As a major component of speech signal processing, speech emotion recognition has become increasingly essential to understanding human communication. Benefitting from deep learning, many researchers have proposed vario...As a major component of speech signal processing, speech emotion recognition has become increasingly essential to understanding human communication. Benefitting from deep learning, many researchers have proposed various unsupervised models to extract effective emotional features and supervised models to train emotion recognition systems. In this paper, we utilize semi-supervised ladder networks for speech emotion recognition. The model is trained by minimizing the supervised loss and auxiliary unsupervised cost function. The addition of the unsupervised auxiliary task provides powerful discriminative representations of the input features, and is also regarded as the regularization of the emotional supervised task. We also compare the ladder network with other classical autoencoder structures. The experiments were conducted on the interactive emotional dyadic motion capture (IEMOCAP) database, and the results reveal that the proposed methods achieve superior performance with a small number of labelled data and achieves better performance than other methods.展开更多
The theory of RC uniform ladder networks based upon the recurrence of voltage and cur-rent functions is extended as a vehicle to analyse the dynamic characteristics of reg lines. Meth-ods for computing the time consta...The theory of RC uniform ladder networks based upon the recurrence of voltage and cur-rent functions is extended as a vehicle to analyse the dynamic characteristics of reg lines. Meth-ods for computing the time constants and simplifying the transfer functions for reg lines are alsopresented.展开更多
In order to improve the multiplexing capability of the optical sensors based on the lower interferential optic fiber sensing technology and the white light fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer,reflective ladder top...In order to improve the multiplexing capability of the optical sensors based on the lower interferential optic fiber sensing technology and the white light fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer,reflective ladder topology network ( RLT) with tailored formula was proposed. The topology network consists of 6 rungs sensing elements linked by 5 couplers. Two cases with different choices of couplers were contrasted: one is equal coupling ratio,and the other is tailored coupling ratio. Through the simulation of these two cases,the detailed multiplexing capability was analyzed,and accordingly the experiments were also carried out. The simulation results showed that,the tailored formula enhances the multiplexing capability of the structure. In the first case, the maximum number of sensors which can be multiplexed is 8,and in the other case is 12 fiber optic sensors. The experimental results have a good agreement with numerical simulation results. Thus,it is considered expedient to incorporate RLT into large-scale building,grounds,bridges,dams,tunnels,highways and perimeter security.展开更多
The title complex, {[Cu2（4,4＇-bipyridine）2（μ-O2CMe）2（O2CMe）2],H2O}n 1, was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 13.4474...The title complex, {[Cu2（4,4＇-bipyridine）2（μ-O2CMe）2（O2CMe）2],H2O}n 1, was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 13.4474（5）, b = 11.7566（2）, c = 19.5380（6）A, β = 92.930（2）°, V = 3084.84（16） A^3, Z = 4, Cu2C28N409H30, Mr = 693.64, Dc = 1.494 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1424 and μ（MoKα） = 1.436 mm^-1. With the use of 2062 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））, the structure was refined to R = 0.0769 and wR = 0.2154. In complex 1, the dimeric copper acetate units are linked through 4,4’-bipyridine to yield ID molecular ladders. These ladders are connected via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to generate 2D layers, which are further linked through C-H…O hydrogen bonds to give a 3D supramolecular network.展开更多
This study proposes a ladder gradient method for neutron and gamma-ray discrimination.The proposed method exhibited state-of-the-art performance with low time consumption,which incorporates two parts:information extra...This study proposes a ladder gradient method for neutron and gamma-ray discrimination.The proposed method exhibited state-of-the-art performance with low time consumption,which incorporates two parts:information extraction and discrimination factor calculation.A quasi-continuous spiking cortical model was proposed to extract information from the radiation pulse signals,thus generating an ignition map corresponding to each pulse signal.The ignition map can be used to calculate the discrimination factor.A ladder gradient calculation was introduced to obtain a discrimination factor with low computational complexity.The proposed method was compared with five other discrimination methods to evaluate its robustness and efficacy.Furthermore,the filter adaptability of the pulse-coupled neural network and ladder gradient methods was investigated.Possible reasons for adapting the conditions with different discrimination methods and filters were analyzed.Experiments were conducted in 20 filtering situations with 11 types of filters to determine the most suitable filters for discrimination methods.The experimental results revealed that the three most adaptive filters of the pulse-coupled neural networks and ladder gradient methods are the wavelet,elliptic,and median filters and the elliptic,moving average,and wavelet filters,respectively.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pain in the liver is a common symptom of liver cancer in late stages,and the pain incidence rate exceeds 50%[1].In serious cancer pain,morphine and other major analgesics have been commonly administrated fo...BACKGROUND Pain in the liver is a common symptom of liver cancer in late stages,and the pain incidence rate exceeds 50%[1].In serious cancer pain,morphine and other major analgesics have been commonly administrated for clinical treatments,and their effects are accurate,but with a high incidence of side effects,such as nausea,vomiting,constipation,and other conditions.Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy.There have been many randomized controlled trials addressing the safety and usefulness of different methods of acupuncture in alleviating liver cancer pain.However,which of these methods is the most effective method is still unclear.AIM To compare the effectiveness of different acupuncture methods for alleviating pain due to liver cancer.METHODS Eligible studies were retrieved from eight databases(the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Medline,CNKI,CBM,Chongqing VIP,and Wan Fang Database)up to March 31,2021 and screened based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria.The quality of the include studies was evaluated.Stata software was applied for statistical analyses.Publication bias of the included studies was also determined.Finally,the network meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture methods for relief of pain due to liver cancer.RESULTS A total of eight randomized controlled trials were included in the network metaanalysis.Eight trials(covering 5 treatments and 734 patients)provided data suitable for analysis.Most trials focused on short-term effects and many were classed as being of poor quality with a high risk of bias,commonly associated with lack of blinding(which was sometimes impossible to achieve).End of treatment results showed that four interventions,including wrist-ankle acupuncture,triple puncture and remaining needle acupuncture,Tian Yuan acupuncture,and block acupuncture,produced a statistically significant reduction in pain when compared with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy.The surface under the cumulative ranking sorting results showed that triple puncture and remaining needle acupuncture had a relatively high effective rate.CONCLUSION The network meta-analysis results indicate that the overall effectiveness of triple puncture and remaining needle acupuncture is better than the other therapies.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61425017 and 61773379)the National Key Research&Development Plan of China(No.2017YFB1002804)
文摘As a major component of speech signal processing, speech emotion recognition has become increasingly essential to understanding human communication. Benefitting from deep learning, many researchers have proposed various unsupervised models to extract effective emotional features and supervised models to train emotion recognition systems. In this paper, we utilize semi-supervised ladder networks for speech emotion recognition. The model is trained by minimizing the supervised loss and auxiliary unsupervised cost function. The addition of the unsupervised auxiliary task provides powerful discriminative representations of the input features, and is also regarded as the regularization of the emotional supervised task. We also compare the ladder network with other classical autoencoder structures. The experiments were conducted on the interactive emotional dyadic motion capture (IEMOCAP) database, and the results reveal that the proposed methods achieve superior performance with a small number of labelled data and achieves better performance than other methods.
文摘The theory of RC uniform ladder networks based upon the recurrence of voltage and cur-rent functions is extended as a vehicle to analyse the dynamic characteristics of reg lines. Meth-ods for computing the time constants and simplifying the transfer functions for reg lines are alsopresented.
基金Sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No. QC2012C081)the Creative Qualified Scientists and Technicians Foundation of Harbin City (Grant No. RC2012QN001025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61107069 and 41174161)
文摘In order to improve the multiplexing capability of the optical sensors based on the lower interferential optic fiber sensing technology and the white light fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer,reflective ladder topology network ( RLT) with tailored formula was proposed. The topology network consists of 6 rungs sensing elements linked by 5 couplers. Two cases with different choices of couplers were contrasted: one is equal coupling ratio,and the other is tailored coupling ratio. Through the simulation of these two cases,the detailed multiplexing capability was analyzed,and accordingly the experiments were also carried out. The simulation results showed that,the tailored formula enhances the multiplexing capability of the structure. In the first case, the maximum number of sensors which can be multiplexed is 8,and in the other case is 12 fiber optic sensors. The experimental results have a good agreement with numerical simulation results. Thus,it is considered expedient to incorporate RLT into large-scale building,grounds,bridges,dams,tunnels,highways and perimeter security.
基金This work was supported by the Science Foundation of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
文摘The title complex, {[Cu2（4,4＇-bipyridine）2（μ-O2CMe）2（O2CMe）2],H2O}n 1, was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 13.4474（5）, b = 11.7566（2）, c = 19.5380（6）A, β = 92.930（2）°, V = 3084.84（16） A^3, Z = 4, Cu2C28N409H30, Mr = 693.64, Dc = 1.494 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1424 and μ（MoKα） = 1.436 mm^-1. With the use of 2062 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））, the structure was refined to R = 0.0769 and wR = 0.2154. In complex 1, the dimeric copper acetate units are linked through 4,4’-bipyridine to yield ID molecular ladders. These ladders are connected via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to generate 2D layers, which are further linked through C-H…O hydrogen bonds to give a 3D supramolecular network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U19A2086,41874121,12205078).
文摘This study proposes a ladder gradient method for neutron and gamma-ray discrimination.The proposed method exhibited state-of-the-art performance with low time consumption,which incorporates two parts:information extraction and discrimination factor calculation.A quasi-continuous spiking cortical model was proposed to extract information from the radiation pulse signals,thus generating an ignition map corresponding to each pulse signal.The ignition map can be used to calculate the discrimination factor.A ladder gradient calculation was introduced to obtain a discrimination factor with low computational complexity.The proposed method was compared with five other discrimination methods to evaluate its robustness and efficacy.Furthermore,the filter adaptability of the pulse-coupled neural network and ladder gradient methods was investigated.Possible reasons for adapting the conditions with different discrimination methods and filters were analyzed.Experiments were conducted in 20 filtering situations with 11 types of filters to determine the most suitable filters for discrimination methods.The experimental results revealed that the three most adaptive filters of the pulse-coupled neural networks and ladder gradient methods are the wavelet,elliptic,and median filters and the elliptic,moving average,and wavelet filters,respectively.
文摘BACKGROUND Pain in the liver is a common symptom of liver cancer in late stages,and the pain incidence rate exceeds 50%[1].In serious cancer pain,morphine and other major analgesics have been commonly administrated for clinical treatments,and their effects are accurate,but with a high incidence of side effects,such as nausea,vomiting,constipation,and other conditions.Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy.There have been many randomized controlled trials addressing the safety and usefulness of different methods of acupuncture in alleviating liver cancer pain.However,which of these methods is the most effective method is still unclear.AIM To compare the effectiveness of different acupuncture methods for alleviating pain due to liver cancer.METHODS Eligible studies were retrieved from eight databases(the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Medline,CNKI,CBM,Chongqing VIP,and Wan Fang Database)up to March 31,2021 and screened based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria.The quality of the include studies was evaluated.Stata software was applied for statistical analyses.Publication bias of the included studies was also determined.Finally,the network meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture methods for relief of pain due to liver cancer.RESULTS A total of eight randomized controlled trials were included in the network metaanalysis.Eight trials(covering 5 treatments and 734 patients)provided data suitable for analysis.Most trials focused on short-term effects and many were classed as being of poor quality with a high risk of bias,commonly associated with lack of blinding(which was sometimes impossible to achieve).End of treatment results showed that four interventions,including wrist-ankle acupuncture,triple puncture and remaining needle acupuncture,Tian Yuan acupuncture,and block acupuncture,produced a statistically significant reduction in pain when compared with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy.The surface under the cumulative ranking sorting results showed that triple puncture and remaining needle acupuncture had a relatively high effective rate.CONCLUSION The network meta-analysis results indicate that the overall effectiveness of triple puncture and remaining needle acupuncture is better than the other therapies.
