Any investment project bears some burden of risk. An investor who plans to carry out a building investment must be aware of the hazards that can be encountered while pursuing the project. Risk analysis can be supporte...Any investment project bears some burden of risk. An investor who plans to carry out a building investment must be aware of the hazards that can be encountered while pursuing the project. Risk analysis can be supported by multi-criteria methods, which allow the user to assess the risk level while taking into account various risk-affecting factors. The aim of this article is to present and compare methods for estimating the level of risk. The article shows an example of risk assessment using methods Preliminary Hazard Assessment, Hazard Matrix and the method not used to this type of calculation Indicator method. Conducted in Article calculations show the possibility of using methods from the group of multi-criteria analysis and the results show the usefulness of the methodology developed by the author. This analysis involves a construction development designed for the tourism business. This is an interesting example due to the specific nature of the object and its location. The calculations take into account the difficult implementation conditions and the results show what you should pay attention to when planning investment.展开更多
Semiconductor based photocatalysis that harvests renewable solar energy to produce green hydrogen has attracted widespread attention[1],known for its environmental friendliness,low opera-tional costs,and scalability.E...Semiconductor based photocatalysis that harvests renewable solar energy to produce green hydrogen has attracted widespread attention[1],known for its environmental friendliness,low opera-tional costs,and scalability.Extensive experimental and theoretical explorations have significantly advanced the development of pho-tocatalysts for overall water splitting at laboratory scale[2],by band structure engineering[3],heterostructure construction[4],active site design[5],and even micro-/macro-texture modulation[6,7].Preliminary demonstration and verification of its large-scale application have been accomplished using SrTiO_(3) as photocatalyst[8].However,this technology yet faces the great challenges in practical application,with solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency still lower than 2%,suffering from the thermodynamically and kinetically constrained water splitting reactions[9].Although some well documented strategies(e.g.,light concentration,exter-nal heat,and concentrated electrolytes)could overcome these pho-tocatalytic limitations to some extent[10],the introduced harsh reaction conditions would significantly compromise the durability of photocatalysts[11].For example,to realize the practical applica-tion of photocatalytic recycling and upgrading of plastic wastes into solar hydrogen,strong alkaline solutions containing mono-meric constituents should serve as feedstocks for photo-reforming[12],with photocatalysts exposed to the harsh alkaline condition and then suffering from degradation and inactivation.展开更多
The engineering design and construction of active interfaces represents a promising approach amidst numerous initiatives aimed at augmenting catalytic activity.Herein,we present a novel approach to incorporate interco...The engineering design and construction of active interfaces represents a promising approach amidst numerous initiatives aimed at augmenting catalytic activity.Herein,we present a novel approach to incorporate interconnected pores within bulk single crystals for the synthesis of macroscopic porous single-crystalline rutile titanium oxide(R-TiO_(2)).The porous single crystal(PSC)R-TiO_(2) couples a nanocrystalline framework as the solid phase with pores as the fluid phase within its structure,providing unique advantages in localized structure construction and in the field of catalysis.We successfully construct well-defined Ni cluster/TiO_(2) active interfaces by directly confining Ni clusters on the continuous lattice surface of PSC R-TiO_(2).We confirm that the lattice oxygen connected to the Ni clusters exhibits exceptional activation capability at temperatures close to room temperature compared to the pure phase PSC R-TiO_(2) monoliths.The PSC Ni/TiO_(2) catalyst demonstrates complete CO oxidation and stable catalytic performance during continuous operation in air at~80℃ for 200 h.展开更多
文摘Any investment project bears some burden of risk. An investor who plans to carry out a building investment must be aware of the hazards that can be encountered while pursuing the project. Risk analysis can be supported by multi-criteria methods, which allow the user to assess the risk level while taking into account various risk-affecting factors. The aim of this article is to present and compare methods for estimating the level of risk. The article shows an example of risk assessment using methods Preliminary Hazard Assessment, Hazard Matrix and the method not used to this type of calculation Indicator method. Conducted in Article calculations show the possibility of using methods from the group of multi-criteria analysis and the results show the usefulness of the methodology developed by the author. This analysis involves a construction development designed for the tourism business. This is an interesting example due to the specific nature of the object and its location. The calculations take into account the difficult implementation conditions and the results show what you should pay attention to when planning investment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(22432003,52225606,and 523B2070).
文摘Semiconductor based photocatalysis that harvests renewable solar energy to produce green hydrogen has attracted widespread attention[1],known for its environmental friendliness,low opera-tional costs,and scalability.Extensive experimental and theoretical explorations have significantly advanced the development of pho-tocatalysts for overall water splitting at laboratory scale[2],by band structure engineering[3],heterostructure construction[4],active site design[5],and even micro-/macro-texture modulation[6,7].Preliminary demonstration and verification of its large-scale application have been accomplished using SrTiO_(3) as photocatalyst[8].However,this technology yet faces the great challenges in practical application,with solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency still lower than 2%,suffering from the thermodynamically and kinetically constrained water splitting reactions[9].Although some well documented strategies(e.g.,light concentration,exter-nal heat,and concentrated electrolytes)could overcome these pho-tocatalytic limitations to some extent[10],the introduced harsh reaction conditions would significantly compromise the durability of photocatalysts[11].For example,to realize the practical applica-tion of photocatalytic recycling and upgrading of plastic wastes into solar hydrogen,strong alkaline solutions containing mono-meric constituents should serve as feedstocks for photo-reforming[12],with photocatalysts exposed to the harsh alkaline condition and then suffering from degradation and inactivation.
基金the funding support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of China(22325506)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(24TS1414400)+4 种基金the Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2030 Initiative(2030B24)Industry support(24YW2024)from Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co.Ltd.the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0354 and 2023M743497)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230759)the Fujian STS plan supporting project(2022T3022,2023T3050,and 2023T3051)for this work.
文摘The engineering design and construction of active interfaces represents a promising approach amidst numerous initiatives aimed at augmenting catalytic activity.Herein,we present a novel approach to incorporate interconnected pores within bulk single crystals for the synthesis of macroscopic porous single-crystalline rutile titanium oxide(R-TiO_(2)).The porous single crystal(PSC)R-TiO_(2) couples a nanocrystalline framework as the solid phase with pores as the fluid phase within its structure,providing unique advantages in localized structure construction and in the field of catalysis.We successfully construct well-defined Ni cluster/TiO_(2) active interfaces by directly confining Ni clusters on the continuous lattice surface of PSC R-TiO_(2).We confirm that the lattice oxygen connected to the Ni clusters exhibits exceptional activation capability at temperatures close to room temperature compared to the pure phase PSC R-TiO_(2) monoliths.The PSC Ni/TiO_(2) catalyst demonstrates complete CO oxidation and stable catalytic performance during continuous operation in air at~80℃ for 200 h.
