanism,we propose an end-to-end datamodem scheme that transmits the caller’s digital certificates through a voice channel for the recipient to verify the caller’s identity.Encoding useful information through voice channels is very difficult without the assistance of telecommunications providers.For example,speech activity detection may quickly classify encoded signals as nonspeech signals and reject input waveforms.To address this issue,we propose a novel modulation method based on linear frequency modulation that encodes 3 bits per symbol by varying its frequency,shape,and phase,alongside a lightweightMobileNetV3-Small-based demodulator for efficient and accurate signal decoding on resource-constrained devices.This method leverages the unique characteristics of linear frequency modulation signals,making them more easily transmitted and decoded in speech channels.To ensure reliable data delivery over unstable voice links,we further introduce a robust framing scheme with delimiter-based synchronization,a sample-level position remedying algorithm,and a feedback-driven retransmission mechanism.We have validated the feasibility and performance of our system through expanded real-world evaluations,demonstrating that it outperforms existing advanced methods in terms of robustness and data transfer rate.This technology establishes the foundational infrastructure for reliable certificate delivery over voice channels,which is crucial for achieving strong caller authentication and preventing telephone fraud at its root cause.
