In consultative committee for space data systems（CCSDS） file delivery protocol（CFDP） recommendation of reliable transmission,there are no detail transmission procedure and delay calculation of prompted negative ac...In consultative committee for space data systems（CCSDS） file delivery protocol（CFDP） recommendation of reliable transmission,there are no detail transmission procedure and delay calculation of prompted negative acknowledge and asynchronous negative acknowledge models.CFDP is designed to provide data and storage management,story and forward,custody transfer and reliable end-to-end delivery over deep space characterized by huge latency,intermittent link,asymmetric bandwidth and big bit error rate（BER）.Four reliable transmission models are analyzed and an expected file-delivery time is calculated with different trans-mission rates,numbers and sizes of packet data units,BERs and frequencies of external events,etc.By comparison of four CFDP models,the requirement of BER for typical missions in deep space is obtained and rules of choosing CFDP models under different uplink state informations are given,which provides references for protocol models selection,utilization and modification.展开更多
As a new way of governance,deliberative democracy has an inherent compatibility with river basin water environment governance.Consultative governance of river basin water environment is an important way to build an ec...As a new way of governance,deliberative democracy has an inherent compatibility with river basin water environment governance.Consultative governance of river basin water environment is an important way to build an ecological civilization in the river basin.It involves three different levels of government-level democratic coordination,government-enterprise-society consultation and cooperation,and independent consultation between citizens and their governance mechanisms.To realize the consultative governance of river basin water environment,the concept and system construction of consultative governance should be incorporated into the system and mechanism construction of river basin water environment administration.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world....In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world.The press conference in the“two sessions”likes an important window to show China’s policies and claims to the world.Meanwhile,the premier who answers questions in the press conference,respectively,shows the world the eloquence and polite manners of China’s premier,such as Premier Wen Jiabao and Premier Li Keqiang.Their astute response,excellent,and emotional expression makes a deep impression on audiences.Moreover,as a bridge between the speaker and the listeners,the interpretation once is incorrect will cause some mistakes even conflicts.Therefore,the interpreter plays a most important role in the press conference.How to improve the interpretation level in the press conference is a significant topic.The thesis mainly introduces the content of press conference interpreting from 2012 to 2014.At present,the practical study of press conference interpretation is far from enough.The last part gives the summary of the study and points out the main findings for the further study.展开更多
The influence applied by the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in promoting the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle cannot be ignored.At present,the Sichuan Committee of CPPCC...The influence applied by the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in promoting the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle cannot be ignored.At present,the Sichuan Committee of CPPCC and Chongqing Committee of CPPCC are actively participating in the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle by building collaborative platforms,conducting joint consultations,and holding consultations on special issues.From three aspects,namely the unique advantages of the CPPCC,the fact that full consultation between CPPCCs in different regions is conducive to coordinating the interests of local governments of the same level,and that fact that it is also conducive to promoting inter-governmental cooperation,this article elaborates on the necessity of the contribution of the CPPCC in promoting the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and discusses four paths for the CPPCC’s promotion of the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle:Strengthening the Communist Party of China’s leadership over the political consultation work of the CPPCC,using the CPPCC to consolidate the consensus of“a Sichuan-Chongqing close family,”innovating the form,content,and objects of democratic supervision,and building the information exchange mechanisms between the CPPCCs of Sichuan and Chongqing.展开更多
The serious degradation of the ecological environment and the rapid expansion of stone desert have had a serious effect on the economic development of karst and rock-naked mountain areas in Southwest China. Moreover, ...The serious degradation of the ecological environment and the rapid expansion of stone desert have had a serious effect on the economic development of karst and rock-naked mountain areas in Southwest China. Moreover, these areas are still at the initial stage of industrialization, characterized by a greater significance of agriculture to the economy, face sharp contradictions among the population, the arable land and resources, and are suffering because of a shortage of investment. On the basis of this current situation, three recommendations are made in this article: "coordinating the relations among grain, ecology, population and economic development", "increasing the input of science and technology", and "adopting policies consistent with social equity in areas of poverty".展开更多
In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This...In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This paper details the first African meeting of the G-DEP.Consultative meeting reviewed preceding dryland ecosystems case studies,identified vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions,and proposed sustainable solutions to problems.It also identified the successes and failures of previous attempts to improve vulnerable ecosystems and ultimately formed an action plan to improve these attempts.Climate,ecosystems,and livelihoods for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),Great Green Wall Initiative(GGWI)for Sahara and Sahel,and China-Africa cooperation on science,technology,and innovation are three extra main sections concerned of the meeting.Separately,more specific topics as the complicated relationship between these natural processes and human activity,including pastoralism,soil restoration,and vegetation regenerate techniques,were fully discussed.Consultative meeting also identified the positive effects international collaboration can have on dryland regions,specifically in the capacity of sharing information,technology,and innovation on purpose to develop a joint proposal for long-term research programs in African arid and semi-arid areas.Moreover,meetings that review the progress made on ecosystem management for the sustainable livelihoods in Africa,identification of priority areas,and the development and implementation of ecosystem programs for proper research and collaboration in African arid and semi-arid zones,have been proposed as strategic recommendations to enhance the global partnership for sustainable development.Furthermore,as the outcomes of the workshop,there are three steps proposed to handle African dryland climate changes,several aspects suggested to solve current dilemmas of the GGWI,and a series of actions recommended for G-DEP related activities in Africa.展开更多
During the National People's Congress(NPC)and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in 2025,ESG-related issues have received widespread attention.Several NPC deputies and CPPCC members h...During the National People's Congress(NPC)and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in 2025,ESG-related issues have received widespread attention.Several NPC deputies and CPPCC members have put forward suggestions on ESG policies,green finance,corporate ESG practices and other topics,aiming to promote China's ESG development to a new stage.展开更多
An annual event in March in China is the Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).The SPOTLIGHT colu...An annual event in March in China is the Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).The SPOTLIGHT column of the issue displays the speech highlights of Luo Wen,SAMR Minister,and the insights into standards of representatives during the meetings.展开更多
CCPIT The 2025 Business Forum of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Held in Beijing On July 17,the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)held its Business Forum in Beijing.Vice Chairman of the National Committee of...CCPIT The 2025 Business Forum of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Held in Beijing On July 17,the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)held its Business Forum in Beijing.Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)and Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce,Gao Yunlong,attended and addressed the opening ceremony.展开更多
The annual Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),were held in Beijing from March 4 to 11,2025.Thi...The annual Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),were held in Beijing from March 4 to 11,2025.This year’s meetings raised considerable concern as the year 2025 is the final year for implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025),which is decisive for making the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030),and also very important for further deepening reform comprehensively.展开更多
The rule of law in China should be advanced under a systems framework. The systems framework on which the Chinese rule of law relies is shaped by the socialist democratic system. Socialist consultative democracy, whic...The rule of law in China should be advanced under a systems framework. The systems framework on which the Chinese rule of law relies is shaped by the socialist democratic system. Socialist consultative democracy, which responds to the core themes of the determinant of socialism, Party leadership, the democratic tradition of New China and native resources for constructing the rule of law, is an important resource for constructing the rule of law in China. In a constitutional system of＂ruling Party--political power--the people＂ that takes the sovereignty of the people as the logic of its starting point, consultative democracy plays the role of functional coupling. Popular sovereignty gains political legitimacy on the basis of multi- party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, thus translating the will of the ruling Party into the will of the state. Consultative democracy constitutes an essential process in national decision-making, affording a basis for the construction of the inherent logical sequence of ＂ruling Party--Consultative Conference--People＇s Congress.＂ The democratic supervision exercised by the Consultative Conference is an extension of political consultation; from it unfolds the systems framework of the rule of law in China.展开更多
The logical sequence of China's state governance is"governing party--consultative conferences--people's congresses--the people."The"governing party--consultative conferences"link in the cha...The logical sequence of China's state governance is"governing party--consultative conferences--people's congresses--the people."The"governing party--consultative conferences"link in the chain involves political consultation through people's consultative conferences.The"governing party--consultative conferences--people's congresses"link involves a process of obtaining legitimacy for the Party's views based on political consultations which are then translated into the national will by the system of people's congresses.The"people's congresses--the people"link involves the two-pronged logic of elections and governing the country according to law.The"governing party--the people"link is an illustration of the party's mass line,which essentially involves social consultation.Consultative democracy usually includes the political consultation in the"governing party---consultative conferences"link and the social consultation in the"governing party--the people"link in the chain,both of which are connected through the system of people's congresses.This logically determines the inner relations between the Party's leadership,consultative democracy and the people's congress form of representative democracy and shapes the institutionalization of consultative democracy.That is,in the process of democratic decision-making,a circular system consisting of"political consultation--legislative consultation--social consultation"is created to guide development of the actual system.展开更多
Contemporary China needs to change from a Western to a Chinese-style governance discourse so as to form and explore a consultative governance discourse with Chinese characteristics. This is profoundly evident in the f...Contemporary China needs to change from a Western to a Chinese-style governance discourse so as to form and explore a consultative governance discourse with Chinese characteristics. This is profoundly evident in the following: the Marxist philosophy of the state is the theoretical premise of contemporary China's consultative governance; traditional Chinese thought on governance and practice are the soil in which contemporary Chinese consultative govemance grows; socialism with Chinese characteristics is the realm in which contemporary Chinese consultative governance exists; the masses under the leadership of the CPC are the necessary subjects of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; and the target of contemporary Chinese consultative governance is a multi-layered and diverse existence. Realization of national governance through consultative democracy is the basic form of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; the balanced development ofpublic, collective and individual interests is the basic objective of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; the basic principles of contemporary Chinese consultative governance are equality, inclusiveness and peace; and the criteria for assessing contemporary Chinese consultative governance are authority, consensus, institutions and the rule of law. Guided by the Marxist view of the state, rooted in the tradition of China's fine political culture, and founded on the theoretical and practical claims of socialism with Chinese characteristics, socialist consultative governance with Chinese characteristics constitutes the Chinese form of contemporary governance theory.展开更多
The City of Calgary’s Nose Creek Sanitary Sewer Trunk Phase B project has been constructed over several years to accommodate future population growth and open more developable lands in northern Calgary.The project wa...The City of Calgary’s Nose Creek Sanitary Sewer Trunk Phase B project has been constructed over several years to accommodate future population growth and open more developable lands in northern Calgary.The project was divided into three phases,Phase A,B,and C,with each phase delivered by a separate consultant.Phase A was the downstream section of this project and was undertaken by Stantec Consulting.Phase B was the upstream section designed by CH2MHILL(now Jacobs)and further divided into different contracts(1 through 5).Phase C was a separate sewer called the Saddleridge Trunk sewer and this was designed by Associated Engineering.This paper covers Phase B,Contract 4,which had several unique challenges and included many innovative design and procurement solutions.One procurement strategy included a two-phase qualification package,with the initial phase to select a tunnelling contractor with the experience to deliver technical installations under rail and creeks,and the second phase,a RFP(request for proposal),to select a general contractor,with broader experience in open-cut and stormwater drainage,which were other aspects included within the project.This approach ensured that The City had the most qualified team available to complete the project.Technical challenges discussed in this paper include an oblique CPKC(Canadian Pacific Kansas City)rail and Nose Creek crossing that required independent review,and CFD(computational fluid dynamics)and hydrogen sulfide modelling to confirm conditions within the trunk sewer.展开更多
The aim of this study is to explore and summarize the development trajectory,current research landscape,and emerging trends of medication consultation in China,providing a valuable reference for future investigations ...The aim of this study is to explore and summarize the development trajectory,current research landscape,and emerging trends of medication consultation in China,providing a valuable reference for future investigations in this domain.Relevant articles on medication consultation were systematically collected,and bibliometric software such as CiteSpace 6.4R1 was employed to analyze author and institutional collaborations,keyword co-occurrence,clustering,and emerging trends.This approach helped elucidate key themes and hot topics in the field.A total of 1267 articles were included,with the peak number of publications recorded in 2011,followed by a steady decline in subsequent years.The most prolific author was Zhen Jiancun,contributing eight publications,while the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University emerged as the leading institution with 11 publications.High-frequency identified keywords included medication consultation,rational drug use,pharmaceutical services,clinical pharmacists,and outpatient pharmacies.Cluster analysis revealed 12 significant themes,while emergent analysis highlighted that recent research hotspots centered on the Pareto chart,pregnancy,and traditional Chinese patent medicine.As a critical aspect of pharmaceutical services,the practice of medication consultation in China requires further advancement,with a particular need for enhanced collaboration among researchers and institutions.Moving forward,expanding the scope of medication consultation,improving the quality of related research,and fostering cross-regional collaboration among teams with diverse research focuses will be essential in deepening and broadening this field of study.展开更多
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)can affect multiple organs or systems.The involvement of the central nervous system can result in the manifestation of epilepsy,an acute confusional state,and other rare neu...BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)can affect multiple organs or systems.The involvement of the central nervous system can result in the manifestation of epilepsy,an acute confusional state,and other rare neuropsychiatric presentations,such as catatonia.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of an adolescent male patient with first-onset SLE who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms including epilepsy and delirium.The initial utilization of olanzapine to alleviate symptoms of agitation precipitated the emergence of catatonia,which was mitigated by discontinuing olanzapine and supplementing with lorazepam.In this case,whether the catatonia was secondary to the utilization of antipsychotics or to an organic disease is a question that warrants differential diagnosis.CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary collaborative management is the cornerstone for the successful management of severe cases of SLE.展开更多
A seasoned business consultant’s insightful reflection on two decades of navigating China’s dynamic market.TWENTY years ago,when the Spain-China Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement was signed,few could hav...A seasoned business consultant’s insightful reflection on two decades of navigating China’s dynamic market.TWENTY years ago,when the Spain-China Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement was signed,few could have foreseen the profound transformation that this bilateral relationship would undergo.展开更多
The rapid development and increasing popularity of smartphones have led to their gradual integration as essential aids in medical examinations and teaching tools.The smartphone ophthalmoscope(SO)is one of them.Specifi...The rapid development and increasing popularity of smartphones have led to their gradual integration as essential aids in medical examinations and teaching tools.The smartphone ophthalmoscope(SO)is one of them.Specifically,SO is comprised of a smartphone and an attachment.The smartphone serves as a versatile device for recording and transmitting information,while the attachment functions as a tool for phone fixation as well as focus adjustment and providing light resources,albeit with slight variations across different devices.Presently,the convenience,universality,and transferability of SO have greatly expanded its potential in fields of clinical practice and ocular teaching.The review provides a concise overview of the contemporary SO devices,elucidates the diseases amenable to assessment via SO,and outlines the various applications of SO in clinical practice and teaching.展开更多
Despite government incentives,developers are reluctant to invest in green building initiatives due to their perceived extra costs-in particular additional consultant and construction implementation costs.This paper ex...Despite government incentives,developers are reluctant to invest in green building initiatives due to their perceived extra costs-in particular additional consultant and construction implementation costs.This paper examines the issues preventing the integration of Green Building Index(GBI)consultancy with residential building development in the Malaysian construction industry.Following a literature review of the challenges involving GBI consultancy at the early stage of green residential development,a semi-structured interview method was used to elicit opinion on perceived barriers to integrating the GBI process from 30 interviewees;mainly developers,GBI consultants,building consultants and regulators in the Malaysian construction industry with involvement in green building.The study found that a lack of communication between design team members and GBI consultants was a major barrier.This reduced the opportunity for a more collaborative effort to minimise costs and wastage during the design stages.Lack of insight into the impact of integrating the GBI consultancy into design process within the project time frames was evident.Effective coordination is necessary if the involvement of GBI consultants,particularly at early design stage,is to be successfully managed.It is recommended that work coordination among design team members and GBI consultants needs periodic review.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fandation of China (6067208960772075)
文摘In consultative committee for space data systems（CCSDS） file delivery protocol（CFDP） recommendation of reliable transmission,there are no detail transmission procedure and delay calculation of prompted negative acknowledge and asynchronous negative acknowledge models.CFDP is designed to provide data and storage management,story and forward,custody transfer and reliable end-to-end delivery over deep space characterized by huge latency,intermittent link,asymmetric bandwidth and big bit error rate（BER）.Four reliable transmission models are analyzed and an expected file-delivery time is calculated with different trans-mission rates,numbers and sizes of packet data units,BERs and frequencies of external events,etc.By comparison of four CFDP models,the requirement of BER for typical missions in deep space is obtained and rules of choosing CFDP models under different uplink state informations are given,which provides references for protocol models selection,utilization and modification.
基金Supported by Key Projects of Hunan Department of Education(19A516)。
文摘As a new way of governance,deliberative democracy has an inherent compatibility with river basin water environment governance.Consultative governance of river basin water environment is an important way to build an ecological civilization in the river basin.It involves three different levels of government-level democratic coordination,government-enterprise-society consultation and cooperation,and independent consultation between citizens and their governance mechanisms.To realize the consultative governance of river basin water environment,the concept and system construction of consultative governance should be incorporated into the system and mechanism construction of river basin water environment administration.
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world.The press conference in the“two sessions”likes an important window to show China’s policies and claims to the world.Meanwhile,the premier who answers questions in the press conference,respectively,shows the world the eloquence and polite manners of China’s premier,such as Premier Wen Jiabao and Premier Li Keqiang.Their astute response,excellent,and emotional expression makes a deep impression on audiences.Moreover,as a bridge between the speaker and the listeners,the interpretation once is incorrect will cause some mistakes even conflicts.Therefore,the interpreter plays a most important role in the press conference.How to improve the interpretation level in the press conference is a significant topic.The thesis mainly introduces the content of press conference interpreting from 2012 to 2014.At present,the practical study of press conference interpretation is far from enough.The last part gives the summary of the study and points out the main findings for the further study.
文摘The influence applied by the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in promoting the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle cannot be ignored.At present,the Sichuan Committee of CPPCC and Chongqing Committee of CPPCC are actively participating in the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle by building collaborative platforms,conducting joint consultations,and holding consultations on special issues.From three aspects,namely the unique advantages of the CPPCC,the fact that full consultation between CPPCCs in different regions is conducive to coordinating the interests of local governments of the same level,and that fact that it is also conducive to promoting inter-governmental cooperation,this article elaborates on the necessity of the contribution of the CPPCC in promoting the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and discusses four paths for the CPPCC’s promotion of the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle:Strengthening the Communist Party of China’s leadership over the political consultation work of the CPPCC,using the CPPCC to consolidate the consensus of“a Sichuan-Chongqing close family,”innovating the form,content,and objects of democratic supervision,and building the information exchange mechanisms between the CPPCCs of Sichuan and Chongqing.
文摘The serious degradation of the ecological environment and the rapid expansion of stone desert have had a serious effect on the economic development of karst and rock-naked mountain areas in Southwest China. Moreover, these areas are still at the initial stage of industrialization, characterized by a greater significance of agriculture to the economy, face sharp contradictions among the population, the arable land and resources, and are suffering because of a shortage of investment. On the basis of this current situation, three recommendations are made in this article: "coordinating the relations among grain, ecology, population and economic development", "increasing the input of science and technology", and "adopting policies consistent with social equity in areas of poverty".
基金Funding to support this consultative meeting was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144053,41661144022)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(121311KYSB201700).
文摘In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This paper details the first African meeting of the G-DEP.Consultative meeting reviewed preceding dryland ecosystems case studies,identified vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions,and proposed sustainable solutions to problems.It also identified the successes and failures of previous attempts to improve vulnerable ecosystems and ultimately formed an action plan to improve these attempts.Climate,ecosystems,and livelihoods for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),Great Green Wall Initiative(GGWI)for Sahara and Sahel,and China-Africa cooperation on science,technology,and innovation are three extra main sections concerned of the meeting.Separately,more specific topics as the complicated relationship between these natural processes and human activity,including pastoralism,soil restoration,and vegetation regenerate techniques,were fully discussed.Consultative meeting also identified the positive effects international collaboration can have on dryland regions,specifically in the capacity of sharing information,technology,and innovation on purpose to develop a joint proposal for long-term research programs in African arid and semi-arid areas.Moreover,meetings that review the progress made on ecosystem management for the sustainable livelihoods in Africa,identification of priority areas,and the development and implementation of ecosystem programs for proper research and collaboration in African arid and semi-arid zones,have been proposed as strategic recommendations to enhance the global partnership for sustainable development.Furthermore,as the outcomes of the workshop,there are three steps proposed to handle African dryland climate changes,several aspects suggested to solve current dilemmas of the GGWI,and a series of actions recommended for G-DEP related activities in Africa.
文摘During the National People's Congress(NPC)and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in 2025,ESG-related issues have received widespread attention.Several NPC deputies and CPPCC members have put forward suggestions on ESG policies,green finance,corporate ESG practices and other topics,aiming to promote China's ESG development to a new stage.
文摘An annual event in March in China is the Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).The SPOTLIGHT column of the issue displays the speech highlights of Luo Wen,SAMR Minister,and the insights into standards of representatives during the meetings.
文摘CCPIT The 2025 Business Forum of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Held in Beijing On July 17,the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)held its Business Forum in Beijing.Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)and Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce,Gao Yunlong,attended and addressed the opening ceremony.
文摘The annual Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC),were held in Beijing from March 4 to 11,2025.This year’s meetings raised considerable concern as the year 2025 is the final year for implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025),which is decisive for making the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030),and also very important for further deepening reform comprehensively.
文摘The rule of law in China should be advanced under a systems framework. The systems framework on which the Chinese rule of law relies is shaped by the socialist democratic system. Socialist consultative democracy, which responds to the core themes of the determinant of socialism, Party leadership, the democratic tradition of New China and native resources for constructing the rule of law, is an important resource for constructing the rule of law in China. In a constitutional system of＂ruling Party--political power--the people＂ that takes the sovereignty of the people as the logic of its starting point, consultative democracy plays the role of functional coupling. Popular sovereignty gains political legitimacy on the basis of multi- party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, thus translating the will of the ruling Party into the will of the state. Consultative democracy constitutes an essential process in national decision-making, affording a basis for the construction of the inherent logical sequence of ＂ruling Party--Consultative Conference--People＇s Congress.＂ The democratic supervision exercised by the Consultative Conference is an extension of political consultation; from it unfolds the systems framework of the rule of law in China.
基金the result of a major project of the Central Marxist Theoretical Research and Development Projectthe National Social Science Foundation,"Comprehensively Promote Governance of the Country in Accordance with the Law"(2015MZD042)a major project of the National Social Science Foundation(14DC027
文摘The logical sequence of China's state governance is"governing party--consultative conferences--people's congresses--the people."The"governing party--consultative conferences"link in the chain involves political consultation through people's consultative conferences.The"governing party--consultative conferences--people's congresses"link involves a process of obtaining legitimacy for the Party's views based on political consultations which are then translated into the national will by the system of people's congresses.The"people's congresses--the people"link involves the two-pronged logic of elections and governing the country according to law.The"governing party--the people"link is an illustration of the party's mass line,which essentially involves social consultation.Consultative democracy usually includes the political consultation in the"governing party---consultative conferences"link and the social consultation in the"governing party--the people"link in the chain,both of which are connected through the system of people's congresses.This logically determines the inner relations between the Party's leadership,consultative democracy and the people's congress form of representative democracy and shapes the institutionalization of consultative democracy.That is,in the process of democratic decision-making,a circular system consisting of"political consultation--legislative consultation--social consultation"is created to guide development of the actual system.
基金This article is one of the research fruits of "Research on the Theoretical Trends of Academic Thought and Strategies in Ideological Construction," a key project of the National Social Science Fund of China (15AKS014)of"Research on the Theory and Practice of Socialist Consultative Democracy," a major project of Jiangsu Social Science Foundation (13A002). Both projects are presided over by Wang Yan.
文摘Contemporary China needs to change from a Western to a Chinese-style governance discourse so as to form and explore a consultative governance discourse with Chinese characteristics. This is profoundly evident in the following: the Marxist philosophy of the state is the theoretical premise of contemporary China's consultative governance; traditional Chinese thought on governance and practice are the soil in which contemporary Chinese consultative govemance grows; socialism with Chinese characteristics is the realm in which contemporary Chinese consultative governance exists; the masses under the leadership of the CPC are the necessary subjects of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; and the target of contemporary Chinese consultative governance is a multi-layered and diverse existence. Realization of national governance through consultative democracy is the basic form of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; the balanced development ofpublic, collective and individual interests is the basic objective of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; the basic principles of contemporary Chinese consultative governance are equality, inclusiveness and peace; and the criteria for assessing contemporary Chinese consultative governance are authority, consensus, institutions and the rule of law. Guided by the Marxist view of the state, rooted in the tradition of China's fine political culture, and founded on the theoretical and practical claims of socialism with Chinese characteristics, socialist consultative governance with Chinese characteristics constitutes the Chinese form of contemporary governance theory.
文摘The City of Calgary’s Nose Creek Sanitary Sewer Trunk Phase B project has been constructed over several years to accommodate future population growth and open more developable lands in northern Calgary.The project was divided into three phases,Phase A,B,and C,with each phase delivered by a separate consultant.Phase A was the downstream section of this project and was undertaken by Stantec Consulting.Phase B was the upstream section designed by CH2MHILL(now Jacobs)and further divided into different contracts(1 through 5).Phase C was a separate sewer called the Saddleridge Trunk sewer and this was designed by Associated Engineering.This paper covers Phase B,Contract 4,which had several unique challenges and included many innovative design and procurement solutions.One procurement strategy included a two-phase qualification package,with the initial phase to select a tunnelling contractor with the experience to deliver technical installations under rail and creeks,and the second phase,a RFP(request for proposal),to select a general contractor,with broader experience in open-cut and stormwater drainage,which were other aspects included within the project.This approach ensured that The City had the most qualified team available to complete the project.Technical challenges discussed in this paper include an oblique CPKC(Canadian Pacific Kansas City)rail and Nose Creek crossing that required independent review,and CFD(computational fluid dynamics)and hydrogen sulfide modelling to confirm conditions within the trunk sewer.
文摘The aim of this study is to explore and summarize the development trajectory,current research landscape,and emerging trends of medication consultation in China,providing a valuable reference for future investigations in this domain.Relevant articles on medication consultation were systematically collected,and bibliometric software such as CiteSpace 6.4R1 was employed to analyze author and institutional collaborations,keyword co-occurrence,clustering,and emerging trends.This approach helped elucidate key themes and hot topics in the field.A total of 1267 articles were included,with the peak number of publications recorded in 2011,followed by a steady decline in subsequent years.The most prolific author was Zhen Jiancun,contributing eight publications,while the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University emerged as the leading institution with 11 publications.High-frequency identified keywords included medication consultation,rational drug use,pharmaceutical services,clinical pharmacists,and outpatient pharmacies.Cluster analysis revealed 12 significant themes,while emergent analysis highlighted that recent research hotspots centered on the Pareto chart,pregnancy,and traditional Chinese patent medicine.As a critical aspect of pharmaceutical services,the practice of medication consultation in China requires further advancement,with a particular need for enhanced collaboration among researchers and institutions.Moving forward,expanding the scope of medication consultation,improving the quality of related research,and fostering cross-regional collaboration among teams with diverse research focuses will be essential in deepening and broadening this field of study.
基金Supported by STI2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0202001Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH 2022-2-4012.
文摘BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)can affect multiple organs or systems.The involvement of the central nervous system can result in the manifestation of epilepsy,an acute confusional state,and other rare neuropsychiatric presentations,such as catatonia.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of an adolescent male patient with first-onset SLE who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms including epilepsy and delirium.The initial utilization of olanzapine to alleviate symptoms of agitation precipitated the emergence of catatonia,which was mitigated by discontinuing olanzapine and supplementing with lorazepam.In this case,whether the catatonia was secondary to the utilization of antipsychotics or to an organic disease is a question that warrants differential diagnosis.CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary collaborative management is the cornerstone for the successful management of severe cases of SLE.
文摘A seasoned business consultant’s insightful reflection on two decades of navigating China’s dynamic market.TWENTY years ago,when the Spain-China Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement was signed,few could have foreseen the profound transformation that this bilateral relationship would undergo.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600757)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2021JJ40880)the Health Commission Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.D202307027020).
文摘The rapid development and increasing popularity of smartphones have led to their gradual integration as essential aids in medical examinations and teaching tools.The smartphone ophthalmoscope(SO)is one of them.Specifically,SO is comprised of a smartphone and an attachment.The smartphone serves as a versatile device for recording and transmitting information,while the attachment functions as a tool for phone fixation as well as focus adjustment and providing light resources,albeit with slight variations across different devices.Presently,the convenience,universality,and transferability of SO have greatly expanded its potential in fields of clinical practice and ocular teaching.The review provides a concise overview of the contemporary SO devices,elucidates the diseases amenable to assessment via SO,and outlines the various applications of SO in clinical practice and teaching.
文摘Despite government incentives,developers are reluctant to invest in green building initiatives due to their perceived extra costs-in particular additional consultant and construction implementation costs.This paper examines the issues preventing the integration of Green Building Index(GBI)consultancy with residential building development in the Malaysian construction industry.Following a literature review of the challenges involving GBI consultancy at the early stage of green residential development,a semi-structured interview method was used to elicit opinion on perceived barriers to integrating the GBI process from 30 interviewees;mainly developers,GBI consultants,building consultants and regulators in the Malaysian construction industry with involvement in green building.The study found that a lack of communication between design team members and GBI consultants was a major barrier.This reduced the opportunity for a more collaborative effort to minimise costs and wastage during the design stages.Lack of insight into the impact of integrating the GBI consultancy into design process within the project time frames was evident.Effective coordination is necessary if the involvement of GBI consultants,particularly at early design stage,is to be successfully managed.It is recommended that work coordination among design team members and GBI consultants needs periodic review.
