In India,water accounts on a river basin scale are not prepared regularly,mainly due to the unavailability of data on consumptive uses in various economic sectors at that scale.This research paper demonstrates an appr...In India,water accounts on a river basin scale are not prepared regularly,mainly due to the unavailability of data on consumptive uses in various economic sectors at that scale.This research paper demonstrates an approach to prepare water accounts for the Mahanadi river basin in eastern India,which experiences climate-induced hydrological extremes using the demographic,economic,hydrological,and geohydrological data available at different administrative and geographical scales.Further,selected water accounts derived indicators were computed to identify critical elements that need to be altered for improving water resources management at the river basin scale.The results show that the total inflow during the wet year exceeds 24%-26%in comparison to the normal and dry years.In turn,23%and 24%of the inflow get drains to the sea in a dry and normal year,respectively,with agriculture accounting for the lion's share of the blue water consumed,about 57%-60%in all the years.The river has a huge dilution capacity,and,except for the biological oxygen demand in a dry year,the value of all other selected water quality parameters(nitrogen and electrical conductivity)is within the acceptable limits established by law.Reducing water consumption in irrigated crops during summer,controlling evaporation from the reservoirs,and considering nitrogen concentration and electrical conductivity in the existing approach to determine polluted river stretches in India are identified as crucial actions for improving water management in the basin.Further,assessment of water consumption and environmentalflow requirement is identified as important decision factors to guide future water reallocation among riparian states.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy consumption （EC） and find out the determining factors of energy-efficient office building cases according to specific case studies in typical cities of different cl...The purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy consumption （EC） and find out the determining factors of energy-efficient office building cases according to specific case studies in typical cities of different climate zones in China. The investigated building cases were located in four cities （Beijing, Ningbo, Nanjing and Shenzhen） of three architecture thermotechnical design zones （cold zone, hot summer and cold winter zone, hot summer and warm winter zone）. The analysis indicates that the energy consumption index （ECI） of these four cases ranges from 41.06 to 74.23kW.h/（m^2.a）. Besides, the outdoor climate can change the EC of air conditioning/ heating systems, and further determine the monthly volatility of the total EC of the whole building.展开更多
With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consump...With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin, China. The analysis focused specifically on calculating the space heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schools, aiming at providing reliable and precise data for the government to elaborate policies and measures. The space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWh/（m2. a） and 64.25 kWh/（m2. a）, respectively. Comparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools with a canteen can increase by 8%-37%. Furthermore, clustering of different energy sources, the total primary energy consumption indexes were also presented. Space heating energy consumption accounted for approximately 64%-79% of the total primary energy consumption. When using time-sharing control and self- contained gas boiler instead of district heating, an amount of almost 27.8 kWh/（mZ-a） and 77.5 kWh/（m2.a） can be saved respectively. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, this paper demonstrated that gross floor area, heating energy source and canteen had a close relationship with the total primary energy consumption regarding complete schools. Eventually, a linear regression equation was established to make a simple prediction about the total energy consumption of existing complete schools and to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.展开更多
文摘In India,water accounts on a river basin scale are not prepared regularly,mainly due to the unavailability of data on consumptive uses in various economic sectors at that scale.This research paper demonstrates an approach to prepare water accounts for the Mahanadi river basin in eastern India,which experiences climate-induced hydrological extremes using the demographic,economic,hydrological,and geohydrological data available at different administrative and geographical scales.Further,selected water accounts derived indicators were computed to identify critical elements that need to be altered for improving water resources management at the river basin scale.The results show that the total inflow during the wet year exceeds 24%-26%in comparison to the normal and dry years.In turn,23%and 24%of the inflow get drains to the sea in a dry and normal year,respectively,with agriculture accounting for the lion's share of the blue water consumed,about 57%-60%in all the years.The river has a huge dilution capacity,and,except for the biological oxygen demand in a dry year,the value of all other selected water quality parameters(nitrogen and electrical conductivity)is within the acceptable limits established by law.Reducing water consumption in irrigated crops during summer,controlling evaporation from the reservoirs,and considering nitrogen concentration and electrical conductivity in the existing approach to determine polluted river stretches in India are identified as crucial actions for improving water management in the basin.Further,assessment of water consumption and environmentalflow requirement is identified as important decision factors to guide future water reallocation among riparian states.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy consumption （EC） and find out the determining factors of energy-efficient office building cases according to specific case studies in typical cities of different climate zones in China. The investigated building cases were located in four cities （Beijing, Ningbo, Nanjing and Shenzhen） of three architecture thermotechnical design zones （cold zone, hot summer and cold winter zone, hot summer and warm winter zone）. The analysis indicates that the energy consumption index （ECI） of these four cases ranges from 41.06 to 74.23kW.h/（m^2.a）. Besides, the outdoor climate can change the EC of air conditioning/ heating systems, and further determine the monthly volatility of the total EC of the whole building.
文摘With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin, China. The analysis focused specifically on calculating the space heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schools, aiming at providing reliable and precise data for the government to elaborate policies and measures. The space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWh/（m2. a） and 64.25 kWh/（m2. a）, respectively. Comparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools with a canteen can increase by 8%-37%. Furthermore, clustering of different energy sources, the total primary energy consumption indexes were also presented. Space heating energy consumption accounted for approximately 64%-79% of the total primary energy consumption. When using time-sharing control and self- contained gas boiler instead of district heating, an amount of almost 27.8 kWh/（mZ-a） and 77.5 kWh/（m2.a） can be saved respectively. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, this paper demonstrated that gross floor area, heating energy source and canteen had a close relationship with the total primary energy consumption regarding complete schools. Eventually, a linear regression equation was established to make a simple prediction about the total energy consumption of existing complete schools and to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.
