This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the a...This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.展开更多
From the perspective of the development of world-class universities,internationalization is an essential strategic choice and external feature,and also an inevitable choice to improve the discourse power and competiti...From the perspective of the development of world-class universities,internationalization is an essential strategic choice and external feature,and also an inevitable choice to improve the discourse power and competitiveness of international higher education.In line with the national“double first-class”international development strategy of higher education,based on the cultivation of students’overall quality,the improvement of teachers’professional ability,and the development of school’s improvement of quality and efficiency,we School of Software,Northwestern Polytechnical University,explore new ideas and new measures for the cultivation of international software engineering talents,build a set of international teaching resources construction system,to form a reference standard and scheme for the cultivation of international software engineering talents.At present,we have achieved excellent results.展开更多
The vibratory roller is a piece of vital construction machinery in the field of road construction.The unmanned vibratory roller efficiently utilizes the automated driving technology in the vehicle engineering field,wh...The vibratory roller is a piece of vital construction machinery in the field of road construction.The unmanned vibratory roller efficiently utilizes the automated driving technology in the vehicle engineering field,which is innovative for the unmanned road construction.This paper develops and implements the autonomous construction system for the unmanned vibratory roller.Not only does the roller have the function of remote-controlled driving,but it also has the capability of autonomous road construction.The overall system design uses the Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)as the kernel controller.It establishes the communication network through multiple Input/Output(I/O)modules,Recommended Standard 232(RS232)serial port,Controller Area Network(CAN)bus,and wireless networks to control the roller vehicle completely.The locating information is obtained through the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)satellite navigation equipment group to support the process of autonomous construction.According to the experimental results,the autonomous construction system can finally enable the roller to perform driving operations and construction independently,which was a significant step forward in engineering application.展开更多
Based on the field survey of dwellings in Tieqiong Village of Waerma Town in Aba County, northwest Tibetan area of Sichuan Province, this paper firstly introduced main characteristics of the construction system in the...Based on the field survey of dwellings in Tieqiong Village of Waerma Town in Aba County, northwest Tibetan area of Sichuan Province, this paper firstly introduced main characteristics of the construction system in the structure, materials and structural system, and analyzed changes in construction practices of various dwellings from traditional to modern time. Finally, it summarized characteristics of spontaneous evolution and research value of the construction system of dwellings in the northwest Tibetan area of Sichuan Province, with rammed earth wooden dwellings in upper and middle Aba areas as representatives.展开更多
Analyze the moral hazard issues in the construction agency system,and enumerate the performance of moral hazard.Deeply analyze the causes,start with strengthening supervision and perfecting incentive measures,eliminat...Analyze the moral hazard issues in the construction agency system,and enumerate the performance of moral hazard.Deeply analyze the causes,start with strengthening supervision and perfecting incentive measures,eliminate the impact of moral hazard,and give play to the advantages of agent construction.展开更多
Characterized by high consumption of natural resources and great generation of environmental impacts,civil construction becomes an important ally to the development of strategies for a more sustainable built environme...Characterized by high consumption of natural resources and great generation of environmental impacts,civil construction becomes an important ally to the development of strategies for a more sustainable built environment.In this context,this article aims to evaluate construction systems of social interest housing and point out their participation in relation to total impacts,in addition to indicating the environmental impacts embedded in the construction materials present in these systems.To this end,a case study was selected to apply Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology and assess impacts of the building materials used in a house of a social housing complex.LCA was applied to masonry,roof,coatings and floor systems.The scope adopted assesses impacts incorporated in construction materials,analyzing the stages of raw material extraction,materials production,transport to construction site,maintenance and materials replacement.Concerning life cycle inventory,Ecoinvent 3.6 database was used and environmental impacts were calculated using CML method with the aid of OpenLCA 1.9 software.In general,results showed that the maintenance phase has the greatest environmental impact participation related to analyzed systems.Furthermore,it was possible to conclude that coatings and masonry systems were the ones that most added to total environmental impacts.展开更多
In the process of Chinas urban modernization, the design and construction of green ecological dikes must be strengthened. When carrying out ecological dam planning, we should fully consider its impact on the ecologica...In the process of Chinas urban modernization, the design and construction of green ecological dikes must be strengthened. When carrying out ecological dam planning, we should fully consider its impact on the ecological environment and formulate scientific, coordinated and reasonable green ecological dam planning. At the present stage of development, attention should be paid to the design and ecological protection of embankments, making full use of their design functions, and strictly designing and constructing to improve their design functions. The application of the concept of green ecological embankment construction in water conservancy projects can not only enhance the flood control capacity of river courses, but also fundamentally realize comprehensive and comprehensive planning, pay more attention to the ecological management of rivers, and finally realize the coordinated development of human, river and natural environment. This paper briefly discusses the design and construction technology of improving the green ecological embankment of water conservancy projects, analyzes the existing problems, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures on how to improve its permeability, quality and ecological environment.展开更多
Against the backdrop of continuous social development and growing public health demands,the efficiency and scientific nature of the emergency care system are of paramount importance.This paper focuses on researching t...Against the backdrop of continuous social development and growing public health demands,the efficiency and scientific nature of the emergency care system are of paramount importance.This paper focuses on researching the construction of an emergency care system based on the concept of“linkage”,delving into its theoretical foundations,exploring innovative construction models,and analyzing practical cases.The study indicates that an emergency care system under the“linkage”concept can effectively integrate resources and enhance efficiency,providing new insights for improving the construction of the emergency care system.It aims to promote the development of the emergency care system towards a more scientific,efficient,and collaborative direction.展开更多
With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an import...With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an important criterion for measuring the quality of business environment.This article is intended to explore the current status of intellectual property system construction in China,the challenges,and its relationship with the business environment,to propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The study finds that the legal system of intellectual property in China is gradually improving,and judicial and administrative protection are continuously strengthened.However,the challenges still remain such as frequent infringements,rights hard to protect and insufficient international cooperation.These issues not only affect the legitimate rights and interests of innovation entities,but also for the market fairness and the level of the business environment.Therefore,this article proposes that strengthening the perfection of the intellectual property legal system,enhancing intellectual property services and support capabilities,strengthening international cooperation and exchanges,and accelerating the cultivation of composite talents.It aims to provide theoretical references for the construction of intellectual property system and the optimization of the business environment,promote the high-quality development of economy and enhance the global competitiveness of the country.展开更多
The integration of Human-Robot Collaboration(HRC)into Virtual Reality(VR)technology is transforming industries by enhancing workforce skills,improving safety,and optimizing operational processes and efficiency through...The integration of Human-Robot Collaboration(HRC)into Virtual Reality(VR)technology is transforming industries by enhancing workforce skills,improving safety,and optimizing operational processes and efficiency through realistic simulations of industry-specific scenarios.Despite the growing adoption of VR integrated with HRC,comprehensive reviews of current research in HRC-VR within the construction and manufacturing fields are lacking.This review examines the latest advances in designing and implementing HRC using VR technology in these industries.The aim is to address the application domains of HRC-VR,types of robots used,VR setups,and software solutions used.To achieve this,a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology was conducted on the Web of Science and Google Scholar databases,analyzing 383 articles and selecting 53 papers that met the established selection criteria.The findings emphasize a significant focus on enhancing human-robot interaction with a trend toward using immersive VR experiences and interactive 3D content creation tools.However,the integration of HRC with VR,especially in the dynamic construction environment,presents unique challenges and opportunities for future research,including developing more realistic simulations and adaptable robot systems.This paper offers insights for researchers,practitioners,educators,industry professionals,and policymakers interested in leveraging the integration of HRC with VR in construction and manufacturing industries.展开更多
New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed...New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed to expand investment and construction models by promoting the deployment of energy-storage facilities through the ways of self-construction,leasing,and purchasing,and to encourage the development of the shared energy-storage.However,the current scarcity in the model of the shared energy-storage invest-ment and construction substantially restricts its development,particularly due to unclear mechanisms for cost and benefit allocation,which also discourages potential investors.To address the issue,this paper proposes investment and construction models for shared energy-storage that aligns with the present stage of energy storage development.In specific,three main models are introduced:(1)Cen-tralized Self-built Shared Energy-Storage model(CSSES),(2)Third-party Investment Shared Energy-Storage model(TISES),and(3)Distributed Self-built Shared Energy Storage(DSSES)model.The cost–benefit analysis is conducted for each model.The results indicate that the CSSES model achieves the highest internal rate of return(11.5%)and the shortest payback period,while the DSSES model per-forms acceptable with an IRR of 9.4%.In contrast,the TISES model shows the lowest IRR(6.7%)and requires higher electricity price for being feasible.Furthermore,the study employs the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for indicator eval-uation,and integrates the technique for order preference by the similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)for scheme optimization.The results show that both the CSSES model and the DSSES model achieve the highest proximity scores.Under environmental regulations,these models demonstrate superior economic benefits by optimizing energy storage utilization,reducing user costs,and enhancing overall profitability.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chem...INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chemical factors(e.g.,heavy metals,nanomaterials,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances),physical factors(e.g.,noise,radiation,and extreme weather)biological factors(e.g.,pathogenic microorganisms and parasites),natural disasters(e.g.,earthquakes and floods),and anthropogenic incidents(e.g.,chemical spills,fires,and explosions).展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of a whole-course nursing objective management system on disease control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to propose strategies for constructing such a system ...Objective: To explore the effect of a whole-course nursing objective management system on disease control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to propose strategies for constructing such a system for these patients. Methods: Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the hospital from January 2024 to June 2024 were selected. The control group (n = 45) received routine nursing care, while the observation group (n = 45) received whole-course nursing. Indicators such as glucose metabolism and compliance behavior were measured before and after care, and the health and quality of life of patients in both groups were evaluated. Results: A comparison of blood glucose levels and compliance behavior showed that the observation group had lower blood glucose levels than the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the compliance behavior score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The holistic nursing model demonstrates significant nursing effects for patients with type 2 diabetes. This approach not only assists in blood sugar control, prevents disease progression, and reduces complications, but also enhances patients’ knowledge of health management, aiding in their recovery.展开更多
In the context of the new era,the construction and improvement of a theoretical system for ideological and political education in universities is a core proposition for fulfilling the fundamental task of cultivating m...In the context of the new era,the construction and improvement of a theoretical system for ideological and political education in universities is a core proposition for fulfilling the fundamental task of cultivating morality and educating people.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and informed by the realities of social transformation,technological revolution,and educational reform in the new era,this article systematically analyzes the current status and prominent issues of the theoretical system for ideological and political education in universities.It analyzes the causes from the perspectives of concepts,mechanisms,and resources,and ultimately proposes a“three-dimensional collaborative”framework for system construction and specific strategies for improvement.This research aims to provide theoretical support and practical paths for theoretical innovation in ideological and political education in universities in the new era,helping to cultivate new generations of people who will shoulder the great responsibility of national rejuvenation.展开更多
In this work,history of education is expressed and evaluated generally/specifically by considering the related concepts.Definition and types of education explained with specific approaches in the literature.Early chil...In this work,history of education is expressed and evaluated generally/specifically by considering the related concepts.Definition and types of education explained with specific approaches in the literature.Early childhood development briefly defined and the correlation with education systems outlined.Five education evolution phases expressed with its basic concepts.The meaning and importance of philosophy of education are then defined according to the general approaches.Some of the important philosophers of education and their philosophical/scientific interests are compared and expressed with a table.New perspective of the philosophy generally defined by considering new era philosophy,eight basic philosophies,and hybrid philosophies.R-Philosophy,R-Science,R-Information,R-Education,and R-System new disciplines are shortly expressed.New perspective for the philosophy of education defined as sub-branch of philosophy of information and explained regarding the basic information on the related theories.17 education components are defined for continuable/sustainable education,and efficiency,effective use,and improvement/development of each of the components expressed specifically.Performance of the education components for a country-X is given with a figure as an example.Relation between education,values,and basic senses is interpreted.Evaluation of the education due to 17 specific perspectives is generally mentioned.Then,evaluation of the education from philosophical,academic,and administration perspectives is specifically explained.Continuable/sustainable education administration system for a world country is defined with figures.Education system administration is defined with bloc diagrams accordingly.Ideal political/nonpolitical education construction for a progressive world country is outlined with 5x5 table,and related explanations done.Then importance of education due to 39 subjects of services is expressed with a table.Categories of education programs outlined.Digital education&digital tools and engineering education and related five industry evolution phases are defined as special education programs.New proposal is given for Education 5.0 and Engineering Education 5.0.展开更多
Fluorinated motifs are prevalent in both pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.The incorporation of fluorine-containing moieties to drug candidates has emerged as a potent strategy for lead optimization in pharmaceutical ...Fluorinated motifs are prevalent in both pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.The incorporation of fluorine-containing moieties to drug candidates has emerged as a potent strategy for lead optimization in pharmaceutical research and development.While extensive research has been devoted to constructing molecules that incorporate a trifluoromethylthio(SCF_(3)−)group on a stereogenic carbon,the synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated alkanes featuring a SCF_(3)-substituted stereogenic carbon at non-activated site remains understudied.Herein,we report a Cu-catalyzed regio-and enantioselective hydroallylation of 1-trifluoromethylthiolated alkenes.Important to the process is the regio-and enantioselective Cu-H insertion to SCF_(3)-substituted alkene to form chiralα-SCF_(3) alkyl copper intermediates,outcompeting unproductive insertion to the coupling partner,and eventually proceed to afford optically active homoallylic trifluoromethylthiolated products.展开更多
Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,...Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,its feasibility has not been fully explored.This study uses data envelopment analysis and the analytic hierarchy process to establish a development potential index,covering technical efficiency,economic cost,application sce-narios,and charging time and range,with an empirical analysis conducted in Beijing.The findings indicated the high feasibility of replacing OCM with electric alternatives,especially within the low-power range.Based on 2023 registered coding dat1,it is projected that by 2030,electrification could reduce regional average con-centrations of CO,NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and VOCs by 12.2%to 56.4%and reduce CO_(2) by 11.7%to 56.9%.Owing to economic considerations,small-and medium-sized machinery are particularly feasible for electrification.Key recommendations include prioritizing the electrification of forklifts,lifting platforms,and small-sized machinery in high-emission areas,particularly in central urban districts.Policies such as carbon taxes,carbon markets,and performance grading systems are suggested to incentivize electrification,along with expanding high-emission restriction zones and improving energy infrastructure to support widespread electrification.展开更多
The historical image of Ouyang Xiu constructed during the Song Dynasty evolved from a multifaceted portrayal that balanced his political and literary achievements into a singular cultural symbol.In the Northern Song D...The historical image of Ouyang Xiu constructed during the Song Dynasty evolved from a multifaceted portrayal that balanced his political and literary achievements into a singular cultural symbol.In the Northern Song Dynasty,writings by Ouyang Xiu's family and epitaphs by his colleagues crafted a balanced narrative emphasizing both his official duties and literary merits,thus constructing a dual image of him as a principled remonstrator and a literary master.In the Southern Song Dynasty,official historiography gradually eroded his complex persona as a political reformer by selectively trimming political disputes and emphasizing his literary lineage,ultimately establishing him as a cultural exemplar beyond factional strife.Throughout this evolution of historical writing,Ouyang Xiu's sharpness as a remonstrator was gradually obscured in historical texts,while his image as a literary master,revered by all,became firmly established.The reshaping of Ouyang Xiu's image in historical writings across the Northern and Southern Song dynasties not only reflects the logic of selecting scholar-official role models under the influence of official ideology but also reveals the inherent pattern whereby individual distinctiveness fades into symbolic construction in historical writing.展开更多
To advance intelligent construction,standards must come first.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has issued the List for Replicable Experience and Practices for Developing Intelligent Construction fou...To advance intelligent construction,standards must come first.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has issued the List for Replicable Experience and Practices for Developing Intelligent Construction four times successively and the Technical Guidelines for Intelligent Construction(Trial).展开更多
基金supported by the Sugiyama Jogakuen University’s School Research Fund.
文摘This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.
文摘From the perspective of the development of world-class universities,internationalization is an essential strategic choice and external feature,and also an inevitable choice to improve the discourse power and competitiveness of international higher education.In line with the national“double first-class”international development strategy of higher education,based on the cultivation of students’overall quality,the improvement of teachers’professional ability,and the development of school’s improvement of quality and efficiency,we School of Software,Northwestern Polytechnical University,explore new ideas and new measures for the cultivation of international software engineering talents,build a set of international teaching resources construction system,to form a reference standard and scheme for the cultivation of international software engineering talents.At present,we have achieved excellent results.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170681,BK20180701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51675281).
文摘The vibratory roller is a piece of vital construction machinery in the field of road construction.The unmanned vibratory roller efficiently utilizes the automated driving technology in the vehicle engineering field,which is innovative for the unmanned road construction.This paper develops and implements the autonomous construction system for the unmanned vibratory roller.Not only does the roller have the function of remote-controlled driving,but it also has the capability of autonomous road construction.The overall system design uses the Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)as the kernel controller.It establishes the communication network through multiple Input/Output(I/O)modules,Recommended Standard 232(RS232)serial port,Controller Area Network(CAN)bus,and wireless networks to control the roller vehicle completely.The locating information is obtained through the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)satellite navigation equipment group to support the process of autonomous construction.According to the experimental results,the autonomous construction system can finally enable the roller to perform driving operations and construction independently,which was a significant step forward in engineering application.
基金Supported by the Open Research Subject of Research Base of Local Culture Protection and Development Research Center(15DFWH016)Research Base of Sichuan Rural Development Research Center(CR1512)Research Base of Sichuan Province Multi-cultural Research Center(DYWH1507)
文摘Based on the field survey of dwellings in Tieqiong Village of Waerma Town in Aba County, northwest Tibetan area of Sichuan Province, this paper firstly introduced main characteristics of the construction system in the structure, materials and structural system, and analyzed changes in construction practices of various dwellings from traditional to modern time. Finally, it summarized characteristics of spontaneous evolution and research value of the construction system of dwellings in the northwest Tibetan area of Sichuan Province, with rammed earth wooden dwellings in upper and middle Aba areas as representatives.
文摘Analyze the moral hazard issues in the construction agency system,and enumerate the performance of moral hazard.Deeply analyze the causes,start with strengthening supervision and perfecting incentive measures,eliminate the impact of moral hazard,and give play to the advantages of agent construction.
文摘Characterized by high consumption of natural resources and great generation of environmental impacts,civil construction becomes an important ally to the development of strategies for a more sustainable built environment.In this context,this article aims to evaluate construction systems of social interest housing and point out their participation in relation to total impacts,in addition to indicating the environmental impacts embedded in the construction materials present in these systems.To this end,a case study was selected to apply Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology and assess impacts of the building materials used in a house of a social housing complex.LCA was applied to masonry,roof,coatings and floor systems.The scope adopted assesses impacts incorporated in construction materials,analyzing the stages of raw material extraction,materials production,transport to construction site,maintenance and materials replacement.Concerning life cycle inventory,Ecoinvent 3.6 database was used and environmental impacts were calculated using CML method with the aid of OpenLCA 1.9 software.In general,results showed that the maintenance phase has the greatest environmental impact participation related to analyzed systems.Furthermore,it was possible to conclude that coatings and masonry systems were the ones that most added to total environmental impacts.
文摘In the process of Chinas urban modernization, the design and construction of green ecological dikes must be strengthened. When carrying out ecological dam planning, we should fully consider its impact on the ecological environment and formulate scientific, coordinated and reasonable green ecological dam planning. At the present stage of development, attention should be paid to the design and ecological protection of embankments, making full use of their design functions, and strictly designing and constructing to improve their design functions. The application of the concept of green ecological embankment construction in water conservancy projects can not only enhance the flood control capacity of river courses, but also fundamentally realize comprehensive and comprehensive planning, pay more attention to the ecological management of rivers, and finally realize the coordinated development of human, river and natural environment. This paper briefly discusses the design and construction technology of improving the green ecological embankment of water conservancy projects, analyzes the existing problems, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures on how to improve its permeability, quality and ecological environment.
文摘Against the backdrop of continuous social development and growing public health demands,the efficiency and scientific nature of the emergency care system are of paramount importance.This paper focuses on researching the construction of an emergency care system based on the concept of“linkage”,delving into its theoretical foundations,exploring innovative construction models,and analyzing practical cases.The study indicates that an emergency care system under the“linkage”concept can effectively integrate resources and enhance efficiency,providing new insights for improving the construction of the emergency care system.It aims to promote the development of the emergency care system towards a more scientific,efficient,and collaborative direction.
基金Guizhou Provincial University Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project in 2024"Enhancing the Development of New Productive Forces through University Technological Innovation and Intellectual Property Management"(2024RW256)Guizhou University of Commerce Research Project in 2022"Study on the Ideas and Pathways to Drive Agricultural Powerhouse through Digital Economy"(2022XJZX315)。
文摘With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an important criterion for measuring the quality of business environment.This article is intended to explore the current status of intellectual property system construction in China,the challenges,and its relationship with the business environment,to propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The study finds that the legal system of intellectual property in China is gradually improving,and judicial and administrative protection are continuously strengthened.However,the challenges still remain such as frequent infringements,rights hard to protect and insufficient international cooperation.These issues not only affect the legitimate rights and interests of innovation entities,but also for the market fairness and the level of the business environment.Therefore,this article proposes that strengthening the perfection of the intellectual property legal system,enhancing intellectual property services and support capabilities,strengthening international cooperation and exchanges,and accelerating the cultivation of composite talents.It aims to provide theoretical references for the construction of intellectual property system and the optimization of the business environment,promote the high-quality development of economy and enhance the global competitiveness of the country.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation under Grant No.2222881.
文摘The integration of Human-Robot Collaboration(HRC)into Virtual Reality(VR)technology is transforming industries by enhancing workforce skills,improving safety,and optimizing operational processes and efficiency through realistic simulations of industry-specific scenarios.Despite the growing adoption of VR integrated with HRC,comprehensive reviews of current research in HRC-VR within the construction and manufacturing fields are lacking.This review examines the latest advances in designing and implementing HRC using VR technology in these industries.The aim is to address the application domains of HRC-VR,types of robots used,VR setups,and software solutions used.To achieve this,a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology was conducted on the Web of Science and Google Scholar databases,analyzing 383 articles and selecting 53 papers that met the established selection criteria.The findings emphasize a significant focus on enhancing human-robot interaction with a trend toward using immersive VR experiences and interactive 3D content creation tools.However,the integration of HRC with VR,especially in the dynamic construction environment,presents unique challenges and opportunities for future research,including developing more realistic simulations and adaptable robot systems.This paper offers insights for researchers,practitioners,educators,industry professionals,and policymakers interested in leveraging the integration of HRC with VR in construction and manufacturing industries.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education Planning Fund of China(Grant No.21YJA790009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72140001).
文摘New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed to expand investment and construction models by promoting the deployment of energy-storage facilities through the ways of self-construction,leasing,and purchasing,and to encourage the development of the shared energy-storage.However,the current scarcity in the model of the shared energy-storage invest-ment and construction substantially restricts its development,particularly due to unclear mechanisms for cost and benefit allocation,which also discourages potential investors.To address the issue,this paper proposes investment and construction models for shared energy-storage that aligns with the present stage of energy storage development.In specific,three main models are introduced:(1)Cen-tralized Self-built Shared Energy-Storage model(CSSES),(2)Third-party Investment Shared Energy-Storage model(TISES),and(3)Distributed Self-built Shared Energy Storage(DSSES)model.The cost–benefit analysis is conducted for each model.The results indicate that the CSSES model achieves the highest internal rate of return(11.5%)and the shortest payback period,while the DSSES model per-forms acceptable with an IRR of 9.4%.In contrast,the TISES model shows the lowest IRR(6.7%)and requires higher electricity price for being feasible.Furthermore,the study employs the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for indicator eval-uation,and integrates the technique for order preference by the similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)for scheme optimization.The results show that both the CSSES model and the DSSES model achieve the highest proximity scores.Under environmental regulations,these models demonstrate superior economic benefits by optimizing energy storage utilization,reducing user costs,and enhancing overall profitability.
基金supported by the commissioned project of the Department of Health and Immunization Planning under the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration(No.BX2024100800015)The preliminary study project on standardization of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(No.BZ2025-Q155)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82404299).
文摘INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chemical factors(e.g.,heavy metals,nanomaterials,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances),physical factors(e.g.,noise,radiation,and extreme weather)biological factors(e.g.,pathogenic microorganisms and parasites),natural disasters(e.g.,earthquakes and floods),and anthropogenic incidents(e.g.,chemical spills,fires,and explosions).
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of a whole-course nursing objective management system on disease control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to propose strategies for constructing such a system for these patients. Methods: Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the hospital from January 2024 to June 2024 were selected. The control group (n = 45) received routine nursing care, while the observation group (n = 45) received whole-course nursing. Indicators such as glucose metabolism and compliance behavior were measured before and after care, and the health and quality of life of patients in both groups were evaluated. Results: A comparison of blood glucose levels and compliance behavior showed that the observation group had lower blood glucose levels than the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the compliance behavior score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The holistic nursing model demonstrates significant nursing effects for patients with type 2 diabetes. This approach not only assists in blood sugar control, prevents disease progression, and reduces complications, but also enhances patients’ knowledge of health management, aiding in their recovery.
文摘In the context of the new era,the construction and improvement of a theoretical system for ideological and political education in universities is a core proposition for fulfilling the fundamental task of cultivating morality and educating people.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and informed by the realities of social transformation,technological revolution,and educational reform in the new era,this article systematically analyzes the current status and prominent issues of the theoretical system for ideological and political education in universities.It analyzes the causes from the perspectives of concepts,mechanisms,and resources,and ultimately proposes a“three-dimensional collaborative”framework for system construction and specific strategies for improvement.This research aims to provide theoretical support and practical paths for theoretical innovation in ideological and political education in universities in the new era,helping to cultivate new generations of people who will shoulder the great responsibility of national rejuvenation.
文摘In this work,history of education is expressed and evaluated generally/specifically by considering the related concepts.Definition and types of education explained with specific approaches in the literature.Early childhood development briefly defined and the correlation with education systems outlined.Five education evolution phases expressed with its basic concepts.The meaning and importance of philosophy of education are then defined according to the general approaches.Some of the important philosophers of education and their philosophical/scientific interests are compared and expressed with a table.New perspective of the philosophy generally defined by considering new era philosophy,eight basic philosophies,and hybrid philosophies.R-Philosophy,R-Science,R-Information,R-Education,and R-System new disciplines are shortly expressed.New perspective for the philosophy of education defined as sub-branch of philosophy of information and explained regarding the basic information on the related theories.17 education components are defined for continuable/sustainable education,and efficiency,effective use,and improvement/development of each of the components expressed specifically.Performance of the education components for a country-X is given with a figure as an example.Relation between education,values,and basic senses is interpreted.Evaluation of the education due to 17 specific perspectives is generally mentioned.Then,evaluation of the education from philosophical,academic,and administration perspectives is specifically explained.Continuable/sustainable education administration system for a world country is defined with figures.Education system administration is defined with bloc diagrams accordingly.Ideal political/nonpolitical education construction for a progressive world country is outlined with 5x5 table,and related explanations done.Then importance of education due to 39 subjects of services is expressed with a table.Categories of education programs outlined.Digital education&digital tools and engineering education and related five industry evolution phases are defined as special education programs.New proposal is given for Education 5.0 and Engineering Education 5.0.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFF0701700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271264 and 21971228)for financial support.
文摘Fluorinated motifs are prevalent in both pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.The incorporation of fluorine-containing moieties to drug candidates has emerged as a potent strategy for lead optimization in pharmaceutical research and development.While extensive research has been devoted to constructing molecules that incorporate a trifluoromethylthio(SCF_(3)−)group on a stereogenic carbon,the synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated alkanes featuring a SCF_(3)-substituted stereogenic carbon at non-activated site remains understudied.Herein,we report a Cu-catalyzed regio-and enantioselective hydroallylation of 1-trifluoromethylthiolated alkenes.Important to the process is the regio-and enantioselective Cu-H insertion to SCF_(3)-substituted alkene to form chiralα-SCF_(3) alkyl copper intermediates,outcompeting unproductive insertion to the coupling partner,and eventually proceed to afford optically active homoallylic trifluoromethylthiolated products.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024ZD1200200).
文摘Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,its feasibility has not been fully explored.This study uses data envelopment analysis and the analytic hierarchy process to establish a development potential index,covering technical efficiency,economic cost,application sce-narios,and charging time and range,with an empirical analysis conducted in Beijing.The findings indicated the high feasibility of replacing OCM with electric alternatives,especially within the low-power range.Based on 2023 registered coding dat1,it is projected that by 2030,electrification could reduce regional average con-centrations of CO,NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and VOCs by 12.2%to 56.4%and reduce CO_(2) by 11.7%to 56.9%.Owing to economic considerations,small-and medium-sized machinery are particularly feasible for electrification.Key recommendations include prioritizing the electrification of forklifts,lifting platforms,and small-sized machinery in high-emission areas,particularly in central urban districts.Policies such as carbon taxes,carbon markets,and performance grading systems are suggested to incentivize electrification,along with expanding high-emission restriction zones and improving energy infrastructure to support widespread electrification.
基金an initial outcome of the Research on the Interactive Relationship Between Biographies and Epitaphs in Ancient China,a project(ID:24BZW023)supported by the National Social Science Fund of China。
文摘The historical image of Ouyang Xiu constructed during the Song Dynasty evolved from a multifaceted portrayal that balanced his political and literary achievements into a singular cultural symbol.In the Northern Song Dynasty,writings by Ouyang Xiu's family and epitaphs by his colleagues crafted a balanced narrative emphasizing both his official duties and literary merits,thus constructing a dual image of him as a principled remonstrator and a literary master.In the Southern Song Dynasty,official historiography gradually eroded his complex persona as a political reformer by selectively trimming political disputes and emphasizing his literary lineage,ultimately establishing him as a cultural exemplar beyond factional strife.Throughout this evolution of historical writing,Ouyang Xiu's sharpness as a remonstrator was gradually obscured in historical texts,while his image as a literary master,revered by all,became firmly established.The reshaping of Ouyang Xiu's image in historical writings across the Northern and Southern Song dynasties not only reflects the logic of selecting scholar-official role models under the influence of official ideology but also reveals the inherent pattern whereby individual distinctiveness fades into symbolic construction in historical writing.
文摘To advance intelligent construction,standards must come first.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has issued the List for Replicable Experience and Practices for Developing Intelligent Construction four times successively and the Technical Guidelines for Intelligent Construction(Trial).
