Firedamp and coal dust explosion constitute a lion’s share in mine accidents in a global mining scenario.This paper reports a list of mine explosion disasters since last two decades,a critical review of the different...Firedamp and coal dust explosion constitute a lion’s share in mine accidents in a global mining scenario.This paper reports a list of mine explosion disasters since last two decades,a critical review of the different prevention and constructive measures,and its recent development to avoid firedamp and coal dust explosion.Preventive legislation in core coal-producing countries,viz.China,USA,Australia,South Africa,and India related to firedamp and coal dust explosion are critically analysed.Accidents occurred due to explosion after Nationalisation of Coal Mines(1973)in India are listed.Prevention and constructive measures adopted in India are critically analysed with respect to the global mining scenario.Measures like methane credit concept,classification of mines/seams with respect to explosion risk zone,deflagration index;installation of automatic fire warning devices,canopy air curtain technology,explosion-prevention measures,such as fire-retardant materials,inhibitors,extinguishing agent,dust suppressor,and active explosion barrier are discussed in detail to avoid explosion and thereby adhering to zero accident policy due to coal mine explosion.展开更多
Meteorological conditions have a very important impact on the development of construction projects.In order to assist project site managers to quickly and accurately deal with the engineering risks brought by meteorol...Meteorological conditions have a very important impact on the development of construction projects.In order to assist project site managers to quickly and accurately deal with the engineering risks brought by meteorological conditions,meteorological risk assessment indicators for civil construction are established based on the actual impact of different meteorological conditions on each sub-project of civil engineering.A meteorological intelligent management system is created,and it will select reasonable countermeasures from the integrated existing database and push them to on-site construction managers based on meteorological risk assessment indicators.Through the pre-set construction log module,the managers can give feedback on the application effect of the pushed measures,and achieve the effect of construction data collection,correction and expansion of the existing database.展开更多
The flood prevention and mitigation construction of a reservoir is carried out in a river channel, which is greatly affected by flood. According to the construction schedule, the annual flood standard of 5-year flood ...The flood prevention and mitigation construction of a reservoir is carried out in a river channel, which is greatly affected by flood. According to the construction schedule, the annual flood standard of 5-year flood diversion is selected at the initial stage. The corresponding peak flow is 109m3/s, and cofferdam is used to retain water and open diversion channel is flooded. Before the flood season, the upstream cofferdam must reach the elevation of 1043.70 m to reach the flood control standard, and the diversion open channel must reach the flood discharge condition. Therefore, the height of the cofferdam should be raised and drainage measures should be taken to prevent the flood control system of the waterway from being ineffective when the flood disaster occurs. Because the rainy season at the location of the reservoir is long and the rainfall is very abundant, especially the occasional local rainstorm occurs frequently. At the same time, the area is mostly high mountain area and the planting vegetation is difficult to completely resist the rainy season in the area. Therefore, the local rainstorm should be analyzed and the flood control plan should be formulated to avoid the impact of natural disasters such as mud-rock flow and other natural disasters affecting the construction progress and operation. The main content of this paper is how to reduce the flood disaster in flood season and provide some methods for the construction work in flood season.展开更多
With the rapid development of society, there are more and more municipal engineering construction projects, which also put forward higher requirements for the speed of urban construction. The rapid development of citi...With the rapid development of society, there are more and more municipal engineering construction projects, which also put forward higher requirements for the speed of urban construction. The rapid development of cities will often produce many pollution problems. In order to improve this bad situation in our country, construction units are required to properly deal with factors that have adverse impact on the environment, such as dust, waste gas and wastewater. The construction party shall design a green construction plan with environmental protection as the major premise based on the actual conditions of the construction site and the surrounding environment, so as to effectively solve the pollution problems of various degrees. This paper will clarify the significance of environmental protection construction and its construction measures in order to contribute to the construction of a green city.展开更多
In the construction of construction projects, civil engineering, electrical, fire protection and other aspects are often involved, including heating and ventilation construction projects. The effective construction of...In the construction of construction projects, civil engineering, electrical, fire protection and other aspects are often involved, including heating and ventilation construction projects. The effective construction of this construction project can improve the living quality of the residents. Therefore, the relevant construction units should adopt scientific and reasonable construction technology to guarantee the construction quality in combination with the actual situation and specific needs when carrying out the construction of heating and ventilation.展开更多
Under the new form, the process of urbanization has been greatly promoted, and the number of modern buildings is gradually increasing. In order to better meet the requirements of contemporary society for building qual...Under the new form, the process of urbanization has been greatly promoted, and the number of modern buildings is gradually increasing. In order to better meet the requirements of contemporary society for building quality, construction enterprises must pay more attention to the external wall of buildings, and can rely on the actual situation of the project, strengthen the use of external wall insulation construction technology, improve the construction quality, so that all kinds of problems can be well avoided. In view of this, this paper analyzes the construction technology and measures of building external wall insulation, in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.展开更多
China must accomplish two tasks on human rights:domestically,it must continue its efforts for healthy development of human rights based past achievements;internationally,it must strengthen exchange and cooperation on ...China must accomplish two tasks on human rights:domestically,it must continue its efforts for healthy development of human rights based past achievements;internationally,it must strengthen exchange and cooperation on human rights issues with the international community,contribute to the building of a reasonable international human展开更多
The inauguration of the National Registration and creditation Scheme （NRAS） in July 2012 marked a significant milestone in the history of Chinese medicine （CM） in Australia. Although it has been a recent achieveme...The inauguration of the National Registration and creditation Scheme （NRAS） in July 2012 marked a significant milestone in the history of Chinese medicine （CM） in Australia. Although it has been a recent achievement, it has been made possible because of the hard work and dedication of many individuals and organizations over the past years1 The positive impacts experienced throughout the legislative process have grown within economics, education, and culture. However, it is important to note that there are problems concerning CM education, standardization and scientization, and CM products themselves, which will impede further development of CM worldwide. To address these problems, in this paper, we put forward eight constructive suggestions from both government and pharmaceutical corporations＇ points of view, and firmly states that a convergence between CM and mainstream medicines will greatly benefit human healthcare in the foreseeable future.展开更多
1 Background As the basic principle of the world economy,environment,and social development,sustainable development is the focus of the international community today.In the Olympic Agenda 2020 published by the Interna...1 Background As the basic principle of the world economy,environment,and social development,sustainable development is the focus of the international community today.In the Olympic Agenda 2020 published by the International Olympic Committee(IOC),sustainable development was officially listed as one of the core concepts of the Olympic Games.Since the beginning of the bid,the concept of ctathlete-centered,sustainable and economical”was proposed,which was highly consistent with the idea of the Olympic Agenda 2020.To implement the concept of holding“green”Olympic Games and meet the sustainability requirements of the IOC,the Organizing Committee of Beijing Winter Olympic Games issued a series of documents related to the sustainability of sports venues such as Sustainability Policies for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games,and strived to realize the sustainable development of sports venues in the whole life cycle of planning and design stage,construction stage,operation stage,and post-game utilization.展开更多
The Great Silk Road is a trade route linking the East and West which gave impetus to the development of ancient society, and Kazakhstan is the heart of the trade route. At the initial stage, intensive transaction of g...The Great Silk Road is a trade route linking the East and West which gave impetus to the development of ancient society, and Kazakhstan is the heart of the trade route. At the initial stage, intensive transaction of goods took place between the West and East through The Great Silk Road. This paper reviewed the history of development of the Silk Road and suggested that today to construct the ＂New Silk Road＂, Kazakhstan should face many issues, and take many steps to become a Eurasian hub through taking full of advantages. Above all, developing mechanisms of integration and sustainable development is our urgent need.展开更多
The Grain for Green Program and soil and water conservation engineering initiatives are crucial for controlling erosion in steep-slope agriculture.However,it is still unclear how these two management methods should be...The Grain for Green Program and soil and water conservation engineering initiatives are crucial for controlling erosion in steep-slope agriculture.However,it is still unclear how these two management methods should be carried out in respect to the situation in mountainous areas.Therefore,taking a typical mountainous area in southwest China as an example,we simulated six scenarios in order to compare the food provisioning service(FPS)and soil conservation service of the Grain for Green Program(converting to grassland)and Construction Measures(converting to sloping terrace)under different slopes.Results showed that when farmland with a>25°slope was converted into grassland,the amount of soil erosion(M)decreased by 21.0%,while FPS decreased by only 0.7%.However,when farmland with a>25°slope was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 31.3%while FPS increased by 18.7%.With the increases of farmland slope ranges in the Construction Measures scenario,M gradually decreased and FPS gradually increased.Particularly when farmland>15°was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 63.9%and FPS increased by 52.7%.Furthermore,the trade-offs of Construction Measures are lower than that of Grain for Green on different slope ranges.Therefore,we conclude that Construction Measures are a more suitable method in mountainous areas than the Grain for Green,and we suggest that further research be conducted to consider the ecological risks of construction engineering measures.展开更多
基金The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Coal,Government of India(No.CIL/R&D/01/60/2016)for financial support。
文摘Firedamp and coal dust explosion constitute a lion’s share in mine accidents in a global mining scenario.This paper reports a list of mine explosion disasters since last two decades,a critical review of the different prevention and constructive measures,and its recent development to avoid firedamp and coal dust explosion.Preventive legislation in core coal-producing countries,viz.China,USA,Australia,South Africa,and India related to firedamp and coal dust explosion are critically analysed.Accidents occurred due to explosion after Nationalisation of Coal Mines(1973)in India are listed.Prevention and constructive measures adopted in India are critically analysed with respect to the global mining scenario.Measures like methane credit concept,classification of mines/seams with respect to explosion risk zone,deflagration index;installation of automatic fire warning devices,canopy air curtain technology,explosion-prevention measures,such as fire-retardant materials,inhibitors,extinguishing agent,dust suppressor,and active explosion barrier are discussed in detail to avoid explosion and thereby adhering to zero accident policy due to coal mine explosion.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Scientific and Technological Commission(19DZ1201403)Rising-Star Program of"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"of Shanghai City in 2021(21QB1403200).
文摘Meteorological conditions have a very important impact on the development of construction projects.In order to assist project site managers to quickly and accurately deal with the engineering risks brought by meteorological conditions,meteorological risk assessment indicators for civil construction are established based on the actual impact of different meteorological conditions on each sub-project of civil engineering.A meteorological intelligent management system is created,and it will select reasonable countermeasures from the integrated existing database and push them to on-site construction managers based on meteorological risk assessment indicators.Through the pre-set construction log module,the managers can give feedback on the application effect of the pushed measures,and achieve the effect of construction data collection,correction and expansion of the existing database.
文摘The flood prevention and mitigation construction of a reservoir is carried out in a river channel, which is greatly affected by flood. According to the construction schedule, the annual flood standard of 5-year flood diversion is selected at the initial stage. The corresponding peak flow is 109m3/s, and cofferdam is used to retain water and open diversion channel is flooded. Before the flood season, the upstream cofferdam must reach the elevation of 1043.70 m to reach the flood control standard, and the diversion open channel must reach the flood discharge condition. Therefore, the height of the cofferdam should be raised and drainage measures should be taken to prevent the flood control system of the waterway from being ineffective when the flood disaster occurs. Because the rainy season at the location of the reservoir is long and the rainfall is very abundant, especially the occasional local rainstorm occurs frequently. At the same time, the area is mostly high mountain area and the planting vegetation is difficult to completely resist the rainy season in the area. Therefore, the local rainstorm should be analyzed and the flood control plan should be formulated to avoid the impact of natural disasters such as mud-rock flow and other natural disasters affecting the construction progress and operation. The main content of this paper is how to reduce the flood disaster in flood season and provide some methods for the construction work in flood season.
文摘With the rapid development of society, there are more and more municipal engineering construction projects, which also put forward higher requirements for the speed of urban construction. The rapid development of cities will often produce many pollution problems. In order to improve this bad situation in our country, construction units are required to properly deal with factors that have adverse impact on the environment, such as dust, waste gas and wastewater. The construction party shall design a green construction plan with environmental protection as the major premise based on the actual conditions of the construction site and the surrounding environment, so as to effectively solve the pollution problems of various degrees. This paper will clarify the significance of environmental protection construction and its construction measures in order to contribute to the construction of a green city.
文摘In the construction of construction projects, civil engineering, electrical, fire protection and other aspects are often involved, including heating and ventilation construction projects. The effective construction of this construction project can improve the living quality of the residents. Therefore, the relevant construction units should adopt scientific and reasonable construction technology to guarantee the construction quality in combination with the actual situation and specific needs when carrying out the construction of heating and ventilation.
文摘Under the new form, the process of urbanization has been greatly promoted, and the number of modern buildings is gradually increasing. In order to better meet the requirements of contemporary society for building quality, construction enterprises must pay more attention to the external wall of buildings, and can rely on the actual situation of the project, strengthen the use of external wall insulation construction technology, improve the construction quality, so that all kinds of problems can be well avoided. In view of this, this paper analyzes the construction technology and measures of building external wall insulation, in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.
文摘China must accomplish two tasks on human rights:domestically,it must continue its efforts for healthy development of human rights based past achievements;internationally,it must strengthen exchange and cooperation on human rights issues with the international community,contribute to the building of a reasonable international human
文摘The inauguration of the National Registration and creditation Scheme （NRAS） in July 2012 marked a significant milestone in the history of Chinese medicine （CM） in Australia. Although it has been a recent achievement, it has been made possible because of the hard work and dedication of many individuals and organizations over the past years1 The positive impacts experienced throughout the legislative process have grown within economics, education, and culture. However, it is important to note that there are problems concerning CM education, standardization and scientization, and CM products themselves, which will impede further development of CM worldwide. To address these problems, in this paper, we put forward eight constructive suggestions from both government and pharmaceutical corporations＇ points of view, and firmly states that a convergence between CM and mainstream medicines will greatly benefit human healthcare in the foreseeable future.
文摘1 Background As the basic principle of the world economy,environment,and social development,sustainable development is the focus of the international community today.In the Olympic Agenda 2020 published by the International Olympic Committee(IOC),sustainable development was officially listed as one of the core concepts of the Olympic Games.Since the beginning of the bid,the concept of ctathlete-centered,sustainable and economical”was proposed,which was highly consistent with the idea of the Olympic Agenda 2020.To implement the concept of holding“green”Olympic Games and meet the sustainability requirements of the IOC,the Organizing Committee of Beijing Winter Olympic Games issued a series of documents related to the sustainability of sports venues such as Sustainability Policies for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games,and strived to realize the sustainable development of sports venues in the whole life cycle of planning and design stage,construction stage,operation stage,and post-game utilization.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China and Russian Foundation for Basic Research(414110106515-56-53037)
文摘The Great Silk Road is a trade route linking the East and West which gave impetus to the development of ancient society, and Kazakhstan is the heart of the trade route. At the initial stage, intensive transaction of goods took place between the West and East through The Great Silk Road. This paper reviewed the history of development of the Silk Road and suggested that today to construct the ＂New Silk Road＂, Kazakhstan should face many issues, and take many steps to become a Eurasian hub through taking full of advantages. Above all, developing mechanisms of integration and sustainable development is our urgent need.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:U2002209,41867029)Distinguished Young Found Project of Yunnan Province(Grant number:202201AV070001)Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant number:2019QZKK0307).
文摘The Grain for Green Program and soil and water conservation engineering initiatives are crucial for controlling erosion in steep-slope agriculture.However,it is still unclear how these two management methods should be carried out in respect to the situation in mountainous areas.Therefore,taking a typical mountainous area in southwest China as an example,we simulated six scenarios in order to compare the food provisioning service(FPS)and soil conservation service of the Grain for Green Program(converting to grassland)and Construction Measures(converting to sloping terrace)under different slopes.Results showed that when farmland with a>25°slope was converted into grassland,the amount of soil erosion(M)decreased by 21.0%,while FPS decreased by only 0.7%.However,when farmland with a>25°slope was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 31.3%while FPS increased by 18.7%.With the increases of farmland slope ranges in the Construction Measures scenario,M gradually decreased and FPS gradually increased.Particularly when farmland>15°was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 63.9%and FPS increased by 52.7%.Furthermore,the trade-offs of Construction Measures are lower than that of Grain for Green on different slope ranges.Therefore,we conclude that Construction Measures are a more suitable method in mountainous areas than the Grain for Green,and we suggest that further research be conducted to consider the ecological risks of construction engineering measures.
